Results of achievement tests given in the elementary and high schools of Michigan. 1926-1927.

1926-27 by Walter G. Bergman.

Results of achievement tests given in the elementary and high schools of Michigan. 1923-1924.

1923-24 by Clifford Woody.

Manual of mental and physical tests; a book of directions compiled with special reference to the experimental study of school children in the laboratory or classroom,

Lst ed. 1910. 3d ed. includes supplementary references, 1914-1919.

Testing, teaching and learning : chairmen's report of a Conference on Research on Testing, August 17-26, 1978 /

Bibliography: p. 31

Annual conference on educational measurements.

Issued 1914-15 as Indiana University bulletin; 1916-23 as Bulletin of the Extension Division, Indiana University; 1924- as Bulletin of the School of Education, Indiana University.

Educational achievement : explanations and implications of recent trends.

Item 1005-C

Some well-known mental tests evaluated and compared,

Published also as thesis (PH. D.) Columbia University, 1922.

Standards and tests for the measurement of the efficiency of schools and school systems,

cont. VI. The application of standard measurements to school administration. [By] D.C. Bliss. VII. A half-year's progress in the achievement of one school system. A. The progress as measured by the Thorndike visual vocabulary test. B. The progress as measured by the Courtis tests, series B. [By] H.G. Childs. VIII. Courtis tests in arithmetic: value to superintendents and teacher. [By] S.A. Courtis. IX. Use of standard tests at Salt Lake City, Utah. [By] E. P. Cubberley. X. Reading. [By] C.H. Judd. XI. Studies by the Bureau of research and efficiency of Kansas City, Mo. [By] George Melcher. XII. The effects of efficiency tests in reading on a city school system. [By] E.E. Oberholtzer. XIII. Investigation of spelling in the schools of Oakland, Cal. [By] J.B. Sears. XIV. Standard tests as aids in the classification and promotion of pupils. [By] Daniel Starch. XV. The use of mental tests in the school. [By] G.M. Whipple.

A comparative study of achievement in country and town schools,

Published also as thesis (PH. D.) Columbia university, 1921.

Objectives and procedures; report of the Michigan educational assessment program.

Mode of access: Internet.

Determining Spatial Distribution and Physical Properties of the Vashon Advance Outwash near Mountlake Terrace, Washington

This study is aimed at determining the spatial distribution, physical properties, and groundwater conditions of the Vashon advance outwash (Qva) in the Mountlake Terrace, WA area. The Qva is correlative with the Esperance Sand, as defined at its type section; however, local variations in the Qva are not well-characterized (Mullineaux, 1965). While the Qva is a dense glacial unit with low compressibility and high frictional shear strength (Gurtowski and Boirum, 1989), the strength of this unit can be reduced when it becomes saturated (Tubbs, 1974). This can lead to caving or flowing in excavations, and on a larger scale, can lead to slope failures and mass-wasting when intersected by steep slopes. By studying the Qva, we can better predict how it will behave under certain conditions, which will be beneficial to geologists, hydrogeologists, engineers, and environmental scientists during site assessments and early phases of project planning. In this study, I use data from 27 geotechnical borings from previous field investigations and C-Tech Corporation’s EnterVol software to create three-dimensional models of the subsurface geology in the study area. These models made it possible to visualize the spatial distribution of the Qva in relation to other geologic units. I also conducted a comparative study between data from the borings and generalized published data on the spatial distribution, relative density, soil classification, grain-size distribution, moisture content, groundwater conditions, and aquifer properties of the Qva. I found that the elevation of the top of the Qva ranges from 247 to 477 ft. I found that the Qva is thickest where the modern topography is high, and is thinnest where the topography is low. The thickness of the Qva ranges from absent to 242 ft. Along the northern, east-west trending transect, the Qva thins to the east as it rises above a ridge composed of Pre- Vashon glacial deposits. Along the southern, east-west trending transect, the Qva pinches out against a ridge composed of pre-Vashon interglacial deposits. Two plausible explanations for this ridge are paleotopography and active faulting associated with the Southern Whidbey Fault Zone. Further investigations should be done using geophysical methods and the modeling methods described in this study to determine the nature of this ridge. The relative density of the Qva in the study area ranges from loose to very dense, with the loose end of the spectrum probably relating to heave in saturated sands. I found subtle correlations between density and depth. Volumetric analysis of the soil groups listed in the boring logs indicate that the Qva in the study area is composed of approximately 9.5% gravel, 89.3% sand, and 1.2% silt and clay. The natural moisture content ranges from 3.0 to 35.4% in select samples from the Qva. The moisture content appears to increase with depth and fines content. The water table in the study area ranges in elevation from 231.9 to 458 ft, based on observations and measurements recorded in the boring logs. The results from rising-head and falling-head slug tests done at a single well in the study area indicate that the geometric mean of hydraulic conductivity is 15.93 ft/d (5.62 x 10-03 cm/s), the storativity is 3.28x10-03, and the estimated transmissivity is 738.58 ft2/d in the vicinity of this observation well. At this location, there was 1.73 ft of seasonal variation in groundwater elevation between August 2014 and March 2015.

