The Effects of Piece Size and Storage Temperatures on Minimally Processed 'Aurora-1' Peaches

The production of minimally processed fruit has increased significantly in the last few years due to the high nutritional value, convenience and safety of minimally processed fruit. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the conservation temperature and processing conditions on the quality and shelf-life of minimally processed peaches. The processing procedure consisted of washing, sanitization, peeling and stone removal. To remove the stone, the fruit was cut longitudinally, and three types of products were obtained, including halves, quarters and one-eighth segments. The fruit pieces were immersed in 2% ascorbic acid for 3 min and were packed in rigid polystyrene trays (Meiwa (c) M-54) coated with 14 mu m PVC film (Omnifilm (TM)) (about 200 g per pack). The pieces were stored at 65% RH at 3, 6 or 9 degrees C for 12 days, and were evaluated every four days. The appearance, fresh mass loss, color, O-2 and CO2 concentration, acidity, total soluble solids, total and soluble pectin content and ascorbic acid concentration were measured. Minimally processed peaches stored at 3 degrees C maintained higher quality due to control of ripening and senescence Moreover, an interaction effect between one-eighth segments and a temperature of 3 degrees C was observed, and fruit with a superior appearance and higher soluble solids content was obtained.

Photoluminescent behavior of BaWO4 powders processed in microwave-hydrothermal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

BaMoO(4) powders processed in domestic microwave-hydrothermal: Synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence at room temperature

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sintering of tin oxide processed by slip casting

Sintering of SnO 2 compacts, obtained through slip casting, was studied by means of dilatometry, Hg porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and density measurement (Archimedes method). Sintering is strongly influenced by the green microstructure. Moreover, the sintering mechanisms are not dependent on the slurries' solid content up to 50% of solids in volume. Above this value, agglomerates are formed, leading to differential sintering inside and among the agglomerates. Another important point is the reduction of the temperature of maximum shrinkage rate when compared to tin oxide processed by isostatic pressing. This reduction is more accentuated when ammonium hydroxide is added to the suspension. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Minimally processed guava Fruits (Psidium guaiava L.)

'Paluma' guavas, after internal quality evaluation using magnetic resonance tomography, were used to produce fresh-cut product. Fruits were peeled or not, cut in halves and seed removed, and they were packaged in polystyrene trays covered with PVC film or in a PET container with a lid. These packages were stored for 12 days at 5°C, 10°C and ambient temperature (22.6°C). Tomography evaluation verified that impacts produced internal bruising with loss of cellular integrity and liquefication of the placenta tissues. Compression was more evident on the pericarp and cutting promoted superficial deformation. Storage temperature affected the weight loss, with fruit packaged in the polystyrene tray having a greater weight loss. The peeling did not influence weight loss. Product stored at 5°C and 10°C for 8 days had low microbial growth (<103 UFC.g-1) and no coliforms. Rapid spoilage and a short shelf life (3-4 days) occurred when the product was stored at ambient temperature. Peeling reduced ascorbic acid concentration and total soluble solids. Use of calcium to protect fresh-cut products was not efficient. Calcium absorption capacity of 'Pedro Sato' guava was tested using 45Ca. Fruits treated with 2% CaCl2, with or without the radioisotope, were divided in four layers (epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seed) and analyzed for the total and 45Ca calcium. It was observed that the applied calcium remained in superficial layers of45fruits, which was confirmed by autoradiography. Internal layers did not contain 45Ca, indicating that calcium was not distributed into different parts of the fruit.

β-casein gene polymorphism permits identification of bovine milk mixed with bubaline milk in mozzarella cheese

Mozzarella cheese is traditionally prepared from bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) milk, but product adulteration occurs mainly by addition of or full substitution by bovine milk. The aim of this study was to show the usefulnes of molecular markers to identify the admixture of bovine milk to bubaline milk during the manufacturing process of mozzarella cheese. Samples of mozzarella cheese were produced by adding seven different concentrations of bovine milk: 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 12% and 100%. DNA extracted from somatic cells found in cheese were submitted to PCR-RFLP analysis of casein genes: α-s1-CN - CSN1S1 that encompasses 954 bp from exon VII to intron IX (AluI and HinfI), β-CN - CSN2 including 495 bp of exon VII (Hae III and HinfI), and κ-CN - CSN3, encompassing 373 bp of exon IV (AluI and HindIII). Our results indicate that Hae III-RFLP of CSN2exon VII can be used as a molecular marker to detect the presence of bovine milk in mozzarella cheese. Copyright © 2008, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.

