Oviposition and reproductive performance of a generalist parasitoid (Trichogramma pretiosum) exposed to host species that differ in their physical characteristics

The response of generalist egg parasitoids to alternative natural hosts that are present simultaneously is not well known. We investigated the behavior of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in relation to two field hosts Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius, in choice and no choice tests. We quantified the effects of natal host species and post-emergence adult age on the oviposition preference of the parasitoids. H. armigera eggs were consistently preferred over S. litura eggs, regardless of the natal host and adult age. When only S. litura eggs were available as hosts, they were parasitized at statistically similar rates to H. armigera eggs (average of 17 +/- 2.7 vs. 13 +/- 3.0, H. armigera to S. litura). The adult lifespan and lifetime fecundity of T. pretiosum were variable but were affected by natal host species and/or host species to which they were exposed. Mean lifespan and fecundity of parasitoids that had developed in H. armigera eggs and were exposed to H. armigera eggs for oviposition were 13.9 +/- 1.8 days and 98.7 +/- 11.0 adult offspring. By contrast, those that developed in S. litura eggs and were exposed to S. litura eggs for oviposition lived for 7 +/- 0.9 days and produced 53.8 +/- 8.0 adult offspring. The ovigeny index (OI) was significantly lower in the parasitoids exposed to H. armigera eggs than in those exposed to S. litura eggs, regardless of the natal host, indicating that H. armigera eggs sustain the adult parasitoids better than S. litura eggs. These results are used to predict parasitoid behavior in the field when both hosts are available. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of trypsin inhibitor from Crotalaria pallida seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly)

GOMES, Carlos E. M. et al. Effect of trypsin inhibitor from Crotalaria pallida seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris), v. 43, n. 12, p. 1095-1102, 2005.ISSN 0981-9428. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.11.004.

Effect of trypsin inhibitor from Crotalaria pallida seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly)

GOMES, Carlos E. M. et al. Effect of trypsin inhibitor from Crotalaria pallida seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris), v. 43, n. 12, p. 1095-1102, 2005.ISSN 0981-9428. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.11.004.

Purificação, caracterização e atividade bioinseticida de um inibidor de tripsina de sementes de Crotalaria pallida

A proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor was purified from Crotalaria pallida seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation, affinity chromatography on immobilized Trypsin-Sepharose and TCA precipitation. The trypsin inhibitor, named ITC, had Mr of 32.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE and was composed by two subunits with 27.7 and 5.6 kDa linked by disulphide bridges, a typical characteristic of Kunitz-Inhibitor family. ITC was stable until 50°C, and at 100°C its residual activity was of about 60%. Also, ITC was stable at pHs 2 to 12. The inhibition of trypsin by ITC was non-competitive, with a Ki of 8,8 x 10-7M. ITC inhibits weakly other serine proteinases such as chymotrypsin and elastase. The inhibition of papain (44% of inhibition), a cysteine proteinase was an indicative of the bi-functionality of ITC. In vitro assays against digestive proteinases from several Lepdoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera pests were made. ITC inhibited in 100% digestive enzymes of Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), Spodoptera frugiperda and Alabama argillacea, the last one being a cotton pest. It also inhibited in 74.4% Callosobruchus maculatus (bean weevil) digestive enzymes, a Coleoptera pest. ITC, when added in artificial diet models, affected weakly the development of C. capitata larvae and it had a WD50 of 2.65% to C. maculatus larvae

Recombinant expression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor for quantitative ligand-binding analysis

Recombinant expression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) yields small amounts of ligand- binding competent AhR. Therefore, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells and baculovirus have been evaluated for high level and functional expression of AhR. Rat and human AhR were expressed as soluble protein in significant amounts. Expression of ligand-binding competent AhR was sensitive to the protein concentration of Sf9 extract, and co-expression of the chaperone p23 failed to affect the yield of functional ligand-binding AhR. The expression system yielded high levels of functional protein, with the ligand-binding capacity (Bmax) typically 20- fold higher than that obtained with rat liver cytosol. Quantitative estimates of the ligand-binding affinity of human and rat AhR were obtained; the Kd for recombinant rat AhR was indistinguishable from that of native rat AhR, thereby validating the expression system as a faithful model for native AhR. The human AhR bound TCDD with significantly lower affinity than the rat AhR. These findings demonstrate high-level expression of ligand-binding competent AhR, and sufficient AhR for quantitative analysis of ligand-binding.

