PCDD/F Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles Operated under Highway Conditions and a Diesel-Engine Based Power Generator

PCDD/F emissions from three light-duty diesel vehicles–two vans and a passenger car–have been measured in on-road conditions. We propose a new methodology for small vehicles: a sample of exhaust gas is collected by means of equipment based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) method 23A for stationary stack emissions. The concentrations of O2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2 and SO2 have also been measured. Six tests were carried out at 90-100 km/h on a route 100 km long. Two additional tests were done during the first 10 minutes and the following 60 minutes of the run to assess the effect of the engine temperature on PCDD/F emissions. The emission factors obtained for the vans varied from 1800 to 8400 pg I-TEQ/Nm3 for a 2004 model year van and 490-580 pg I-TEQ/Nm3 for a 2006 model year van. Regarding the passenger car, one run was done in the presence of a catalyst and another without, obtaining emission factors (330-880 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) comparable to those of the modern van. Two other tests were carried out on a power generator leading to emission factors ranging from 31 to 78 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. All the results are discussed and compared with literature.

Semivolatile and Volatile Compound Evolution during Pyrolysis and Combustion of Colombian Coffee Husk

Thermal characterization of coffee husk (Coffea arabica) from Colombian coffee has been studied. Different products, mostly volatile and semivolatile compounds, were analyzed, paying special attention to 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) classified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as priority pollutants, frequently used for checking toxicity in environmental samples. A fixed amount of raw material was exposed to different excess air ratios (λ = 0–2.33) and nominal temperature of 1123 K in a horizontal quartz reactor. The results show that coffee husk is a promising biomass for energetic exploitation with reduced formation of PAHs in a low air excess ratio. This implies reduction of carcinogenic potential in the limited presence of oxygen, demonstrated by calculating the carcinogenic potential (KE) for each experimental condition. Most volatile and semivolatile compounds followed different trends, with the oxygen presence prevailing their decomposition with increasing the air excess ratio.

Economic impact of effluent regulations on the rum industry, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands /

Study conducted by Development, Planning and Research Associates, Inc.

Development of risk assessment methodology for surface disposal of municipal sludge.

"EPA/600/6-90/001."

Assessment of potential radiological population health effects from radon in liquefied petroleum gas /

"February 1977."

Economic incentives for land use control /

"February 1977."

Potential industrial carcinogens and mutagens /

Mode of access: Internet.

Economic analysis of pesticide disposal methods /

Mode of access: Internet.

Recent advances in fish toxicology : a symposium /

Co-sponsored in cooperation with the Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University.

Planning methodologies for analysis of land use/water quality relationships /

Mode of access: Internet.

Critical review of estimating benefits of air and water pollution control /

Contract no. 68-01-2821.

The recreation benefits of water quality improvements : analysis of day trips in urban setting /

Mode of access: Internet.

National accomplishments in pollution control, 1970-1980 : some case histories /

Mode of access: Internet.

Fate of priority pollutants in publicly owned treatment works : pilot study /

Mode of access: Internet.

Can we delay a greenhouse warming? : the effectiveness and feasibility of options to slow a build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere /

Mode of access: Internet.