A intimidade em performances autobiográficas

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Modèles de travail et performances sociales : Une étude de cas du travail infirmier dans les unités de soins critiques d’un centre hospitalier de la région de Québec

Cette thèse porte sur l’évolution des conditions de travail et d’emploi des infirmières d’une unité de soins intensifs d’un centre hospitalier pendant une dizaine d’années. Afin de suivre l’évolution des conditions de travail et d’emploi, l’auteur a d’abord participé à deux enquêtes quantitatives qui dressaient le portrait de l’évolution des facteurs psychosociaux du travail de ces infirmières. À la lumière des résultats de ces enquêtes, les infirmières débutantes estimaient bénéficier d’une charge de travail moins élevée et d’une plus grande autonomie que les plus expérimentées (Lapointe et collab., 2011). Par ses travaux qualitatifs menés à l’été 2013, l’auteur propose une explication aux résultats de ces enquêtes. Considérant les ressources limitées et l’imposition de contraintes budgétaires, les infirmières gestionnaires du projet ont été confrontées à des choix difficiles et elles ont dû procéder à certains arbitrages. En somme, elles ont tenté de concilier une conception humaniste des soins infirmiers avec les préceptes d’une idéologie gestionnaire. Il s’agissait d’une tentative de concilier les objectifs du projet (doter les infirmières de meilleures conditions de travail et d’emploi) avec des impératifs économiques (respecter le budget accordé par le Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux). Les plus jeunes infirmières ont bénéficié de ce projet de réorganisation du travail alors que les plus anciennes sont beaucoup plus critiques quant à sa valeur et ses impacts. En période d’austérité budgétaire, le budget de fonctionnement d’une unité de soins est insuffisant pour assurer des conditions de travail et d’emploi adéquates aux infirmières. Les équipes de travail infirmier risquent d’être déstabilisées et la qualité des soins est potentiellement menacée. Différentes tensions caractérisent les rapports sociaux du travail. Quant à la mise en oeuvre d’un modèle qui démocratise le travail, elle s’avère difficile. Pourtant, même en période de crise, une implantation même partielle de ce modèle de travail a permis de stabiliser les équipes de travail infirmier de cette unité de soins et d’améliorer les caractéristiques psychosociales de travail.

Effects of pitch area-restrictions on tactical behavior, physical and physiological performances in soccer large-sided games

The aim of this study was to identify how pitch area-restrictions affects the tactical behavior, physical and physiological performances of players during soccer large-sided games. A 10 vs. 9 large-sided game was performed under three experimental conditions: (i) restricted-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where players were assigned and they should not leave it; (ii) contiguous-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where the players were only allowed to move to a neighboring one; (iii) free-spacing, the players had no restrictions in space occupation. The positional data were used to compute players’ spatial exploration index and also the distance, coefficient of variation, approximate entropy and frequency of near-in-phase displacements synchronization of players’ dyads formed by the outfield teammates. Players’ physical and physiological performances were assessed by the distance covered at different speed categories, game pace and heart rate. Most likely higher values were found in players’ spatial exploration index under free-spacing conditions. The synchronization between dyads’ displacements showed higher values for contiguous-spacing and free-spacing conditions. In contrast, for the jogging and running intensity zones, restricted-spacing demanded a moderate effect and most likely decrease compared to other scenarios (~20-50% to jogging and ~60-90% to running). Overall, the effects of limiting players’ spatial exploration greatly impaired the co-adaptation between teammates’ positioning while decreasing the physical and physiological performances. These results allow for a better understanding of players’ decision-making process according to specific task rules and can be relevant to enrich practice task design, such that coaches acknowledge the differential effect by using specific pitch-position areas restrictions.

Lipofenoli: sintesi e valutazione delle performances antiossidanti in un sistema reale

Il lavoro si è articolato in due parti: sintesi di una molecola antiossidante (lipofenolo), che in prospettiva dovrà essere prodotta a partire da sottoprodotti dell’industria alimentare. La molecola ottenuta, già studiata nello sviluppo di emulsioni, è stata in questo lavoro testata nella formulazione di prodotti da forno, nei quali l’ossidazione lipidica è un processo difficilmente controllabile, se non con l’impiego di grassi saturi, come palma o strutto e sego. L’ossidazione incide profondamente sulla qualità e sulla sicurezza dell’alimento. È per questo che numerosi studi si sono rivolti, in questi anni, verso i meccanismi di antiossidazione nei sistemi reali. Partendo da una panoramica sui sottoprodotti della filiera alimentare, in questo lavoro si è ottimizzata una reazione di lipofilizzazione tra tirosolo e acido oleico e si è impiegato il prodotto nella formulazione tarallini per verificarne l’effettiva capacità di allungare la shelf life del prodotto ritardando l’insorgenza dell’ossidazione, con esiti più che soddisfacenti evidenziati dai dati ottenuti tramite tecniche di ossidazione forzata (Oxitest®) , analisi della componente volatile (SPME-GC-MS) e misurazione del numero di perossido.