Use of a new milk-clotting protease from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 as coagulant and changes during ripening of Prato cheese

Prato cheeses were manufactured using coagulant from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 or a commercial coagulant. Cheeses were characterised using the following analysis: yield; fat; acidity; moisture; ash; salt; pH; total nitrogen; total protein; NS-pH 4.6/NT100; NS-TCA 12%/NT100; casein electrophoresis; and RP-HPLC. The results were statistically analysed and revealed that the proteolytic indices were not significantly different throughout the 60 days of ripening of cheeses made with either coagulant. Even though there were some quantitative differences in the peptide profile of cheeses, the enzyme from T. indicae-seudaticae N31 was used in the production of good quality Prato cheese without having to change the established technological parameters of the process. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Linguiça cuiabana: histórico e aspectos tecnológicos de fabricação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Recommended treatment for processed agricultural products vis-a-vis the Agricultural Marketing Protocol (AMP)

Informa sobre recomendaciones surgidas de un Grupo de Trabajo nombrado por el Consejo de Ministros del Mercado Comun de la Comunidad del Caribe, en lo que se refiere a la comercializacion de productos agricolas procesados

Identificação e caracterização da microbiota lática isolada de queijo mussarela de búfala

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da adição de culturas láticas mesofílicas sobre a qualidade do queijo de coalho

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a característica do queijo de coalho, produzido a partir do leite bovino pasteurizado, mediante a utilização de bactérias láticas mesofílicas do gênero Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris e Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis específicas. As culturas láticas oriundas do Banco de Bactérias Láticas da Universidade Estadual do Ceará foram ativadas junto às instalações do Laboratório de Bactérias Láticas da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia-UFRA, Campus de Belém. As culturas láticas foram ativadas durante três dias consecutivos em Leite Desnatado Reconstituído (LDR) 12% esterilizado e incubadas a 30 °C ± 2 °C, até a coagulação do leite. Após reativação, a cultura industrial foi obtida pela transferência do inoculo de 1% (v/v) para frascos de vidros contendo 500 ml de LDR 12% esterilizado, seguida de incubação a 30 °C ± 2 °C até a coagulação do leite, em seguida a cultura (fermento lático) foi adicionada diretamente no tanque de fabricação contendo o leite pasteurizado, mantendo-se a proporção de 1:1. Para avaliação tecnológica foram utilizados as seguintes culturas láticas isoladas de leite cru: Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (LL); Lactococcus lactis (atípico) (LLA); Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (atípico) (LLCA); Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (LLC),. As porções de Amostras foram retiradas, colocadas em processador de alimentos e processadas até formar uma amostra. Em seguida, foram acondicionadas em frascos estéreis, identificadas e mantidas em freezer para posterior análises de determinação do extrato seco, umidade (%), extrato seco total (EST), gordura (G), gordura no extrato seco (GES), acidez, pH, cloretos, nitrogênio total (NT), nitrogênio solúvel em pH 4,6, nitrogênio solúvel em TCA 12%. O índice de proteólise ou extensão da maturação foi avaliado pela divisão do NT. Para o teste de aceitação utilizou-se a escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos, para avaliar o produto quanto ao aroma, aspecto geral, gosto e textura. O teste de fritura de acordo com metodologia descrita por Cavalcante et al., (2007). As análises microbiológicas das amostras de queijos experimentais nos 1º e 30º dia de maturação, encaminhadas ao Laboratório Central – LACEN, Divisão de Análises de Produtos – DEP. E consistiram em Contagem de bactérias Aeróbias Mesófilas, Determinação de Coliformes. Para o teste de fritura não houve análise estatística. O delineamento utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualisado e foi utilizada a metodologia de modelos mistos para dados longitudinais, com objetivo de modelar a estrutura de (co)variância entre medidas coletadas na mesma unidade experimental em tempos diferentes, por meio do modelo y_ijk=μ+α_i+ δ_(i)+β_k+ α β_ik+ε_ijk. Utilizando-se o programa estatístico Statistical Analysis Systems - SAS (SAS INSTITUTE INC., 1992). Os tratamentos LL e LLA foram reprovados no teste de fritura. Houve ligação entre a característica derretimento com a umidade, acidez e proteólise. Os queijos que apresentaram maiores valores de proteólise apresentaram maior capacidade de derretimento. As amostras de queijo coalho tiveram boa aceitabilidade no teste de aceitação.

