Morte e ressurreição da SUDAM: uma análise da decadência e extinção do padrão de planejamento regional na Amazônia

A SUDAM foi extinta em maio de 2001 sob o argumento oficial de que a Instituição estava infiltrada de fraudes e corrupção. Portanto, alegando pressão da opinião pública, o Estado brasileiro extinguiu sumariamente essa Instituição (assim como a SUDENE) e a política de incentivo fiscais que fomentava o desenvolvimento regional no país. Esta tese sustenta a argumentação oposta de que a corrupção não se constituiu em fator determinante para a extinção da SUDAM, mas sim que esse processo decorreu da incapacidade do Estado brasileiro de continuar mantendo o padrão de financeira ocorrente desde os anos oitenta. Inúmeras medidas de política econômica foram tomada pelo Estado que diminuíram os recursos financeiros movimentados pelo Fundo de Investimento da SUDAM, restringindo conseqüentemente a capacidade operacional da Instituição na manutenção dos repasses de recursos para os projetos incentivados e no financiamento de novos projetos na região. Ao se extinguir a SUDAM e a sua política de incentivos fiscais, foi automaticamente extinto o funding sobre o qual se constituiu o padrão de financiamento de desenvolvimento regional concebido desde meados dos anos sessenta e assim sendo, ficou a região sem uma alternativa de financiamento viável e aceitável para o se desenvolvimento. A criação de um novo funding em torno da nova Instituição, a ADA, sem a existência de incentivos fiscais, não se mostrou vantajoso para o capital privado, inviabilizando a demanda por esses recursos. Como alternativa política o governo está se esforçando para criar a SUDAM, mas sem a vinculação dos incentivos fiscais, o que não aconteceu até agora, retardando a ressurreição da Instituição.

Universidades públicas: das contribuições do conhecimento na Pós-Graduação ao desenvolvimento regional

Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma análise a respeito da contribuição do conhecimento adquirido na pós-graduação para o Desenvolvimento Regional, fundamentando-se em duas correntes: uma que defende a ideia tradicional do investimento em ciência básica como elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento econômico de qualquer região e a outra que defende a interdisciplinaridade como resposta a fragmentação causada por uma epistemologia de cunho positivista que vem ocupando cada vez mais espaço nas universidades brasileiras com a ampliação crescente de programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu, perante a necessidade que a sociedade do conhecimento, informacional e globalizada, impõe à ciência moderna como solução para essa nova forma organizacional. A pesquisa baseou-se na coleta de dados secundários e estes foram analisados através dos coeficientes de correlação, de especialização e de reestruturação. Os resultados dos mesmos mostraram que apesar das regiões estarem em fase de desenvolvimento, a desigualdade regional ainda limita o processo de inovação do país, sendo este um dos fatores que impede o crescimento econômico equitativo das regiões.

Amazônia: mineração, tributação e desenvolvimento regional

Neste artigo, apresentam-se algumas lógicas que fundamentam a tributação, a cobrança de royalties e o estabelecimento de favores fiscais, analisando-se as possibilidades de usar essas compensações para favorecer a articulação da mineração com dinâmicas de enraizamento social do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que na Amazônia não há políticas públicas de concessão de favores fiscais que induzam as empresas mineradoras a adotar comportamentos que contribuam para o desenvolvimento regional. Constata-se também que as alíquotas de royalties fixadas no Brasil são relativamente baixas, o que se deve mais a uma apropriação desigual do poder político do que a uma restrição microeconômica.

Redes de distribuição de energia e desenvolvimento regional na Amazônia Oriental

Há no senso comum a visão que disponibilidade de energia está associada à crescimento econômico, ou mesmo, com desenvolvimento local/regional. A questão a ser abordada neste artigo é a relação entre a expansão das redes de distribuição de energia elétrica e das demais redes logísticas com o desenvolvimento regional. Particularmente, relacionamos mudanças no tamanho das cidades e a evolução da estrutura de consumo de energia, tomadas como os principais indicadores dessa relação, de modo a entrever algumas tendências de reestruturação sócio-espacial no Sudeste do Pará. O resultado, porém, foi que, não obstante a expansão da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica, o problema da desigualdade permanece. Concluímos ainda que o desenvolvimento regional depende do grau de cobertura do território pelas redes logísticas, sem garantia, contudo, de que a emergência destas redes sejam acompanhadas por efeitos de descentralização e (re)estruturação das atividades econômica no Sudeste do Pará, em específico, e na Amazônia oriental, em geral.