Resposta da lagarta-do-cartucho à aplicação do fosfito em milho doce e divergência genética de populações de lagartas-da-espiga

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2016.

Pragas da cultura de milho (Zea mays, L.) e seu inimigo natural Doru sp. na região de Guaíra-SP.

1995

Verificacao da atividade inseticida de alguns vegetais brasileiros.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas 30 espécies vegetais, quanto a atividade inseticida. Dessas espécies foram preparados 240 extratos a partir das diferentes partes dos vegetais, utilizando hexano, etanol, acetona e solução hidroalcoolica como líquidos extratores. Os testes foram efetuados contra os insetos: Mosca domestica, Ceratilis capitata, Zambrotes subfasciatus, Spodoptera frugiperda e Anthonomus grandis. Dos vegetais testados, apenas os extratos das sementes de Annona cacan, A. crassiflora, A. squamosa e raízes de Potomorphe umbellata apresentaram alguma atividade.

Serologies use in the identification of insects predators prey.

This study aimed to produce antiserum for the main pests found in maize, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea and armigera, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and uses it to determine their predators. Pest samples were macerated in 0.85% saline solution. The macerated were centrifuged and the supernatants were used as immunizing antigens to obtain the antiserum. For this purpose, a rabbit was immunized with 3.0 ml of the immunizing antigen on the lymph node region. Homologous serological tests were performed by double diffusion in agar. The homologous serological reactions were positive after seven days of antigen inoculation. The technique has sensitivity to detect predation of the pests studied. The tests were positive for a prey in the digestive tract of the predator to 96 hours of ingestion. Regarding the number of prey ingested there was no difference in the lines. It is concluded that after a single injection of antigen in rabbit lymph node region, it was possible to get an antiserum specific for pests of corn. Field tests showed that there was a certain food preference of Doru luteipes by S. frugiperda, Chrysoperla externa by aphid.

Sinérgico alternativo para o manejo da resistência da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho a piretróides.

A importância da utilização de sinergistas está relacionada à minimização da quantidade de inseticida químico necessária para o controle de insetos, podendo contribuir com a diminuição da contaminação ambiental e com a preservação de insetos benéficos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sinergia e a homogeneidade de resposta de lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) a subdose do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. (OPA) em combinações com formulações de piretróides comparadas ao butóxido de piperonila (PBO). Foram obtidos fatores de sinergismo (FS) para comparação dos tratamentos entre si. Por contato residual, evidenciou-se significativa potencialização dos inseticidas formulados com lambda-Cialotrina (FS= 87,7), Deltametrina (FS= 1,7 -35,9) e beta-Ciflutrina (FS= 45,0 -58,0). Já por contato tópico, ocorreu significativa potencialização dos inseticidas lambda-Cialotrina (FS= 5,7 ? 5,8), Deltametrina (FS= 6,0) e beta-Ciflutrina (FS= 5,3) quando em combinação com o óleo essencial. Com exceção de lambda-Cialotrina ½ e ¼ PA contato tópico e de beta-Ciflutrina ½ e ¼ OPA contato residual, as demais combinações sinérgicas apresentaram homogeneidade de resposta tanto por contato tópico como residual para pelo menos uma das combinações sinérgicas com o OPA. As combinações do OPA com os piretróides avaliados podem indicar ser este óleo essencial uma opção ao PBO.

Estudo da antixenose da lagarta-do-cartucho em sorgo.

2016

Índice de adaptação da lagarta-do-cartucho em diferentes tipos de sorgo.

2016

Ocorrência de insetos em espigas de milho em sistema de policultivo.

2016

Resistência natural de milho à lagarta-do-cartucho.

2016

Suscetibilidade de híbridos de sorgo biomassa e sacarino à lagarta-do-cartucho.

2016