Gender diagnosticity and androgen receptor gene CAG repeat sequence

The gender diagnosticity (GD) approach of Lippa (1995) was used to evaluate the relationship of within-sex differences in psychological masculinity-femininity to a genetic characteristic, the length of a repeated CAG sequence in the X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene. Previously assessed adult samples in Australia and Sweden were used for this purpose. A weak relationship (correlations in the range .11 to .14) was obtained in both countries. Additional data from adolescent twins from Australia (12-, 14-, 16-year-olds) did not confirm such a relationship at those ages, especially for males. The fact that this sample consisted of twins permitted two kinds of within-pair comparisons: (1) Did the dizygotic twin who had the longer AR sequence have the higher GD score? (2) Was one twin's GD score more highly correlated with the other twin's AR score in MZ than in DZ pairs? The answer in both cases was negative. Clarification of these relationships will require large samples and measurements at additional ages.

Three-component force measurements on a large scramjet in a shock tunnel

A stress-wave force balance for measurement of thrust, lift, and pitching moment on a large scramjet model (40 kg in mass, 1.165 in in length) in a reflected shock tunnel has been designed, calibrated, and tested. Transient finite element analysis was used to model the performance of the balance. This modeling indicates that good decoupling of signals and low sensitivity of the balance to the distribution of. the load can be achieved with a three-bar balance. The balance was constructed and calibrated by applying a series of point loads to the model. A good comparison between finite element analysis and experimental results was obtained with finite element analysis aiding in the interpretation of some experimental results. Force measurements were made in a shock tunnel both with and without fuel injection, and measurements were compared with predictions using simple models of the scramjet and combustion. Results indicate that the balance is capable of resolving lift, thrust, and pitching moments with and without combustion. However vibrations associated with tunnel operation interfered with the signals indicating the importance of vibration isolation for accurate measurements.

Optimal Paths and Costs of Adjustment in Dynamic DEA Models: With Application to Chilean Department Stores

In this paper we propose a range of dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) models which allow information on costs of adjustment to be incorporated into the DEA framework. We first specify a basic dynamic DEA model predicated on a number or simplifying assumptions. We then outline a number of extensions to this model to accommodate asymmetric adjustment costs, non-static output quantities, non-static input prices, and non-static costs of adjustment, technological change, quasi-fixed inputs and investment budget constraints. The new dynamic DEA models provide valuable extra information relative to the standard static DEA models-they identify an optimal path of adjustment for the input quantities, and provide a measure of the potential cost savings that result from recognising the costs of adjusting input quantities towards the optimal point. The new models are illustrated using data relating to a chain of 35 retail department stores in Chile. The empirical results illustrate the wealth of information that can be derived from these models, and clearly show that static models overstate potential cost savings when adjustment costs are non-zero.