Colonização japonesa, história econômica e desenvolvimento regional do estado do Pará

Este artigo apresenta um panorama geral da história econômica das mesorregiões do estado do Pará, principalmente ao longo do século XX, analisando-se também os fatos históricos e econômicos mais relevantes que caracterizam a trajetória dos 70 anos dos japoneses na região nordeste do Pará, a mais atrasada do estado. Nessa região, os japoneses conseguiram lançar as bases e consolidar o empreendimento associativo de pequenos produtores agrícolas mais bem sucedido da Amazônia, a atual Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu, que se constitui no único arranjo produtivo local efetivo em território paraense.

Desenvolvimento regional e meio ambiente: desafios para a construção da região metropolitana de Bogotá (Colômbia)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Política de desenvolvimento e estruturação do espaço regional da área da Bodoquena em Mato Grosso do Sul

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hidrovia e desenvolvimento regional: estudo dos projetos de desenvolvimento dos vales do Tietê e Paraná no Estado de São Paulo

"This paper aims to examine three regional development plans proposed for the region of the valleys of rivers Tietê and Paraná: Rail Project (ISCO, 1994), the Development Plan (CESP, 1996) and Máster Plan (ADTP, 1996). The interest in conducting the study relies on the possibility that it may contribute to the debate on the reshaping of public policy and style necessary to establish a new pattern of regional development in the country"

A nova política nacional de desenvolvimento regional: uma análise sobre as estratégias de desenvolvimento territorial para o Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Guidelines for the Brazilian ceramic sector strategic development, based on a comparison with the Italian market

Based on a structured literature review, the ceramic tiles sector of Italy (benchmark) and Brazil (2nd world producer and consumer) are compared, under four strategic factors: normative, market, technology and strategic management, in order to identify critical risks for a national strategic sector. The document aims to propose guidelines for a strategic re-planning of the Brazilian ceramic tiles sector, making the Brazilian producers aware of the national market fragility (in spite of its recent remarkable evolution) and helping the policy makers to reflect on the need of reviewing the strategic planning methods and practice, of designing new targeted programs (based on coherence between operation and business strategies), of providing improved management to strengthen the sector against unfair competition by low-cost producers, enhancing the necessary infrastructure in technology, work, marketing and quality management. The analysis is limited to the single-firing production technology. The wide-coverage strategic analysis of the Brazilian ceramic tiles sector, very little studied until now in a scientific way, emphasizes the importance of applying research methodology and may be valuable to both scholars and practitioners. Additionally, it highlights the need of investments in innovation (product design and production technology) and the fundamental role of the sector organization, identifying different dimensions. It is possible to conclude that the recent Brazilian production growth is not due to a natural strengthening because of the hit of the sector and of correct enterprises strategy, but it seems the result of a temporary and favorable economic contingency.

Metropolitan and regional health planning: dilemmas of the Pact for Health in the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Area, Sao Paulo State, Brazil

This paper focuses on the relationship between metropolitan and regional health planning based on the processes of regionalization and the Pact for Health in the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Area, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The method used was a case study in two stages, namely during initial implementation of the Pact for Health (2007) and the Regional Administration Committees (CGR) and in 2010. Municipal and regional health systems managers and the director of the Metropolitan Agency were interviewed, and records were analyzed from ten years of meetings of the Regional Inter-Administration Committee and the Regional Development Council. Four issues emerged: financing and infrastructure; health services utilization; inefficiency of the Regional Health Administration's instruments and decision-making levels; and the relationship between different levels in the Administration. Metropolitan health management remained as an underlying issue, appearing only incidentally or tangentially to regional management. Despite some limitations, the CGR has been legitimized as a space for regional health management.

