Evolu����o Demogr��fica da Ilha de S��o Vicente do Descobrimento a 1950

Este trabalho prop��e-se analisar a evolu����o demogr��fica da ilha de S��o Vicente, desde o seu descobrimento at�� 1950. A an��lise �� complementada pelo estudo da natalidade e mortalidade desta ilha que, �� semelhan��a do resto do arquip��lago, foi marcada hist��rica e demograficamente por c��clicas crises de mortalidade e uma elevada natalidade. As particularidades da ilha prendem-se com o seu povoamento tardio e com a sua liga����o ao Porto Grande que lhe deu uma din��mica diferente do resto do pa��s. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nos arquivos da Conservat��ria do Registo Civil de S��o Vicente e da C��mara Municipal de S��o Vicente. The present work aims at analysing the demographic evolution on the island of S. Vicente since its discovery till 1950, being the analysis complemented by a study on birth and mortality rates on this island. Similarly to the other islands, these rates were marked, both historically and demographically, by recurrent mortality crises, as well as by high birth-rate. The island particularities not only result from its late settlement, but also from its close relationship with the ���Porto Grande��� harbour, which conferred it a different dynamic, if compared to other parts of this country. This research was based on the files recorded at the Registry Office and the Town-Hall, both in S. Vicente.

Sistem��tica, filogenia e distribui����o geogr��fica das esp��cies sul-americanas de Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 e de Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, incluindo uma an��lise filogen��tica do "grupo Centris" sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Centridini)

Systematics, phylogeny and geographical distribution of the South American species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903, and Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, including a phylogenetic analysis of the "Centris group" sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Centridini). A cladistic analysis with the objective of testing the hypothesis of monophily of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903, and of studying its phylogenetic relationships with the other subgenera that belong to the Centris group, sensu Ayala, 1998, and the relationships among the species that occur in South America, is presented. Centris (Paracentris) is a group of New World bees of amphitropical distribution, especially diversified in the Andes and in the xeric areas of South and North America. Thirty-one species were included in the analysis, four considered as outgroup, and 49 characters, all from external morphology and genitalia of adult specimens. Parsimony analyses with equal weights for the characters and successive weighting were performed with the programs NONA and PAUP, and analyses of implied weighting with the program PeeWee. The strict consensus among the trees obtained in all the analyses indicates that C. (Paracentris), as previously recognized, is a paraphyletic group. In order to eliminate that condition, the subgenera C. (Acritocentris), C. (Exallocentris) and C. (Xerocentris), all described by SNELLING (1974) are synonymized under C. (Paracentris). The subgenus C. (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, previously considered a synonym of C. (Paracentris), is reinstated, but in a more restricted sense than originally proposed and with the following species: Centris brethesi Schrottky, 1902; C. buchholzi Herbst, 1918; C. chilensis (Spinola, 1851), C. mixta mixta Friese, 1904, and C. mixta tamarugalis Toro & Chiappa, 1989. Centris mixta, previously recognized as the only South American species of the subgenus C. (Xerocentris), a group supposedly amphitropical, came out as the sister-species of C. buchholzi. The following South American species were recognized under Centris (Paracentris): Centris burgdorfi Friese, 1901; C. caelebs Friese, 1900; C. cordillerana Roig-Alsina, 2000; C. euphenax Cockerell, 1913; C. flavohirta Friese, 1900; C. garleppi (Schrottky, 1913); C. klugii Friese, 1900; C. lyngbyei Jensen-Haarup, 1908; C. mourei Roig-Alsina, 2000; C. neffi Moure, 2000; C. nigerrima (Spinola, 1851); C. toroi sp. nov.; C. tricolor Friese, 1900; C. unifasciata (Schrottky, 1913), and C. vogeli Roig-Alsina, 2000. The relationships among the subgenera of the "Centris group" were: (Xanthemisia (Penthemisia (Centris s. str. - Paracentris))). Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001, an endemic species of the Caatinga and previously considered a C. (Paracentris), came out as the sister group of C. (Centris) s. str. A new species of C. (Paracentris) from Chile is described: Centris toroi sp. nov. Lectotypus designations and redescriptions are presented for Centris burgdorfi, C. caelebs, C. lyngbyei, C. tricolor, C. autrani Vachal, 1904 and C. smithii Friese, 1900. New synonyms proposed: C. buchholzi Herbst, 1918 = Centris wilmattae Cockerell, 1926 syn. nov.; C. caelebs Friese, 1900 = Paracentris fulvohirta Cameron, 1903. The female of C. vogeli Roig-Alsina, 2000 and the male of C. xanthomelaena are described.

