991 resultados para Rhenanus, Beatus, 1485-1547.


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

溪流倒木是森林生态系统对水生态系统最重要、最直观的输入和干扰之一 ,也是两系统之间的主要联结 ,对于溪流生态系统的稳定、水生生物多样性、河槽形态及其变化过程有着重要的作用。重点对长白山北坡溪流倒木现存量进行了调查和研究 ,在调查的红松阔叶林植被带内 45 0 0 m长河道内 ,共发现溪流倒木 42 5株 ,分属于 1 7个树种 ;其中 、 级腐烂占相当大的比重 ,与林地倒木 、 级腐烂占优有所不同 ,其原因可能与分解环境的不同有关。所有溪流倒木的总材积为 77.98m3,故溪流倒木的现存量为 1 .73 3 m3/1 0 0 m和 1 0 .83 m3/hm2 。溪流倒木的树种组成和不同树种的材积与河岸带植被密切相关 ,但存在差异。研究表明林分形成倒木并进入河流在时间上可能是均匀或随机的 ,但不同树种间 ,其形成倒木并进入河流时的树木材积或生长年龄存在较大差异。溪流倒木和林地活立木的个体数量的径级分布基本上为反 J型 ,而它们材积的径级分布均为典型的 J型

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在辽宁省昌图县前双井镇以引进的 6个无性系新品种杨树为材料 ,用乡土杨富杂Ⅱ号为对照作栽培比较试验 ,观察其生长量、抗寒性、感病性、感虫性等指标 ,用评分法评价各品种综合表现的优劣 .结果表明 ,N 119杨各项指标明显地超过对照 ,并优于其它品种 ,可扩大栽培 ;赛路杨生长量明显地超过本地乡土杨 ,且感病性、抗寒性等方面等于或接近对照 ,有一定的引种价值 .

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以中国科学院沈阳生态实验站的裸地和撂荒地为研究对象,采用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法,研究裸地和撂荒地土壤线虫总数及各营养类群的空间分布特征.结果表明,裸地和撂荒地植物寄生线虫与土壤pH呈显著负相关;撂荒地土壤线虫总数的平均值显著大于裸地,分别为每百克干土1485.3和464.0条;撂荒地土壤线虫总数、植物寄生线虫和食细菌线虫的块金值/基台值(27.3%~45.6%)低于裸地(49.5%~100%),裸地和撂荒地土壤线虫总数及各营养类群的空间分布格局均有明显差异,表明植被覆盖对土壤线虫的空间分布有较大影响.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Y2(1-x) Gd2xSiWO8 : A ( 0 <= x <= 1; A= Eu3+, Dy3+, Sm3+, Er3+) phosphor films have been prepared on silica glass substrates through the sol - gel dip-coating process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra as well as lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of the XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 800 degrees C and crystallized completely at 1000 degrees C. The AFM and SEM study revealed that the phosphor films, which mainly consisted of closely packed grains with an average size of 90 - 120 nm with a thickness of 660 nm, were uniform and crack free. Owing to an efficient energy transfer from the WO42- groups to the activators, the doped lanthanide ion ( A) showed its characteristic f - f transition emissions in crystalline Y2(1-x) Gd2xSiWO8 (0 <= x <= 1) films. The optimum concentrations for Eu3+, Dy3+, Sm3+, Er3+ were determined to be 21, 5, 3 and 7 mol% of Y3+ in Y2SiWO8 films, respectively.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption and polymerization method was developed for the controllable preparation of polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles within ultrathin films. By repetitive adsorption of pyrrole and subsequent polymerization with 12-molybdophosphoric acid, the polyelectrolyte multilayer films containing PPy nanoparticles were fabricated. UV-visible absorption spectrocopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cyclic voltammograras (CVs) were used to characterize the PPy nanoparticles and their multilayer thin films. UV-visible spectra indicate that the growth of PPy nanoparticles was regular and occurred within the polyelectrolyte films. The size of prepared PPy nanoparticles was found by TEM to increase with the increasing of polymerization cycles. The electrochemistry behavior of the multilayer thin films was studied in detail on ITO. The results suggest that the LbL adsorption and polymerization method developed herein provides an effective way to prepare PPy nanoparticles in the polymer matrix.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A sol-gel approach has been developed to prepare polyimide-TiO2, hybrid films fi om soluble polyimides and a modified titanium precursor. The rate of the hydrolysis reaction of titanium alkoxide can be controlled by using acetic acid as a modifier. FTIR and XPS indicated that TiO2, particles were well distributed in polyimide matrixes with particle size small per than 60 nm. Polyimide hybrid films having the TiO2, component less than or equal to 10% exhibited high thermal stability, high optical transparency and good mechanical properties and possessed higher dielectric constants than correspondingly polyimides. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

