875 resultados para Sexually transmitted infections, Life course epidemiology, Sexual health, Women, Australia
Resumo:
Des etudes recentes ont demontre une augmentation de la prevalence de linfertilite au Canada ainsi quune augmentation fulgurante de lutilisation de la procreation assistee. Le Quebec sest dote en 2010 dun programme de financement de la procreation assistee visant un acces universel ainsi que la protection de la sante des meres et des enfants. Les diverses parties prenantes attribuent un certain nombre de lacunes a ce programme, incluant labsence de mesures de prevention et de promotion de la sante visant a reduire la prevalence de linfertilite. En effet, une proportion significative de cas dinfertilite decoule de facteurs modifiables et relatifs aux modes de vie tels que le tabagisme, les infections transmises sexuellement et par le sang, les problemes de poids, les toxines environnementales et lage. De plus, lage maternel avance ainsi que lusage de la procreation assistee comportent des risques pour la sante des meres et des enfants au sujet desquels la population ne possede pas une connaissance suffisante. Des approches en amont ont ete proposees par diverses organisations et dans divers pays, toutefois, peu ont ete adoptees. Force est de constater que ces initiatives representent de grands defis au point de vue de lacceptabilite sociale, en raison de la nature sensible du sujet et dune grande valorisation sociale de lautonomie reproductive. Lethique des communications en sante permet didentifier ces defis qui touchent lusage de tactiques persuasives, le risque de stigmatisation et lattribution indue dune responsabilite. Si leur elaboration tient compte de ces enjeux, les campagnes de communications en sante ont le potentiel dinformer adequatement la population afin de favoriser lautonomie et la sante reproductive des individus, sans causer de dommage iatrogenique. Lethique de l empowerment , qui requiert lattribution dune responsabilite individuelle de nature prospective, lapport de ressources concretes et limplication des communautes, permet didentifier les besoins en termes de solutions legislatives favorisant des contextes socioeconomiques qui soutiennent la sante reproductive et lautonomie reproductive.
Resumo:
Objective: to review and describe the different organic and psychic consequences of sexual abuse. Methodology: 71 papers were sorted in a ten-year literature search (1987-1997) in MedLine and Lilacs (South American Literature Index), besides 14 books in the subject. Results: sexual abuse is much less frequent (or less reported) in Brazil: 7% of the population, while in the USA the prevalence is 12.9% to 28% of women and 2% to 9% of men. Results showed women being more frequently sexually abused but less differences in physical abuse were found between genders. There was a significant association between sexual abuse and the following: eating disorders, depression, irritable bowel, chronic pain (mainly pelvic), neurological, rheumatic and venereal disorders. This association was not observed in chronic constipation, Chron disease and dissociative disorders. Conclusions: although it is important to think of sexual/physical abuse as a predisposing factor to several illnesses, caution is necessary specially in cultures with different moral and ethical values. Research in this subject in Brazil should be conducted with patients in treatment, using control groups, in order to take advantage of the existing rapport. It would be also quite important to separate acute and chronic abuse effects, as well as getting to know the meaning of the experienced abuse to each person.
Resumo:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Cases of syphilis have increased in frequency and are challenging when affecting the elderly. The main causes of increased prevalence of syphilis are sexual promiscuity, lack of knowledge about the disease and decreasing use of barrier protection. Clinically, the oral manifestation of syphilis may resemble other entities, which hampers the correct diagnosis. We report a case of a 79-year-old male with weight loss and feeding difficulties. In the oral cavity there were ulcerative lesions in the hard palate and bilaterally in the buccal mucosa. The incisional biopsy revealed only a non-specific ulceration of the oral mucosa. After 20 days, the patient was re-evaluated and presented maculopapular lesions in the palmar and plantar areas. Positive serological venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL) tests confirmed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. The patient was treated with Benzathine penicillin G. After two weeks of treatment the oral lesion disappeared and the patient returned to normal feeding and gained weight. This case report reinforces the need to alert physicians and dentists to include sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcerative lesions in elderly sexually active patients. 2013 Australian Dental Association.
Resumo:
As doenas sexualmente transmissveis (DST) esto entre os problemas de sade pblica mais comuns em todo o mundo, principalmente entre os adolescentes, pois eles so mais vulnerveis em relao sexualidade, tanto em pases industrializados como nos em desenvolvimento. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a prevalncia de doenas sexualmente transmissveis em escolares da rede pblica municipal de ensino da rea urbana do municpio de Porto Velho, Estado de Rondnia. Foram investigados 122 alunos da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Marechal Joaquim Vicente Rondon, na faixa etria de 11 a 19 anos, atravs de questionrio de autopreenchimento e coleta de amostras de sangue, secreo uretral e vaginal. O mtodo sorolgico ELISA (Ensaio imunoenzimtico) e a bacterioscopia pelo mtodo de Gram foram os testes utilizados para deteco e identificao de DST. 84,4% dos estudantes responderam saber o que uma DST, 82,8% informaram que usavam preservativo durante as relaes sexuais para prevenir DST, 11,5% no utilizavam o preservativo e 5,7% afirmaram que selecionavam seus parceiros sexuais. Foram examinadas 83 amostras de soro pelo teste ELISA e 41 esfregaos corados pelo mtodo de Gram. A prevalncia encontrada para Chlamydia foi de 65,3% no sexo feminino e 34,6% no sexo masculino. Os agentes biopatognicos encontrados com mais freqncia foram Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans e Trichomonas vaginalis.
Resumo:
Condyloma acuminata caused by human papilloma viruses, (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) appearing most frequently as soft, pink cauliflower like growths in moist areas, such as the genitalia, mouth and other places. The disease is highly contagious, can appear singly or in groups, small or large. In children, the isolation of a sexually transmitted organism may be the first indication that an abuse has occurred. Although the presence of a sexually transmissible agent from a child beyond the neonatal period is suggestive of sexual abuse, exceptions do exist. The authors report the clinical case of a five-year-old Caucasian male with lesions located in the dorsal surfaces of the posterior tongue and palate. Both lesions had a firm consistency, reddish appearance and presence of whitish areas and regions of ulceration. During the interview, the mother reported that the boy had been sexually abused. Sexually transmitted disease may occur during sexual abuse. Dentists as well as pediatricians have a role to play in identifying and treating these children. The diagnosis is essentially clinical (anamnesis and physical examination), but also the use of cytology eventually resorts to biopsy of the suspicious lesions for histological examination. The therapeutic option was the excision of the lesions.
Resumo:
Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