Long-run substitutability between more and less educated workers: Evidence from U.S. States 1950-1990

We estimate the aggregate long-run elasticity of substitution between more and less educatedworkers (the slope of the demand curve for more relative to less educated workers) at theUS state level. Our data come from the (five)1950-1990 decennial censuses. Our empiricalapproach allows for state and time fixed effects and relies on time and state dependentchild labor and compulsory school attendance laws as instruments for (endogenous) changesin the relative supply of more educated workers. We find the aggregate long-run elasticity ofsubstitution between more and less educated workers to be around 1.5.

Maljapuhe pohjoismaisille urheilujohtajille n. 1950

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Schooling supply and the structure of production: Evidence from US States 1950-1990

We find that over the period 1950-1990, US states absorbed increases in the supplyof schooling due to tighter compulsory schooling and child labor laws mostly throughwithin-industry increases in the schooling intensity of production. Shifts in the industrycomposition towards more schooling-intensive industries played a less important role.To try and understand this finding theoretically, we consider a free trade model withtwo goods/industries, two skill types, and many regions that produce a fixed rangeof differentiated varieties of the same goods. We find that a calibrated version ofthe model can account for shifts in schooling supply being mostly absorbed throughwithin-industry increases in the schooling intensity of production even if the elasticityof substitution between varieties is substantially higher than estimates in the literature.

Sitobion graminis Takahashi, 1950 (Hemiptera, Aphididae): first record in Brazil, biological and morphometric parameters

The species Sitobion graminis Takahashi, 1950 (Hemiptera, Aphididae) was first detected in Brazil in 1998, in Curitiba, Paran�� state, associated with the grass species Erianthus sp., Calamagrotis sp. and Paspalum urvilei. Both the field-collected and laboratory-reared specimens presented a noticeable intrapopulational variation in body and appendix length and in dorso-abdominal sclerotization. This species has been recorded in Malaysia, New Guinea, India, Philippines and Africa, where it colonizes several species of Poaceae. S. graminis differs from other Sitobion species from Brazil associated with grasses, as it presents black cauda and siphunculi and exhibits a constriction in the base of the last rostral segment. Biological data were obtained in the laboratory by rearing newborn nymphs on the inflorescence of the host plants. They passed through four nymphal instars. The mean duration of the nymphal stage was of 11.4 days, with a mortality ratio of 36.5%. The mean pre-larviposition period was of 1.8 days; mean longevity of the females was 25.2 days; and mean fecundity was 18.7 nymphs/female, ranging from 2 to 41 nymphs/female.

Partidos Pol��ticos na Democracia Cabo-verdiana: um estudo de caso (1991-2011)

Estudos sobre os partidos pol��ticos nos pa��ses da terceira onda de democratiza����o constituem um grande desafio aos estudiosos das institui����es pol��ticas. A presente pesquisa tem por objectivo analisar a natureza e os determinantes dos partidos pol��ticos cabo-verdianos com representa����o pol��tica. A relev��ncia do estudo compreende-se com o pressuposto de que a forma como estas organiza����es se estruturam internamente, enquanto organiza����es de representa����o pol��tica por excel��ncia, poder�� determinar o processo democr��tico. Pretendemos analisar o surgimento e as estrat��gias de estrutura����o adoptadas, a base eleitoral, formas de financiamento e a consequente aproxima����o ao Estado e a ades��o aos princ��pios democr��ticos dos partidos pol��ticos em an��lise. A abordagem recorre tanto �� teoria cl��ssica dos partidos pol��ticos, nomeadamente a de Michels (1914), Kirchheimer (1966), Duverger (1970), Sartori (1982), como �� teoria mais recente, Katz e Mair (1995) e Panebianco (2005), para compreendermos os partidos pol��ticos cabo-verdianos em democracia.

A Estrutura da Despesa P��blica Cabo -Verdiana no Per��odo 1991 a 2010

Nesta tese analisa-se a Despesa do Sector P��blico Administrativo Cabo-verdiano dos ��ltimos 20 anos. A conclus��o da an��lise descritiva segundo diferentes ��pticas aponta para um ritmo de crescimento m��dio do Or��amento de Investimento superior ao do Funcionamento, prevalecendo este em termos estruturais. Os determinantes explicativos da tend��ncia evolutiva foram as rubricas pessoal e opera����es financeiras e os principais consumidores os minist��rios da Educa����o e da Sa��de. Os governos priorizaram as fun����es redistributivas e de afecta����o e canalizaram o investimento p��blico para impulsionar as actividades privadas. A modeliza����o econom��trica sugeriu que a taxa de varia����o da despesa p��blica foi influenciada negativamente pelas elei����es, altern��ncia governativa e taxa de varia����o da receita e positivamente pelas taxas de crescimento do investimento e do Produto. O teste de causalidade �� Granger entre a vari��vel de interesse e o crescimento econ��mico indiciou a rejei����o da lei de Wagner para Cabo Verde.

Tervehdyssanat Moskovassa 10.6.1950

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