Percepción del riesgo biológico en el personal asistencial en un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Bogotá.

OBJETIVOS: Identificar la percepción del riesgo biológico de los trabajadores asistenciales del Hospital Central de la Policía Nacional en la ciudad de Bogotá. METODOS: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal para describir la percepción acerca del riesgo biológico en 159 trabajadores asistenciales de un hospital de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia), la información se recolectó por medio de la utilización de la encuesta validada nota técnica 578 (Portell M, Solé M, 2001). Se realizó la caracterización de la población por variables de sexo, edad, tiempo de experiencia y servicio al cual pertenece y se promediaron las respuestas obtenidas para cada ítem encuestado, obteniendo una clasificación para cada dimensión de percepción de riesgo baja (1 a 3), media (4 a 5) o alta (6 a 7). Resultados: De los 159 trabajadores asistenciales encuestados el 80.4% eran de género femenino, el 22.2% pertenecían al servicio de urgencias, el 16,5% al servicio de medicina interna y el 9.5% al servicio de pediatría, de los encuestados el 62.9% fueron auxiliares de enfermería, el 21,4% enfermeras jefes y el 6.9% médicos. Se obtuvo una percepción de riesgo alta (media aritmética mayor de 5) para todas las variables incluidas en la encuesta, demostrando conocimiento de todo el personal acerca de la alta exposición a accidentes de tipo biológico. No se encontró asociación entre la labor desempeñada y la percepción del riesgo biológico, sin embargo, se encontró una asociación entre el tiempo de experiencia del trabajador y una disminución en la magnitud del riesgo percibido (Chi cuadrado de asociación, p=0.042). Conclusiones: Los trabajadores asistenciales identifican la magnitud del riesgo biológico al que se encuentran expuestos en sus labores del día a día, sin embargo, es necesaria una mayor participación por parte del personal directivo y de los responsables de la prevención en temas de reacción ante accidentes y en la valoración del riesgo, especialmente en personas que llevan mucho tiempo desempeñando la labor.

The potential of digital interactive television for the provision of healthcare and wellness services

The potential of digital interactive television (iDTV) to promote original services, formats and contents that can be relevant to support personal health care and wellness of individuals, namely elderly people, has not been yet fully explored in the past. Therefore, in a context of rapid change of the technological resources, in which the distribution and presentation of content comes associated with new platforms (such as digital terrestrial TV and IPTV), it is important to perceive the configurations that are being developed for interactive digital TV (iDTV) that may result in relevant outcomes within the field of healthcare and wellness, with the aim of offering complementarity to the existing services and contents made available today via the traditional means and media. This article describes and discusses the preliminary results of the first part of the research project iDTV-HEALTH: Inclusive services to promote health and wellness via digital interactive television. These first results suggest that iDTV solutions may represent a real contribution to delivery healthcare and wellness to the target population, namely as a supplement to health services provision.

Envelhecimento de Idosos Institucionalizados : Formação de Auxiliares de Ação Direta na Associação Casapiana de Solidariedade

Esta tese que agora se apresenta sob a forma de projeto profissional tem como objetivo reforçar o processo de formação e qualificação em exercício de auxiliares de ação direta da Associação Casapiana de Solidariedade (ACS) reportando-se a uma prática nela levada a cabo. Esta é uma questão de extrema pertinência no âmbito do envelhecimento e do envelhecimento com dependência de idosos institucionalizados. Atualmente os lares de idosos são espaços de convivência, das mais variadas proveniências culturais e com necessidades múltiplas. Estes idosos necessitam de apoio para as atividades da vida diária. As auxiliares de ação direta são os profissionais mais aptos à realização desta função, as mesmas prestam cuidados básicos e pessoais aos idosos, essenciais à sua qualidade de vida diária. A ACS preocupa-se com a melhoria dos cuidados e por isso promove o acesso a formações, inclusive prestadas em contexto de trabalho. Neste projeto profissional evidenciamos o trabalho exercido por estas profissionais e a necessidade de formação das mesmas. Analisamos a formação em exercício realizada na ACS considerando-a como uma boa prática a ser desenvolvida pelas IPSS. Verificamos que esta prática é um dos meios para melhorar as competências destes profissionais e promover a qualidade de serviços aos mais velhos.