Determinants of biological activity of nanomaterials in innate immunity cells: the role of aspect ratio, environmental contaminants and protein corona

As defined by the European Union, “ ’Nanomaterial’ (NM) means a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state or as an aggregate or agglomerate, where, for 50 % or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1 nm-100 nm ” (2011/696/UE). Given their peculiar physico-chemical features, nanostructured materials are largely used in many industrial fields (e.g. cosmetics, electronics, agriculture, biomedical) and their applications have astonishingly increased in the last fifteen years. Nanostructured materials are endowed with very large specific surface area that, besides making them very useful in many industrial processes, renders them very reactive towards the biological systems and, hence, potentially endowed with significant hazard for human health. For these reasons, in recent years, many studies have been focused on the identification of toxic properties of nanostructured materials, investigating, in particular, the mechanisms behind their toxic effects as well as their determinants of toxicity. This thesis investigates two types of nanostructured TiO2 materials, TiO2 nanoparticles (NP), which are yearly produced in tonnage quantities, and TiO2 nanofibres (NF), a relatively novel nanomaterial. Moreover, several preparations of MultiWalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), another nanomaterial widely present in many products, are also investigated.- Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have characterized the toxic properties of these materials, the identification of their determinants of toxicity is still incomplete. The aim of this thesis is to identify the structural determinants of toxicity, using several in vitro models. Specific fields of investigation have been a) the role of shape and the aspect ratio in the determination of biological effects of TiO2 nanofibres of different length; b) the synergistic effect of LPS and TiO2 NP on the expression of inflammatory markers and the role played therein by TLR-4; c) the role of functionalization and agglomeration in the biological effects of MWCNT. As far as biological effects elicited by TiO2 NF are concerned, the first part of the thesis demonstrates that long TiO2 nanofibres caused frustrated phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, hemolysis, oxidative stress and epithelial barrier perturbation. All these effects were mitigated by fibre shortening through ball-milling. However, short TiO2 NF exhibited enhanced ability to activate acute pro-inflammatory effects in macrophages, an effect dependent on phagocytosis. Therefore, aspect ratio reduction mitigated toxic effects, while enhanced macrophage activation, likely rendering the NF more prone to phagocytosis. These results suggest that, under in vivo conditions, short NF will be associated with acute inflammatory reaction, but will undergo a relatively rapid clearance, while long NF, although associated with a relatively smaller acute activation of innate immunity cells, are not expected to be removed efficiently and, therefore, may be associated to chronic inflammatory responses. As far as the relationship between the effects of TiO2 NP and LPS, investigated in the second part of the thesis, are concerned, TiO2 NP markedly enhanced macrophage activation by LPS through a TLR-4-dependent intracellular pathway. The adsorption of LPS onto the surface of TiO2 NP led to the formation of a specific bio-corona, suggesting that, when bound to TiO2 NP, LPS exerts a much more powerful pro-inflammatory effect. These data suggest that the inflammatory changes observed upon exposure to TiO2 NP may be due, at least in part, to their capability to bind LPS and, possibly, other TLR agonists, thus enhancing their biological activities. Finally, the last part of the thesis demonstrates that surface functionalization of MWCNT with amino or carboxylic groups mitigates the toxic effects of MWCNT in terms of macrophage activation and capability to perturb epithelial barriers. Interestingly, surface chemistry (in particular surface charge) influenced the protein adsorption onto the MWCNT surface, allowing to the formation of different protein coronae and the tendency to form agglomerates of different size. In particular functionalization a) changed the amount and the type of proteins adsorbed to MWCNT and b) enhanced the tendency of MWCNT to form large agglomerates. These data suggest that the different biological behavior of functionalized and pristine MWCNT may be due, at least in part, to the different tendency to form large agglomerates, which is significantly influenced by their different capability to interact with proteins contained in biological fluids. All together, these data demonstrate that the interaction between physico-chemical properties of nanostructured materials and the environment (cells + biological fluids) in which these materials are present is of pivotal importance for the understanding of the biological effects of NM. In particular, bio-persistence and the capability to elicit an effective inflammatory response are attributable to the interaction between NM and macrophages. However, the interaction NM-cells is heavily influenced by the formation at the nano-bio interface of specific bio-coronae that confer a novel biological identity to the nanostructured materials, setting the basis for their specific biological activities.