999 resultados para Reação do consumidor
Resumo:
Este trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos do ácido giberélico (GA3) sobre o alongamento de brotos de mamoeiro 'Tainung 01' em meio de multiplicação in vitro e posterior enraizamento ex vitro. Brotações com menos de 1 cm de comprimento foram submetidas ao alongamento em meio MS contendo GA3, nos seguintes tratamentos, em mg L-1: T1 = 0,0; T2 = 0,5 esterilizado junto com o meio de cultura; T3 = 0,5 esterilizado a frio; T4 = 2,0 esterilizado junto com o meio de cultura; T5 = 2,0 esterilizado a frio. Após esses tratamentos, as brotações foram submetidas ao enraizamento ex vitro. Observou-se que o GA3 nos níveis 0,5 e 2,0 mg L-1, utilizado após autoclavagem em meio de multiplicação, não se mostrou efetivo para o alongamento dos ramos, mas quando esterilizado por filtragem, mostrou-se efetivo no alongamento das brotações; no entanto, é prejudicial no estádio subsequente de enraizamento, podendo, estes, necessitar de novo subcultivo em meio suplementado com auxina, visando a induzir o enraizamento.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil do consumidor, caracterizar a frequência, os principais hábitos de consumo de frutas e analisar os fatores que interferem no consumo da população residente na Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul com Argentina e Uruguai. Foi realizada em 2012 uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, transversal e de base populacional, constituindo-se na aplicação de questionários à população residente nos municípios de Uruguaiana, Itaqui, São Borja e Santana do Livramento. A mostra foi constituída de 400 consumidores entre as quatro cidades estudadas. Os resultados indicam que apenas 1/3 dos entrevistados consomem frutas diariamente, sendo o consumo mais frequente entre as mulheres. O local preferencial de compra das frutas para consumo ocorre em supermercados. Dentre os motivos que levam as pessoas a consumirem frutas, destaca-se a distinção da fruta como um alimento saudável, sendo a aparência o critério mais adotado na escolha das frutas. As principais frutas consumidas pelos entrevistados na região são as bananas, maçãs, laranjas, mamões e mangas, respectivamente. A redução do preço, a criação do hábito e a melhoria da qualidade das frutas são os fatores preponderantes para que ocorra aumento do consumo de frutas nesta região.
Resumo:
RESUMOA ferrugem do pessegueiro, causada pelo fungo Tranzschelia discolor, é a principal doença foliar da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a intensidade da ferrugem em onze cultivares de pessegueiro (Aurora 1, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier e Vanguarda) em pomar manejado de acordo com as normas da produção integrada, no município da Lapa-PR, no período de novembro e abril. O experimento foi composto de três blocos contendo três plantas por cultivar em cada bloco. Na planta central de cada cultivar, avaliaram-se a incidência e a severidade da ferrugem do pessegueiro em folhas de oito ramos mistos previamente marcados, a cada 15 dias. A incidência da ferrugem nas folhas de todas as cultivares variou de 25,4% (Eldorado) a 82,6% (Chimarrita) na primeira safra e de 15,3% (Eldorado) a 49,3% (Granada) na segunda safra. O modelo logístico foi ajustado aos dados de incidência ao longo do tempo. Os valores estimados de inóculo inicial e taxa de progresso não diferiram entre as cultivares. A severidade foi baixa (<1 %), para a maioria das cultivares, nas duas safras, e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade das cultivares Chimarrita e Granada diferenciou-se das demais somente na primeira safra. Não foi observada desfolha provocada pela doença. A cultivar Eldorado apresentou menor intensidade da ferrugem, e Chimarrita e Granada maior intensidade dentre as cultivares avaliadas.
Resumo:
RESUMO Os nematoides-das-galhas são considerados os patógenos que habitam o solo de maior importância na cultura da figueira no mundo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de figueira a Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita e M. enterolobii, com a possibilidade de serem utilizados como porta-enxerto resistente a esse patógeno. Os genótipos foram inoculados com 5.000 ovos e eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio das espécies dos nematoides em teste. As avaliações foram feitas aos 120 dias após a inoculação. As variáveis avaliadas foram: os índices de galhas, de massas de ovos e o fator de reprodução do nematoide. Todos os genótipos estudados comportaram-se como suscetíveis a M. javanica, M. incognita e M. enterolobii.
Resumo:
En les últimes dues dècades el món publicitari ha experimentat una gran evolució a causa de l’aparició dels nous models digitals i l’entorn 2.0. En aquest projecte es recull un anàlisi sobre els orígens de la transmedialitat, les seves característiques i múltiples funcions. A més a més, aprofundirem en el rellevant paper del consumidor en aquests nous formats, en ser un element fonamental que ajuda a tancar el cercle comunicatiu. En concret, s’estudiarà el repte Can You Make It? de la marca Red Bull en ser un cas amb una gran varietat d’elements publicitaris a analitzar.
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The hydroformylation reaction represents one of the most important C1-chemistry area in the chemical industry. This catalytic process, which has been developed up to now mainly to the production of commodities chemicals, has shown a remarkable potential for the preparation of several categories of specialty chemicals and in particular pharmaceutical compounds. Arylpropanoic acids, various amines containing aryl groups, and intermediates for the preparation of vitamins, carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds and many other classes of organic molecules endowed with pharmacological activity are currently accessible in good-to-high yields through hydroformylation of selected olefinic substrates. The asymmetric hydroformylation is going to reach the stage of maturity and hence to contribute in solving many troublesome synthetic problems connected with the preparation of pharmacologically active compounds with very high enantiomeric purity. The present survey emphasizes the usefulness of synthesis gas as a starting material in fine chemistry, which is expected to be important for industry.