Influence of application mode of universal adhesives on bond strength performances and enzymatic activity of coronal and radicular dentin

Objective: The aims of this thesis were to analyze the application mode of the universal adhesives (UA) and to give instructions for clinical procedures. The etching mode of UA on the bond strength to dentin and on the risk of retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation and post-operative sensitivity (POS) was analyzed by two systematic reviews. Three in vitro studies were conducted: 1) evaporation mode of a UA on coronal dentin; 2) cementation approach on radicular dentin; 3) adhesion of metal brackets to enamel. Materials and methods: Two systematic review were conducted firstly, then in vitro study to investigate the evaporation mode in presence or not of pulpal pressure by means of μTBS, and the enzymatic activity using in situ zymography, at T0 and T6. The cementation of a fiber into radicular dentin with different resin-cements was studied, by push-out bond strength evaluation. Orthodontic brackets were cemented according to 4 adhesive protocols and shear bond strength test was conducted. Two adhesive removal techniques were evaluated, and spectrophotometry was used. Results: The probability of POS occurrence was less in SE. SEE approach seems to perform better than SE. Air-drying resulted in higher μTBS. Suction-evaporation, aging and ER mode increased MMPs activity. Differences in NL expression were present at T0 for fiber post study, and the aging produced an increase in marginal infiltration. Brackets cemented with new universal cement with previous etchant application showed good μTBS values. Conclusion: SEE performed better than SE and TE with UA in terms of uTBS. Evaporating with air-drying is better for UA in terms of uTBS and enzymatic activity. Aging and choice of resin cement for cementation of fiber posts influenced the PBS. Brackets cementation with a new resin- cement seems to offer the highest bond strength and leaves more cement remnants after the bracket removal.

The cosmic ray tagger of the ICARUS detector: construction, commissioning and performances in the first physics run

The Short Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab aims to confirm or definitely rule out the existence of sterile neutrinos at the eV mass scale. The program will perform the most sensitive search in both the nue appearance and numu disappearance channels along the Booster Neutrino Beamline. The far detector, ICARUS-T600, is a high-granularity Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber located at 600 m from the Booster neutrino source and at shallow depth, thus exposed to a large flux of cosmic particles. Additionally, ICARUS is located 6 degrees off axis with respect to the Neutrino beam from the Main Injector. This thesis presents the construction, installation and commissioning of the ICARUS Cosmic Ray Tagger system, providing a 4 pi coverage of the active liquid argon volume. By exploiting only the precise nanosecond scale synchronization of the cosmic tagger and the PMT optical flashes it is possible to determine if an event was likely triggered by a cosmic particle. The results show that using the Top Cosmic Ray Tagger alone a conservative rejection larger than 65% of the cosmic induced background can be achieved. Additionally, by requiring the absence of hits in the whole cosmic tagger system it is possible to perform a pre-selection of contained neutrino events ahead of the full event reconstruction.

Comparison of the seismic performances of a steel frame building equipped with different geometrical configurations of Crescent Shaped Braces

The Crescent Shaped Brace (CSB) is a new simple steel hysteretic device proposed to be used as an enhanced diagonal brace in framed structures. The CSB allows the practical designer to choose the lateral stiffness independently from the yield strength of the device, due to its peculiar ad-hoc shape. In the present thesis, a complete study referring to different CSB configurations has been presented. After the validation of the hysteretic capacities of the Crescent Shaped Braces, the seismic concept of the "enhanced first story isolation" system has been proposed within the PBSD. It relies on the total separation between the Vertical Resisting System (VRS) and the Horizontal Resisting System (HRS) in order to attain a certain objective curve of the structure. An applicative example has been studied following this concept and exploiting the advantages of the CSBs as seismic dissipative devices used for the HRS. Then several geometrical configurations called Single CSB system, Single 2 CSB system, Double CSB system, Coupled CSB system, Coupled with high length CSB system, and the final one was Cross bracing system have been introduced and modelled with SAP2000 and the results have been compared.