Essays on Ethnic Diversity and Development

This dissertation consists of three papers. The first paper "Ethnicity, Migration and Conflict: Evidence from Contemporary South Africa” exploits some of the institutional changes intervened in South Africa during the end of apartheid to investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and conflict. I find within-ethnic polarization to be significantly related to the intensity of armed confrontations among black-dominated groups. My investigation thus gives strong and robust empirical support to the theoretical arguments which identify ethnic diversity as one of the determinants of civil conflict. The second chapter, "Pre-Colonial Centralization, Colonial Activities and Development in Latin America", investigates the hypothesis that pre-colonial ethnic institutions shaped contemporary regional development in Latin America. I document a strong and positive relationship between pre-colonial centralization and regional development. Results are in line with the view that highly centralized pre-colonial societies acted as a persistent force of agglomeration of economic activities and a strong predictor of colonial state capacity. The results provide a first evidence of the existence of a link between pre-colonial centralization, colonial institutional arrangements and contemporary economic development. The third paper "Bite and Divide: Malaria and Ethnic Diversity” investigates the role of malaria as a fundamental determinant of modern ethnic diversity. This paper explores the hypothesis, that a large exposure to malaria has fostered differential interactions that reduced contacts between groups and increased interactions within them Results document that malaria increases the number of ethnic groups at all levels of spatial disaggregation and time periods (exploiting historical and current ethnic diversity). Regressions' results show that endogamous marriages are more frequent in areas with higher geographic suitability to malaria. The results are in line with the view that malaria increases intra-ethnic interactions while decreasing inter-ethnic ones.

Swiss Alps Jungfrau Aletsch UNESCO World Heritage Site - The state of this World Heritage region as a starting point for regional monitoring

The UNESCO listing as World Heritage Site confirms the outstanding qualities of the high-mountain region around the Great Aletsch Glacier. The region of the World Heritage Site now faces the responsibility to make these qualities visible and to preserve them for future generations. Consequently the qualities of the site must not be regarded in isolation but in the context of the entire region with its dynamics and developments. Regional monitoring is the observation and evaluation of temporal changes in target variables. It is thus an obligation towards UNESCO, who demands regular reports about the state of the listed World Heritage assets. It also allows statements about sustainable regional development and can be the basis for early recognition of threats to the outstanding qualities. Monitoring programmes face three major challenges: first, great care must be taken in defining the target qualities to be monitored or the monitoring would remain vague. Secondly, the selection of ideal indicators to describe these qualities is impeded by inadequate data quality and availability, compromises are inevitable. Thirdly, there is always an element of insecurity in the interpretation of the results as to what influences and determines the changes in the target qualities. The first survey of the monitoring programme confirmed the exceptional qualities of the region and also highlighted problematic issues.

The Role of Small and Medium-sized Centers for Territorial Development in Switzerland

This paper describes the role of small and medium-sized urban centers in Switzerland. Switzerland is a highly urbanized country where small and medium-sized urban centers play an important role in ensuring a balanced national urban system. Besides the four largest metropolitan regions （Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Bern）, small and medium-sized towns function as central places for a wider, often extensive hinterland. They provide opportunities for living and working and they connect rural and mountain regions to national and international networks. Using secondary statistics and a case study, the paper shows that small and medium-sized urban centers are home to significant concentrations of export-oriented industries. Firms in these value-adding secondary sectors are rooted in these places and benefit from strong local embeddedness while also being oriented towards global markets. Small and medium-sized urban centers also profit from their strong local identities. While these places face various challenges, they function as important pillars in creating a balanced regional development pattern. Swiss regional development policy follows the goal of polycentric spatial development and it employs various instruments that aim to ensure a balanced urban system.

Governance and the Capacity to Manage Resilience in Regional Social-Ecological Systems

The sustainability of regional development can be usefully explored through several different lenses. In situations in which uncertainties and change are key features of the ecological landscape and social organization, critical factors for sustainability are resilience, the capacity to cope and adapt, and the conservation of sources of innovation and renewal. However, interventions in social-ecological systems with the aim of altering resilience immediately confront issues of governance. Who decides what should be made resilient to what? For whom is resilience to be managed, and for what purpose? In this paper we draw on the insights from a diverse set of case studies from around the world in which members of the Resilience Alliance have observed or engaged with sustainability problems at regional scales. Our central question is: How do certain attributes of governance function in society to enhance the capacity to manage resilience? Three specific propositions were explored: ( 1) participation builds trust, and deliberation leads to the shared understanding needed to mobilize and self-organize; ( 2) polycentric and multilayered institutions improve the fit between knowledge, action, and social-ecological contexts in ways that allow societies to respond more adaptively at appropriate levels; and ( 3) accountable authorities that also pursue just distributions of benefits and involuntary risks enhance the adaptive capacity of vulnerable groups and society as a whole. Some support was found for parts of all three propositions. In exploring the sustainability of regional social-ecological systems, we are usually faced with a set of ecosystem goods and services that interact with a collection of users with different technologies, interests, and levels of power. In this situation in our roles as analysts, facilitators, change agents, or stakeholders, we not only need to ask: The resilience of what, to what? We must also ask: For whom?