A qualidade de vida na população idosa do concelho da Sertã : estudo exploratório

O presente estudo debruçou-se sobre a Qualidade de Vida na População Idosa do Concelho da Sertã, em diferentes contextos habitacionais: em regime de instituição (lar ou centro de dia) e em regime de residência própria sem estarem associados a qualquer instituição. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com dois objectivos principais: 1) conhecer e comparar a qualidade de vida dos idosos do concelho da Sertã em diferentes regimes habitacionais; 2) construir um questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida no idosos, que englobe as 8 grandes dimensões da qualidade de vida no idoso: 1) Bem Estar Emocional, 2) Relações Interpessoais, 3) Bem Estar Material 4) Desenvolvimento Pessoal, 5) Bem Estar Físico, 6) Auto-determinação 7) Inclusão Social, 8) Direitos e, a avaliação global da qualidade de vida. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 60 idosos do concelho da Sertã, escolhidos aleatoriamente, com idade superior a 65 anos. Foram entrevistados, através do questionário construído pela investigadora, 30 idosos institucionalizados (idade média: 82; 40% mulheres) e 30 idosos sem estarem associados a qualquer instituição (idade média: 75,23; 33,3% mulheres). Os primeiros revelam maior percepção de boa qualidade de vida, atribuindo à Instituição um contributo positivo e fundamental no seu “bem-estar físico” e nas “relações interpessoais”. Os idosos que se encontram sem qualquer apoio institucional, revelam menor satisfação na sua qualidade de vida, principalmente no âmbito do “bem-estar físico”, do “bem-estar emocional”, da “inclusão social” e das “relações interpessoais”.

“Alterações nas Queixas Subjetivas de Memória e na Escala de Depressão Geriátrica em adultos e idosos em Portugal estão associadas a um suplemento alimentar”: Revisitado

Para avaliar o efeito da suplementação de fosfatidilserina nos resultados obtidos na Escala de Queixas de Memória (EQM) e na Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG), um grupo de adultos e idosos saudáveis (n= 915) com idade 65,65 ± 11,10 anos, e com um nível de scolaridade de 7,56 ± 4,56 anos participaram do estudo. Os participantes foram submetidos a Avaliação Breve do Estado Mental ABEM), Escala de Queixas de Memória (EQM) e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG). Quatro indivíduos apresentaram disfunção cognitiva, 874 queixas de memória apresentadas e 436 estavam acima do ponto de corte para a EDG. Subsequentemente, um grupo de mulheres (n= 48) utilizaram a suplementação de fosfatidilserina durante 4 semanas. A suplementação de fosfatidilserina, ao longo de 4 semanas reduziu significativamente os valores EQM (p=0,000) e de EDG (p=0,009) neste grupo de mulheres.

ENABLE - a view on user's needs

The ENABLE project, which is partly funded by the European Commission, aims to assist elderly people to live well, independently and at case. In this project a wrist unit with both integrated and external sensors, and with a radio frequency link to a mobile phone. will be developed. ENABLE will provide a number of services for elderly people. among them also a remote control service for the home environment. This paper briefly describes the project in general and then focuses on the initial user needs investigation which was carried Out in early 2007 in six different European countries. The provisional findings are discussed and an outlook on the ongoing and future project work is given. A special focus of this paper is on the environmental control service.

Sexuality in older age: essential considerations for healthcare professionals

This review describes the fact that many elderly people enjoy an active sex life and examines the evidence against the general perception of an 'asexual' old age. It offers an overview of the evidence for healthcare professionals who had not previously considered the sexuality of their older patients. It also describes some of the sexual problems faced by older people, especially the difficulties experienced in disclosing such problems to healthcare professionals. It examines why healthcare professionals routinely avoid discussing sexual problems with older patients, and how this can be improved. It also offers some recommendations for future research in the area, as well as a word of caution regarding the temptation of over-sexualising the ageing process.

Impact of serving method on the consumption of nutritional supplement drinks: randomised trial in older adults with cognitive impairment

Aim: To analyse the influence of serving method on compliance and consumption of nutritional supplement drinks in older adults with cognitive impairment. Background: Oral nutritional supplement drinks have positive benefits on increasing nutritional status within undernourished elderly people leading to weight gain. However, consumption of these drinks is low and therefore limits their effectiveness. Design: This study was a non blind randomised control trial where participants either consumed nutritional supplement drinks in a glass/beaker or consumed them through a straw inserted directly into the container. Method: Participants with longstanding cognitive impairment were recruited from nursing homes (n=31) and hospitals (n=14). Participants were randomised to serving method. Nursing and care staff were instructed to give the supplement drinks three times per day on alternate days over a week by the allocated serving method. The researcher weighed the amount of supplement drink remaining after consumption. Data were collected over 12 months in 2011-2012. Results: 45 people participated in this study mean age 86.7 (SD 7.5 ) years. After randomisation there was no significant difference between the baseline characteristics of the two groups. Participants randomised to consume nutritional drinks from a glass / beaker drank significantly more than those who consumed them via a straw inserted directly into the container. However, supplements allocated to be given in a glass/beaker were more frequently omitted. Conclusion: Nutritional supplement drinks should be given to people with dementia who are able to feed themselves in a glass or a beaker if staffing resources allow (NIHR CSP ref 31101).