Valutazione delle performances di nuove colture starter in salami prodotti industrialmente

Le colture starter sono preparazioni comprendenti una o più specie microbiche aggiunte per condurre i processi fermentativi, con risvolti positivi sulle caratteristiche tecnologiche e igienico-sanitarie dei prodotti ottenuti. Questa tesi si inserisce in un progetto europeo volto a sfruttare la biodiversità microbica di salumi dell'area del Mediterraneo, utilizzandoli come fonte di isolamento di batteri lattici (LAB) da proporre come nuove colture starter e/o bioprotettive. Prove preliminari hanno permesso di selezionare un numero ridotto di LAB, considerati sicuri, che in questa tesi sono stati studiati per il loro potenziale tecnologico (cinetiche di crescita a 20°C) per valutarne l’attitudine ad essere utilizzati in salami prodotti a livello industriale. Sulla base di queste prove effettuate in laboratorio, 4 ceppi (Latilactobacillus sakei 2M7 e SWO10, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum BPF2, Latilactobacillus curvatus KN55) sono stati utilizzati per la produzione di salami a livello industriale, confrontando le loro performances con uno starter commerciale utilizzato comunemente in azienda. I risultati hanno mostrato come tutti i ceppi siano stati in grado di sviluppare nella matrice con cinetiche simili, anche se questa acidificazione non ha limitato il contenuto di enterobatteri, ad eccezione del campione controllo, dove tuttavia i LAB hanno mostrato una ridotta capacità di persistenza. Il ceppo BPF2 ha ridotto significativamente il contenuto di tiramina nel prodotto finito. L’analisi dei metaboliti volatili ha evidenziato un diverso accumulo di prodotti derivanti dallo sviluppo dei LAB (es. acidi, aldeidi), anche se tali differenze erano difficilmente percepibili a livello olfattivo e tutti i salami presentavano un odore gradevole. Ulteriori prove saranno necessarie per garantire la qualità microbiologica del prodotto finito (controllo degli enterobatteri) e per effettuare anche test sensoriali, al fine anche di favorire la differenziazione dei prodotti.

Development of a novel heat treatment for high performances L-PBF Ti6Al4V alloy: microstructural and mechanical characterization

This work presents the experimental development of a novel heat treatment for a high performance Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti6Al4V alloy. Additive manufacturing production processes for titanium alloys are particularly of interest in cutting-edge engineering fields, however, high frequency laser induced thermal cycles generate a brittle as built microstructure. For this reason, heat treatments compliant with near net shape components are needed before their homologation and usage. The experimental campaign focused on the development of a multi-step heat treatment leading to a bilamellar microstructure. In fact, according to literature, such a microstructure should be promising in terms of mechanical properties both under static and cyclic loads. The heat treatment development has asked for the preliminary analyses of samples annealed and aged in laboratory, implementing several cycles, differing for what concerns temperatures, times and cooling rates. Such a characterization has been carried out through optical and electron microscopy analyses, image analyses, hardness and tensile tests. As a result, the most suitable thermal cycle has been selected and performed using industrial equipment on mini bending fatigue samples with different surface conditions. The same tests have been performed on a batch of traditionally treated samples, to provide with a comparison. This master thesis activity has finally led to the definition of a heat treatment resulting into a bilamellar microstructure, promising in terms of fatigue performances with respect to the traditionally treated alloy ones. The industrial implementation of such a heat treatment will require further improvements, particularly for what concerns the post annealing water quench, in order to prevent any surface alteration potentially responsible for the fatigue performances drop. Further development of the research may also include push-pull fatigue tests, crack grow propagation and residual stresses analyses.

Random Access Procedures in 5G IoT via NTN: System level performances

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical pillar in the digital transformation because it enables interaction with the physical world through remote sensing and actuation. Owing to the advancements in wireless technology, we now have the opportunity of using their features to the best of our abilities and improve over the current situation. Indeed, the Internet of Things market is expanding at an exponential rate, with devices such as alarms and detectors, smart metres, trackers, and wearables being used on a global scale for automotive and agriculture, environment monitoring, infrastructure surveillance and management, healthcare, energy and utilities, logistics, good tracking, and so on. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) acknowledged the importance of IoT by introducing new features to support it. In particular, in Rel.13, the 3GPP introduced the so-called IoT to support Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN).As these devices will be distributed in areas where terrestrial networks are not feasible or commercially viable, satellite networks will play a complementary role due to their ability to provide global connectivity via their large footprint size and short service deployment time. In this context, the goal of this thesis is to investigate the viability of integrating IoT technology with satellite communication (SatCom) systems, with a focus on the Random Access(RA) Procedure. Indeed, the RA is the most critical procedure because it allows the UE to achieve uplink synchronisation, obtain the permanent ID, and obtain uplink transmission resources. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate preamble detection in the SatCom environment.