Elaboração e caracterização do “Queijo Marajó”, tipo creme, de leite de búfala, visando sua padronização

Este trabalho objetivou a elaboração e caracterização físico-química, microbiológica e sensorial do “Queijo Marajó”, tipo creme, processado com leite de búfala, além de avaliar sua vida de prateleira, durante 28 dias, e rendimento econômico. Foram produzidos derivados em dois locais (Local A - Universidade do Estado do Pará e Local B - Laticínio, de Soure, Pará). Foram determinados no leite e no queijo, os níveis de umidade, lipídeo, proteína, carboidrato, valor calórico, acidez, pH, bactérias mesófilas, coliformes a 35°C e 45°C, bolores e leveduras, Staphylococus aureus e Salmonella. Apenas no queijo foram realizadas análises de colesterol e minerais. A análise sensorial constou de perfil de características e teste de aceitação. A similaridade das médias das variáveis físico-químicas do leite de búfala indicou que ele foi adequado para a elaboração de derivado padrão. Nenhuma amostra de leite apresentou contaminação por coliformes, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella. A maior contaminação foi constatada para bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e bolores e leveduras. Os teores de gordura no extrato seco e de umidade classificaram o derivado como gordo e de média umidade. O “Queijo Marajó” apresentou-se dentro dos padrões estabelecidos para alimento de qualidade, até o 21º de armazenamento. Os atributos sensoriais mais perceptíveis e que caracterizaram o perfil sensorial do derivado foram cor branca, aromas lácteo e ácido, gostos ácido e salgado e maciez. O Teste de Aceitação indicou que o queijo foi muito apreciado pelos provadores. Para elaborar adequadamente o “Queijo Marajó” há necessidade de Boas Práticas de Fabricação, dentro as quais se destacam o controle da acidez e da gordura do leite e da massa usada para o derivado, padronização da quantidade de creme, de cloreto de sódio e sorbato de potássio adicionados, além da higiene na obtenção do leite e processamento.

Performance of UASB reactors in two stages followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in wastewater batch of wet-processed coffee

In this study it was evaluated the efficiency of the treatment of wet-processed coffee wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in two stages, in bench scale, followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in batch. The first UASB reactor was submitted to an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.2 d and organic loading rates (OLR) of 2.3 and 4.5g CODtotal (L d)-1, and the second UASB reactor to HRT of 3.1 d with OLR of 0.4 and 1.4g CODtotal (L d)-1. The average values of the affluent CODtotal increased from 13,891 to 27,926mg L-1 and the average efficiencies of removal of the CODtotal decreased from 95 to 91%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages. The volumetric methane production increased from 0.274 to 0.323L CH4 (L reactor d)-1 with increment in the OLR. The average concentrations of total phenols in the affluent were of 48 and 163mg L-1, and the removal efficiencies in the UASB reactors in two stages of 92 and 90%, respectively, and increased to 97% with post-treatment. The average values of the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus were of 57 to 80% and 44 to 60%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages and increased to 91 and 84% with the post-treatment.

Effect of fructooligosaccharides on the physicochemical properties of sour cassava starch and baking quality of gluten-free cheese bread

The present research was undertaken to explore the influence of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the functional and thermal properties of sour cassava starch and the quality characteristics of gluten-free (GF) cheese bread. Fructooligosaccharides were used to replace sour cassava starch at substitution level of 9% (SF1), 17% (SF2), and 29% (SF3). The functional and thermal properties of the starch-FOS mixtures were determined by the water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), pasting profile analysis, thermal transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization. Moreover, the GF cheese breads with starch-FOS mixtures were analyzed for height, diameter, weight, specific volume and dough moisture content. The sample with the highest FOS content (SF3) presented the lowest WAI (1.44), peak (62.4 rapid visco units (RVU), breakdown (53.4 RVU), final (13.8 RVU), and setback (4.9 RVU) viscosities, dough moisture content (31.7%), and enthalpy of gelatinization (9.5 J/g) and the highest WSI (29.4%) and pasting temperature (69.1 degrees C). The height, diameter and specific volume of GF cheese bread samples made from sour cassava starch were 3.14 cm, 6.35 cm, and 1.49 cm(3)/g, respectively. The SF1 mixture samples resulted in a 3.01 cm height, 6.34 cm diameter, and 1.55 cm(3)/g specific volume. According to Brazilian food labeling regulations, the latter product cannot be categorized as a good source of fiber because the minimum level of fiber per portion was not reached.