Routing protocols and quality of services for security based applications using wireless video sensor networks

Wireless video sensor networks have been a hot topic in recent years; the monitoring capability is the central feature of the services offered by a wireless video sensor network can be classified into three major categories: monitoring, alerting, and information on-demand. These features have been applied to a large number of applications related to the environment (agriculture, water, forest and fire detection), military, buildings, health (elderly people and home monitoring), disaster relief, area and industrial monitoring. Security applications oriented toward critical infrastructures and disaster relief are very important applications that many countries have identified as critical in the near future. This paper aims to design a cross layer based protocol to provide the required quality of services for security related applications using wireless video sensor networks. Energy saving, delay and reliability for the delivered data are crucial in the proposed application. Simulation results show that the proposed cross layer based protocol offers a good performance in term of providing the required quality of services for the proposed application.

A cross layer protocol based on mac and routing protocols for healthcare applications using Wireless Sensor Networks

Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in healthcare systems has had a lot of attention in recent years. In much of this research tasks like sensor data processing, health states decision making and emergency message sending are done by a remote server. Many patients with lots of sensor data consume a great deal of communication resources, bring a burden to the remote server and delay the decision time and notification time. A healthcare application for elderly people using WSN has been simulated in this paper. A WSN designed for the proposed healthcare application needs efficient MAC and routing protocols to provide a guarantee for the reliability of the data delivered from the patients to the medical centre. Based on these requirements, A cross layer based on the modified versions of APTEEN and GinMAC has been designed and implemented, with new features, such as a mobility module and routes discovery algorithms have been added. Simulation results show that the proposed cross layer based protocol can conserve energy for nodes and provide the required performance such as life time of the network, delay and reliability for the proposed healthcare application.

MAC protocols and mobility management module for healthcare applications using Wireless Sensor Networks

Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in healthcare systems has had a lot of attention in recent years. In much of this research tasks like sensor data processing, health states decision making and emergency message sending are done by a remote server. Many patients with lots of sensor data consume a great deal of communication resources, bring a burden to the remote server and delay the decision time and notification time. A healthcare application for elderly people using WSN has been simulated in this paper. A WSN designed for the proposed healthcare application needs efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols to provide a guarantee for the reliability of the data delivered from the patients to the medical centre. Based on these requirements, the GinMAC protocol including a mobility module has been chosen, to provide the required performance such as reliability for data delivery and energy saving. Simulation results show that this modification to GinMAC can offer the required performance for the proposed healthcare application.

MAC protocols and mobility management module for healthcare applications using wireless sensor networks

Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in healthcare systems has had a lot of attention in recent years. In much of this research tasks like sensor data processing, health states decision making and emergency message sending are done by a remote server. Many patients with lots of sensor data consume a great deal of communication resources, bring a burden to the remote server and delay the decision time and notification time. A healthcare application for elderly people using WSN has been simulated in this paper. A WSN designed for the proposed healthcare application needs efficient MAC and routing protocols to provide a guarantee for the reliability of the data delivered from the patients to the medical centre. Based on these requirements, the GinMAC protocol including a mobility module has been chosen, to provide the required performance such as reliability for data delivery and energy saving. Simulation results show that this modification to GinMAC can offer the required performance for the proposed healthcare application.

Cross layer based protocols for energy aware and critical data delivery related applications using wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been an exciting topic in recent years. The services offered by a WSN can be classified into three major categories: monitoring, alerting, and information on demand. WSNs have been used for a variety of applications related to the environment (agriculture, water and forest fire detection), the military, buildings, health (elderly people and home monitoring), disaster relief, and area or industrial monitoring. In most WSNs tasks like processing the sensed data, making decisions and generating emergency messages are carried out by a remote server, hence the need for efficient means of transferring data across the network. Because of the range of applications and types of WSN there is a need for different kinds of MAC and routing protocols in order to guarantee delivery of data from the source nodes to the server (or sink). In order to minimize energy consumption and increase performance in areas such as reliability of data delivery, extensive research has been conducted and documented in the literature on designing energy efficient protocols for each individual layer. The most common way to conserve energy in WSNs involves using the MAC layer to put the transceiver and the processor of the sensor node into a low power, sleep state when they are not being used. Hence the energy wasted due to collisions, overhearing and idle listening is reduced. As a result of this strategy for saving energy, the routing protocols need new solutions that take into account the sleep state of some nodes, and which also enable the lifetime of the entire network to be increased by distributing energy usage between nodes over time. This could mean that a combined MAC and routing protocol could significantly improve WSNs because the interaction between the MAC and network layers lets nodes be active at the same time in order to deal with data transmission. In the research presented in this thesis, a cross-layer protocol based on MAC and routing protocols was designed in order to improve the capability of WSNs for a range of different applications. Simulation results, based on a range of realistic scenarios, show that these new protocols improve WSNs by reducing their energy consumption as well as enabling them to support mobile nodes, where necessary. A number of conference and journal papers have been published to disseminate these results for a range of applications.

