A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees

Bipolar mood disorder (BP) is a debilitating syndrome characterized by episodes of mania and depression. We designed a multistage study to detect all major loci predisposing to severe BP (termed BP-I) in two pedigrees drawn from the Central Valley of Costa Rica, where the population is largely descended from a few founders in the 16th–18th centuries. We considered only individuals with BP-I as affected and screened the genome for linkage with 473 microsatellite markers. We used a model for linkage analysis that incorporated a high phenocopy rate and a conservative estimate of penetrance. Our goal in this study was not to establish definitive linkage but rather to detect all regions possibly harboring major genes for BP-I in these pedigrees. To facilitate this aim, we evaluated the degree to which markers that were informative in our data set provided coverage of each genome region; we estimate that at least 94% of the genome has been covered, at a predesignated threshold determined through prior linkage simulation analyses. We report here the results of our genome screen for BP-I loci and indicate several regions that merit further study, including segments in 18q, 18p, and 11p, in which suggestive lod scores were observed for two or more contiguous markers. Isolated lod scores that exceeded our thresholds in one or both families also occurred on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 15, 16, and 17. Interesting regions highlighted in this genome screen will be followed up using linkage disequilibrium (LD) methods.

The minimal overlap rule: restrictions on mergers for creditors’ consensus

As it is known, there is no rule satisfying additivity in the complete domain of bankruptcy problems. This paper proposes a notion of partial additivity in this context, to be called μ-additivity. We find out that this property, together with two quite compelling axioms, equal treatment of equals and continuity, identify the minimal overlap rule, introduced by O’Neill (Math. Soc. Sci. 2:345–371, 1982).

Los paises de la América latina,

Cover-title: América latina.

La guerra y la democracia,

Mode of access: Internet.

Valor social del conocimiento histórico discursos leidos ante la Real academia de la historia en la recepción pública del Excmo.

"Discurso del ... Sr. Duque de Alba": p. [39]-47.

La trata de blancas : conferencia leída bajo la presidencia de S.A.R. la Serma, Infanta Isabel de Borbón /

Mode of access: Internet.

Manual completo de desamortización civil y eclesiastica /

Mode of access: Internet.

Manual de desamortización civil y eclesiástica /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ley de enjuiciamiento civil : comentada y explicada... con los formularios ... y un repertorio alfabético.../

Contiene: vol. I - II - III - IV - V - VI, apéndice a los cinco tomos.

Boletín de la Revista general de legislación y jurisprudencia /

Mode of access: Internet.

Código de comercio concordado y anotado : precedido de una introducción histórico-comparada, y seguido de la Ley del Enjuiciamiento sobre los negocios y causas de comercio, y de un Repertorio alfabético de la legislación y del procedimiento mercantil /

Mode of access: Internet.

Código de comercio español : concordado y anotado, precedido de una introduccion historico-comparada, y seguido de la Ley de enjuiciamiento sobre los negocios y causas de comercio /

Mode of access: Internet.

Refutacion completa del sistema del contagio de la peste y demas enfermedades epidémicas en general : reflexiones escritas /

Mode of access: Internet.

El pulpo /

Mode of access: Internet.