Generative Neural Networks for image iper-resolution and improvement of Optical Character Recognition's performances

The usage of Optical Character Recognition’s (OCR, systems is a widely spread technology into the world of Computer Vision and Machine Learning. It is a topic that interest many field, for example the automotive, where becomes a specialized task known as License Plate Recognition, useful for many application from the automation of toll road to intelligent payments. However, OCR systems need to be very accurate and generalizable in order to be able to extract the text of license plates under high variable conditions, from the type of camera used for acquisition to light changes. Such variables compromise the quality of digitalized real scenes causing the presence of noise and degradation of various type, which can be minimized with the application of modern approaches for image iper resolution and noise reduction. Oneclass of them is known as Generative Neural Networks, which are very strong ally for the solution of this popular problem.

Desempenho analítico de laboratórios prestadores de serviço na determinação de metais em águas

Analytical laboratories are expected to produce reliable results. Decision makers are guided in their actions (financial, legal and environmental) using analytical data provided by numerous laboratories. This work aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of Brazilian laboratories on producing trustworthy results. Nineteen laboratories, accredited and non-accredited ones, were contracted to analyze a USGS (United States Geological Survey) certified water sample for 17 chemical elements (mostly metals) without knowing the origin of the sample. Considering all the results produced, only 35% of them were valid. Three laboratories present satisfactory performances, whereas the majority showed a very poor overall performance. The outcomes of this work show the need for a more effective analytical quality program to Brazilian laboratories.

Mapeamento de semeaduras de soja (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) mediante dados MODIS/Terra E TM/Landsat 5: um comparativo

The objective of this work was to compare the soybean crop mapping in the western of Parana State by MODIS/Terra and TM/Landsat 5 images. Firstly, it was generated a soybean crop mask using six TM images covering the crop season, which was used as a reference. The images were submitted to Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood digital classification algorithms, followed by visual inspection. Four MODIS images, covering the vegetative peak, were classified using the Parallelepiped method. The quality assessment of MODIS and TM classification was carried out through an Error Matrix, considering 100 sample points between soybean or not soybean, randomly allocated in each of the eight municipalities within the study area. The results showed that both the Overall Classification (OC) and the Kappa Index (KI) have produced values ranging from 0.55 to 0.80, considered good to very good performances, either in TM or MODIS images. When OC and KI, from both sensors were compared, it wasn't found no statistical difference between them. The soybean mapping, using MODIS, has produced 70% of reliance in terms of users. The main conclusion is that the mapping of soybean by MODIS is feasible, with the advantage to have better temporal resolution than Landsat, and to be available on the internet, free of charge.

Evaluation of the performance of different plastics used to seal nylon cDNA arrays

cDNA arrays are a powerful tool for discovering gene expression patterns. Nylon arrays have the advantage that they can be re-used several times. A key issue in high throughput gene expression analysis is sensitivity. In the case of nylon arrays, signal detection can be affected by the plastic bags used to keep membranes humid. In this study, we evaluated the effect of five types of plastics on the radioactive transmittance, number of genes with a signal above the background, and data variability. A polyethylene plastic bag 69 μm thick had a strong shielding effect that blocked 68.7% of the radioactive signal. The shielding effect on transmittance decreased the number of detected genes and increased the data variability. Other plastics which were thinner gave better results. Although plastics made from polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride (both 13 μm thick) and polyethylene (29 and 7 μm thick) showed different levels of transmittance, they all gave similarly good performances. Polyvinylidene chloride and polyethylene 29 mm thick were the plastics of choice because of their easy handling. For other types of plastics, it is advisable to run a simple check on their performance in order to obtain the maximum information from nylon cDNA arrays.

Acompanhamento de indicadores de crescimento físico, maturação biológica, qualidade óssea e desempenho motor, em jovens praticantes de atletismo

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física