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Rare earth elements supported in zeolites are the most important catalysts in the fluid cracking of petroleum. The solid state ion exchange of Eu3+ in Y zeolite was investigated. First of all, the hydrated EuCl3 was well mixed in a ball mill and was then heated at 300ºC for different times. The quantitative determination of Eu3+ showed that the degree of ion exchange depends on the reaction time at constant temperature, being ~95% in 4 h. The X-ray study showed that the crystallinity of the zeolite is little affected by the exchange procedure. The study of spectroscopic properties of Eu3+, emission spectra and lifetime, give information about the migration and position of the ion in the zeolite cages.
Resumo:
The aim of this work is to study the electrochromism and the reaction kinetics of lithium electrointercalation in anodic niobium oxide films. The oxide grown in an acid environment by application of an alternating potential shows interference colour (iridescence) and when reduced in lithium perclorate/PC solution, the intercalation of Li+ ions and electrons causes a reversible colour change (electrochromism), characterized here by electrochemical and optical measurements. A model where the reaction kinetics is dominated by diffusion of ionic pairs (Li+, e-) in the oxide film permitted the reproduction of current and absorbance temporal dependence, confirming the relationship between the electrochromic and electrochemical reactions. From the results obtained, a relation was established where the colour change is associated to the reduction of Nb+5 to Nb+4 ions with simultaneous cations injection.
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The oxidation process of sulfur (IV) species (SO2, HSO3- e SO32-) by oxygen, catalysed by trace metal ion and complexes, can play an important role in atmospheric, analytical and bioinorganic chemistry. An overview of the most important reactions in these fields is presented. A fascinating redox cycling of the metal ions and complexes during such autoxidation process was revealed by the combination of kinetics and coordination chemistry studies.
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The Baylis-Hillman reaction has significantly advanced in the last ten years as demonstrated by a number of applications described in the literature. In this report we show some aspects of this reaction, including scope, limitations and perspectives.
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A study of the kinetics of oxygen evolution in alkaline conditions from ceramic films of Mn2O3 supported on stainless steel was carried out. This study has been done through the determination of transfer coefficients, Tafel slopes and exchange currents using potentiodynamic and quasi-potentiostatic measurements. The activation energy was determined as a function of the overpotential and, additionally, the electrode active surface was estimated. The results are consistent with data already published for other electrodes, implying that the methods used in this work were reliable and precise.
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A flow injection spectrophotometric system was projected for monitoring hydrogen peroxide during photodegradation of organic contaminants in photo-Fenton processes (Fe2+/H2O2/UV). Sample is injected manually in a carrier stream and then receives by confluence a 0.1 mol L-1 NH4VO3 solution in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 medium. The product formed shows absorption at 446 nm which is recorded as a peak with height proportional to H2O2 concentration. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by monitoring the consumption of H2O2 during the photodegradation of dichloroacetic acid solution by foto-Fenton reaction.
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Aromatic nitration is one of the most relevant class of reactions in organic chemistry. It has been intensively studied by both experimental, including works in the condensed as well as in the gas phase, and theoretical procedures. However, the published results do not seem to converge to an unique mechanism. Electrophilic substitution and electron transfer, in an exclusive way, are both proposed as the main mechanism for the reaction. We review these proposals and discuss the most recent findings.
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Simultaneous electrolytic deposition is proposed for minimization of Cu2+ and Pb2+ interferences on automated determination of Cd2+ by the Malachite Green-iodide reaction. During electrolysis of sample in a cell with two Pt electrodes and a medium adjusted to 5% (v/v) HNO3 + 0.1% (v/v) H2SO4 + 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl, Cu2+ is deposited as Cu on the cathode, Pb2+ is deposited as PbO2 on the anode while Cd2+ is kept in solution. With 60 s electrolysis time and 0.25 A current, Pb2+ and Cu2+ levels up to 50 and 250 mg L-1 respectively, can be tolerated without interference. With on-line extraction of Cd2+ in anionic resin minicolumn, calibration graph in the 5.00 - 50.0 µg Cd L-1 range is obtained, corresponding to twenty measurements per hour, 0.7 mg Malachite Green and 500 mg KI and 5 mL sample consumed per determination. Results of the determination of Cd in certified reference materials, vegetables and tap water were in agreement with certified values and with those obtained by GFAAS at 95% confidence level. The detection limit is 0.23 µg Cd L-1 and the RSD for typical samples containing 13.0 µg Cd L-1 was 3.85 % (n= 12).
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Relevant aspects of proposed mechanisms of the chemiluminescent reaction of luminol are presented and commented to emphasize its perspectives for kinetic analysis. A careful search for analytical applications of this reaction is discussed in order to point out new trends of the studies. Kinetic analysis using the luminol reaction is proposed to be a very attractive due to the good performance of the reaction in analytical applications and the positive characteristics of kinetic analysis, such as low cost and sensibility. It is pointed out that kinetic analysis using the chemiluminescent reaction of luminol should be encouraged.