273 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for grain-size distributions using grain-size class vs. standard deviation method and end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA) in order to investigate the evolution of the East Asian mon-soon since about 20 Ma. 10-19 mu m/1.3-2.4 mu m, the ratio of two grain-size populations with the highest variability through time was used to indicate East Asian winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The mass accumulation rate of the coarsest end member EM1 (eolian), resulting from EMMA, can be used as a proxy of winter monsoon strength and Asian inland aridity, and the ratio of EM1/(EM2+EM3) as a proxy of winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The combined proxies show that a profound enhancement of East Asian winter monsoon strength and winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon occurred at about 8 Ma, and it is possible that the summer monsoon simultaneously intensified with winter monsoon at 3 Ma. Our results are well consistent with the previous studies in loess, eolian deposion in the Pacifc, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera in the SCS. The phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau may have played a significant role in strengthening the Asian monsoon at 8 Ma and 3 Ma.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以3S技术为手段,研究了藏羚在青海最主要分布区曲麻莱、治多和可可西里境内藏羚生境状况及其坡度、道路、和居民点对藏羚生境的影响。通过野外考察基本掌握了藏羚的生境的基本特征,取得了考察路线附近区域内藏羚分布的GPS数据及其具有对应的数量、地形地貌、生境类型、人类活动状况等属性数据的藏羚分布点图层。对研究地区LANDSAT TM / ETM+ 5(红)、4(绿)、3(蓝)波段组合影像进行非监督分类,共分出水体和裸岩、沼泽地、沙地、砾石地、低草地、中草地和高草地7种生境类型,将藏羚生境适宜等级划分为不适宜、较差、适宜和非常适宜,其中适宜等级和非常适宜等级的生境类型为藏羚适宜的生境。 首先,将藏羚分布点图层分别和遥感影像假彩色合成图像、坡度图层、道路图层、居民点图层进行叠加分析、距离查询等分析了遥感影像非监督分类的判图依据,设立了坡度、道路、居民点对藏羚生境影响强度的评价原则。然后,通过对研究地区遥感影像进行非监督分类分析研究了藏羚不同适宜程度的生境面积。通过坡度分析和地图查询分析研究了坡度对藏羚生境的影响。通过缓冲区分析研究了道路和居民点对藏羚生境的影响。最后将坡度、道路和居民点三个因素结合起来通过地图综合查询分析研究了这三个因素对藏羚生境的综合影响,并给出了研究地区藏羚不同适宜等级的生境面积。 主要的研究结果和结论如下: 1、从不同类型生境在研究地区中所占比例的趋势上看,治多地区和曲麻莱地区的植被要明显优于可可西里地区,这与整个研究地区从西北到东南地势逐渐降低、水热条件逐渐变好的趋势相一致,至少可以说,从食物条件来看,治多地区和曲麻莱地区比可可西里地区更适于藏羚的栖息。 在曲麻莱地区藏羚的潜在生境面积共26861 km2,占该地区总面积的69%;在治多地区藏羚的潜在生境面积共21617 km2,占该地区总面积的68%;在可可西里地区藏羚的潜在生境面积共26398 km2,占该地区总面积的54%。 2、根据藏羚分布点图层与坡度分析图层的地图查询分析,把藏羚的生境按坡度分为2类,坡度小于等于30度时为适宜生境,坡度大于30度时为不适宜生境。将研究地区坡度栅格图像(grid文件)和非监督分类结果栅格图像(grid文件)进行地图查询分析,结果表明,在整个研究地区坡度大于30度的生境面积所占的比例不到总面积的3%,坡度影响下研究地区藏羚适宜栖息的生境面积变化不大。