Anhörigas upplevelser i samband med vård av en äldre person i hemmet : En litteraturöversikt

SAMMANFATTNINGSyftet: Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att studera hur anhöriga till äldre personer upplevde sin situation i i samband med att de vårdade sina äldre hemma, hur de hanterade sin situation, samt vilka strategier de använde sig av för att hantera sin roll som anhörigvårdare. Metod: Databaserna Cinahl och Medline användes i sökningarna efter relevanta artiklar. Sökord som användes var relative and older people and home care, home health care and family caregiver elderly people, family caregivers and care givers of aging people, elderly people and family care givers of aging people, family care givers of older people, family caregivers and frail elderly, family caregiver and older people and home care, home care older people and family caregivers older people, family caregivers older people. Efter genomläsning bedömdes 16 artiklar vara användbara i resultatet. Dessa kom från vetenskapliga tidskrifter och artiklarna innehöll både kvalitativa studier som kvantitativa studier. Resultat: De flesta anhörigvårdare var kvinnor, de kunde uppleva en högre belastning än män. De anhöriga påverkades både mentalt, fysiskt och emotionellt. De kände sig bundna men kunde även känna ett välbefinnande i vården av den äldre personen. Anhöriga upplevde sin roll som anhörigvårdare till äldre personer i hemmen som att de var delaktiga i omsorgen genom praktiskt som känslomässigt stöd. Deras situation hade även inverkan på deras upplevelse av stress och hur de hanterade situationen. En del äldre anhörigvårdare var själva äldre och i behov av hjälp. Konsekvenserna av deras reaktioner/upplevelser beskrevs som både subjektiv och objektiv belastning. Samt att de även var mindre benägna att söka stöd i form av avlastning för sina äldre personer. Slutsats: Rollen som anhörigvårdare till äldre personer som vårdas i hemmen innebar förändringar i anhörigas livssituation, de fick ta ett stort ansvar för den äldre personen. De upplevde stora påfrestningar både känslomässigt som praktiskt, många kände sig ensamma utan stöd, andra hade olika sätt att hantera sin situation. Äldre anhörigvårdare var mer utsatta för belastning av olika skäl när de vårdade äldre personer i hemmet, dels var de själva äldre samt att de själva kunde vara i behov av hjälp för sina hälsoproblem. Kvinnorna var den grupp anhörigvårdare som upplevde störst belastning i vården av äldre personer i hemmet. När det gällde att söka hjälp och stöd såg det olika ut bland anhörigvårdarna, trots att kvinnorna upplevde störst belastning var de minst benägna att söka hjälp.

Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av palliativ vård för äldre personer på särskilda boenden : En kvalitativ studie

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av palliativvård i livets slutskede på särskilda boenden i kommunal vård. Metod: Studien hade kvalitativdeskriptiv design och data samlades in med hjälp av enskilda intervjuer med niosjuksköterskor och analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalys.Resultatet: Studien visade fyra teman: Att ha fungerande rutiner i arbete, Att teamarbetetfungerar är viktigt, Att ha en ömsesidig relation och Att ha kompetens i palliativ vård.Slutsats: Att ha fungerande rutiner för palliativ vård medförde att all vårdpersonal kundearbeta mot samma mål och att kontinuitet skapades. Andlig vård kunde utvecklas genom attdet ska finnas rutin för utvärdering och diskussion om detta. Ett gott teamarbete förhindradesav tidsbrist och underbemanning men underlättades av stöd från kollegor. Möjlighet att byggaupp tillit i relationen, respektera den äldres värdighet och närståendes behov var viktigt för engod vårdkvalitet. Utbildning och kompetens till all vårdpersonal behövs för att höja kvaliteteninom palliativ vård.