Imágenes masculinas y violencia simbólica en Delirio de Laura Restrepo (Estudios)

El presente artículo es una aproximación a Delirio (Laura Restrepo, 2004) en el cual la autora realiza un análisis descriptivo señalando ciertas referencias literales de la violencia simbólica masculina, interiorizada y reproducida en el contexto sociocultural colombiano.

La locura femenina en tres novelas latinoamericanas: Pedro Páramo de Juan Rulfo, Nadie me verá llorar de Cristina Rivera Garza y Delirio de Laura Restrepo

La locura femenina y su representación literaria es un tópico en el que recaen una serie de imaginarios, sentidos y formas sobre la subjetividad femenina que dan cuenta de una tradición literaria y de unas tensiones identitarias que están en permanente (re)configuración alrededor de un sistema patriarcal-heternomativo2. El personaje loco como imagen del desvarío y el desorden entraña distintas formas de violencia en tanto sujetos que transgreden las normas de feminidad, masculinidad y sexualidad hegemónicos, asimismo, unas posibilidades de subversión del orden y del “deber ser” femenino que posibilitan el detenimiento en el lugar que se concede al cuerpo, de las opciones de vida y de la toma de conciencia del lugar en el mundo. El presente artículo se detiene en los personajes de Susana en Pedro Páramo (1955) de Juan Rulfo, Matilda en Nadie me verá llorar (1999) de Cristina Rivera Garza y Agustina en Delirio (2004) de Laura Restrepo, con la finalidad de hacer un seguimiento sobre los avatares, tensiones, devenires, formas de violencia y trasgresiones femeninas que en el marco de la locura se despliega.

Cyclic loss of open solar flux since 1868: the link to heliospheric current sheet tilt and implications for the Maunder Minimum

Open solar flux (OSF) variations can be described by the imbalance between source and loss terms. We use spacecraft and geomagnetic observations of OSF from 1868 to present and assume the OSF source, S, varies with the observed sunspot number, R. Computing the required fractional OSF loss, χ, reveals a clear solar cycle variation, in approximate phase with R. While peak R varies significantly from cycle to cycle, χ is surprisingly constant in both amplitude and waveform. Comparisons of χ with measures of heliospheric current sheet (HCS) orientation reveal a strong correlation. The cyclic nature of χ is exploited to reconstruct OSF back to the start of sunspot records in 1610. This agrees well with the available spacecraft, geomagnetic, and cosmogenic isotope observations. Assuming S is proportional to R yields near-zero OSF throughout the Maunder Minimum. However, χ becomes negative during periods of low R, particularly the most recent solar minimum, meaning OSF production is underestimated. This is related to continued coronal mass ejection (CME) activity, and therefore OSF production, throughout solar minimum, despite R falling to zero. Correcting S for this produces a better match to the recent solar minimum OSF observations. It also results in a cycling, nonzero OSF during the Maunder Minimum, in agreement with cosmogenic isotope observations. These results suggest that during the Maunder Minimum, HCS tilt cycled as over recent solar cycles, and the CME rate was roughly constant at the levels measured during the most recent two solar minima.

A Reading by Laura K. Mullen

A reading delivered at Colby College in 1990.

Distribuição espacial, formação de grupos, uso do hábitat e ecologia comportamental de jovens de tubarão limão, negaprion brevirostris (poey 1868), no arquipélago de fernando de noronha

Lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, are common in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, but detailed information about the species in this site is lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the spatial distribution, grouping behavior, habitat use and behavioral ecology of juvenile lemon sharks in the archipelago, and their interaction with some environmental and ecological factors. During 2006 and 2007, the presence and spatial distribution of juvenile sharks were quantified through scuba diving and snorkeling at several sites of the archipelago. In 2008 the habitat use of juvenile sharks was quantified through visual census while snorkeling along 300 x 8 m strip transects. During these transects the grouping behavior of lemon sharks was quantified by ad libitum. Results indicate that Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is used as a nursery area for lemon sharks, and the parturition occurs from November to April. Juveniles preferred using shallower areas available by the tide variation and formed groups only in the presence of adult conspecifics. This preference for shallower habitats and the group behavior probably are anti-predatory tactics used by juvenile lemon sharks, in response to the low availability of shelter and high predation risk of the studied areas. Quantifications of prey availability and predation risk of juveniles showed that, in general, lemon sharks are trading-off food by security and investing in sites with higher possibility of energetic return. Behavioral observations enabled to record juvenile carangid fishes following juvenile lemon sharks, remora host-parasite and juvenile sharks foraging on schools of herrings and octopuses. We also recorded the behavior of juvenile sharks following conspecifics of similar size, circling with two or three individuals and smaller individuals giving way to larger juveniles. When adults are present, juvenile lemon sharks are more social than solitary, indicating that predation is one of the factors that contribute to social behaviors of the species. Results also suggest that when grouped the juveniles have a hierarchical organization according to body size. Furthermore, observation of large adult females with several fresh mating bites and scars in the same habitats used by juvenile lemon sharks, indicates that Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is used as nursery and mating grounds by this species