考虑到坡度的影响,曲麻莱、治多和可可西里适合藏羚栖息的面积分别为26663 km2(68%)、21187 km2(66%)和26350 km2(54%)。 3、根据最近原则连接藏羚分布点图层与道路图层空间数据,通过Distance综合查询分析,把道路对藏羚的影响程度划分为4个等级:距离道路0-1000m,强烈影响;距离道路1000-2000m,中度影响;距离道路2000-3000m,轻度影响;距离道3000m以外,无影响。然后在ArcView GIS 3.2a软件环境的支持下对研究地区的道路图层分别做距离道路为1000m、2000m和3000m的缓冲区分析研究,则曲麻莱、治多和可可西里地区藏羚生境受道路累计影响的面积及其分别占各研究地区总面积的比例分别为20215 km2(51.80%)、19480 km2(61%)和4437 km2(9 %)。考虑道路对藏羚生境的影响,在治多和曲麻莱地区,由于道路的影响将使得藏羚生境大面积丧失,生境高度破碎化。 4、根据最近原则连接藏羚分布点图层与居民点图层空间数据,通过Distance综合查询分析,把居民点对藏羚的影响程度划分为4个等级:距离居民点0-3000m,强烈影响;距离居民点3000-6000m,中度影响;距离居民点6000-9000m,轻度影响;距离居民点9000m以外,无影响。然后在ArcView GIS 3.2a软件环境的支持下对研究地区的居民点图层分别做距离居民点距离为3000m、6000m和9000m的缓冲区分析。曲麻莱、治多和可可西里地区藏羚生境受居民点影响的面积及其分别占总面积的比例分别为11282 km2(29%)、15258 km2(48%)和3846 km2(8%)。从居民点对藏羚生境的影响看,由于居民点的影响使得治多和曲麻莱地区,尤其是治多地区,藏羚生境大面积丧失,生境高度破碎化。 5、人类活动(主要是道路和居民点)对藏羚生境适宜生境面积的影响是研究中主要的内容,鉴于道路和居民点对藏羚生境影响的评价原则分类方法一致,我们把道路和居民点对藏羚的影响程度合并为4个等级(距离道路0-1000m内或距离居民点0-3000m内,强烈影响;距离道路1000-2000m内或距离居民点3000-6000m内,中度影响;距离道路2000-3000m内或距离居民点6000-9000m内,轻度影响;距离道路3000m以外或距离居民点9000m以外,无影响,对道路和居民点相应距离的缓冲区分析图层进行合并等操作,测定曲麻莱、治多和可可西里地区藏羚生境受人类活动影响的面积及其占总面积的比例分别为21595 km2(55%)、22271 km2(70%)和4775 km2(10%)。 在治多和曲麻莱地区,由于人类活动的影响使得藏羚生境大面积丧失,生境高度破碎化,尤其是治多地区,影响面积达将近70%。在可可西里地区,10%的影响面积虽然不是太大,但是近几年来由于各种形式的旅游日趋升温,尤其是青藏铁路建设开通,将增加道路对藏羚生境的影响程度。人类活动影响在研究地区分布极不平均,在曲麻莱的中东部、治多的东部以及可可西里的109国道附近人类活动影响的强度较大,在这些地区藏羚的生存条件恶劣,甚至部分地区已经不适合藏羚栖息了。 6、最后,基于研究地区的坡度grid图层、非监督分类grid图层以及不同程度人类活动影响的grid图层,对不同坡度、道路和居民影响的生境面积进行综合查询分析。把人类活动对藏羚生境的影响强度重新划分为如下3个等级,A、短距离影响,距离道路1000m或距离居民点3000m范围内的影响,也就是人类活动的强烈影响;B、中距离影响,距离道路2000m或距离居民点6000m范围内的影响,也就是人类活动的强烈影响和中度影响之和;C、长距离影响,距离道路3000m或距离居民点9000m范围内的影响,也就是人类活动的强烈影响、中度影响和轻度影响的总和。曲麻莱、治多和可可西里研究地区中坡度小于等于30度并且人类活动长距离范围影响下藏羚适合栖息的生境面积及占相应研究地区总面积的比例为12597 km2(32%)、6117km2(19%)和23564km2(48%)。 在研究地区,治多地区人类活动对藏羚生境适宜性的影响最为严重,其次为曲麻莱地区,而可可西里地区的人类活动影响较小。尤其是治多地区和曲麻莱地区,当人类活动的影响最大距离时,治多地区藏羚适宜生境面积竟然不到总面积的1/5,曲麻莱地区不到1/3。这两地区人类活动主要集中在东部,导致治多东部地区和曲麻莱中东部地区几乎没有藏羚分布。于是,由于人类活动的影响,使得拥有良好生境条件的治多和曲麻莱地区适合藏羚栖息的生境却较少,而生境条件相对较差的可可西里地区反而拥有相对较多的适合藏羚栖息的生境。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文阐述了CIMS环境下信息集成平台中基于开放式客户/服务器结构的系统使能器技术的地位、功能及其在CIMS环境下的实现结构,并结合CIMS的具体应用工厂SBCIMS讨论了CIMS环境下基于系统使能器技术的信息集成结构。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

利用带能谱的扫描电子显微镜、电子探针,在黔西南的煤中发现了主要由氯和镉组成的矿物,镉对环境和人体健康有巨大的危害,但煤中镉的含量一般远低于它在地壳中的丰度,所以人们对于煤中镉的关注程度较低。镉矿物的发现对于认识镉在成煤过程中的行为和燃煤可能造成的镉污染具有积极的意义