Quines característiques hauria de tenir el perfil professional d'un/a professor/a d'educació física en la secundària?

L’objectiu que pretén aquest treball final de Grau en Ciències de l’Activitat Física i l’Esport, és fer una aproximació inicial a la caracterització dels professors d’Educació Física en la secundària i la identitat docent que se’n deriva per les característiques de l’alumnat d’aquesta etapa i d’organització de les matèries. Alhora pretén reflexionar sobre la importància dels elements relacionals i soci - emocionals que ha de conrear tot docent que treballa en les etapes de l’adolescència. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu he enquestat a diferents professors/es i, a una desena d’alumnes de cada professor/a per tal d’analitzar les diferents característiques de cadascú i identificar les més recurrents i/o més eficaces que defineixen a un/a bon/a professor/a de secundària. Després d’aquest anàlisi de contingut de les respostes dels alumnes i les enquestes i entrevistes dels propis professors/es, podem concloure que hi ha quatre variables importants a tenir en compte; el perfil personal, la metodologia que utilitza cada professor/a en les seves classes, la convivència amb el grup – classe i la societat i, la formació del professorat.

Optimització i aprofitament del temps de pràctica motriu en les classes deducació física d'un grup de 4t ESO

Amb aquest treball d‟investigació es pretén fer veure al docent la importància d‟una adequada gestió del temps de classe d‟Educació Física (E.F.), concretament, abans, durant i al final de la sessió, amb l‟objectiu d‟augmentar el temps de compromís motor dels alumnes. Tanmateix citaré autors i esmentaré estudis que demostren que un increment en el temps de compromís motor per part de l‟alumne, augmenta la probabilitat de que s‟assoleixin els objectius proposats i, per tant, el procés d‟ensenyament – aprenentatge serà més eficaç. En conseqüència, s‟analitzen les categories i variables temporals (temps d‟informació del professor, temps d‟organització dels alumnes i del material i temps d‟imprevistos) que poden restar minuts al temps de pràctica motriu i, a la vegada, es presenten una sèrie de recursos i estratègies que ajuden al professor d‟E.F a reduir les accions i variables temporals que incideixen negativament a fi i efecte d‟augmentar el temps de pràctica motriu.

Potentiometric titration as a method of determining the stoichiometric dissociation constants of weak acids from the thermodynamic dissociation constants of aqueous solutions at 298.15 K

The simple single-ion activity coefficient equation originating from the Debye-Hückel theory was used to determine the thermodynamic and stoichiometric dissociation constants of weak acids from data concerning galvanic cells. Electromotive force data from galvanic cells without liquid junctions, which was obtained from literature, was studied in conjuction with the potentiometric titration data relating to aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. The dissociation constants of weak acids could be determined by the presented techniques and almost all the experimental data studied could be interpreted within the range of experimental error. Potentiometric titration has been used here and the calculation methods were developed to obtain the thermodynamic and stoichiometric dissociation constants of some weak acids in aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. The ionic strength of titrated solutions were adjusted using an inert electrolyte, namely, sodium or potassium chloride. Salt content alonedetermines the ionic strength. The ionic strength of the solutions studied varied from 0.059 mol kg-1 to 0.37 mol kg-1, and in some cases up to 1.0 mol kg-1. The following substances were investigated using potentiometric titration: aceticacid, propionic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid and bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanol) amine.

Concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hCNT1) promotes phenotypic changes relevant to tumor biology in a translocation independent manner

Nucleoside transporters (NTs) mediate the uptake of nucleosides and nucleobases across the plasma membrane, mostly for salvage purposes. The canonical NTs belong to two gene families, SLC29 and SLC28. The former encode equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (ENTs), which mediate the facilitative diffusion of natural nucleosides with broad selectivity, whereas the latter encode concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs), which are sodium-coupled and show high affinity for substrates with variable selectivity. These proteins are expressed in most cell types, exhibiting apparent functional redundancy. This might indicate that CNTs play specific roles in the physiology of the cell beyond nucleoside salvage. Here, we addressed this possibility using adenoviral vectors to restore tumor cell expression of hCNT1 or a polymorphic variant (hCNT1S546P) lacking nucleoside translocation ability. We found that hCNT1 restoration in pancreatic cancer cells significantly altered cell-cycle progression and phosphorylation status of key signal-transducing kinases, promoted poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase hyperactivation and cell death, and reduced tumor growth and cell migration. Importantly, the translocation-defective transporter triggered these same effects on cell physiology. These data predict a novel and totally unexpected biological role for the nucleoside transporter protein hCNT1 that appears to be independent of its role as mediator of nucleoside uptake by cells, thereby suggesting a transceptor function. Cell Death & Disease Anastasis Stephanou Receiving Editor Cell Death & Disease 19th Apr 2013 Dr Perez-Torras Av/ Diagonal 643. Edif. Prevosti, Pl -1 Barcelona 08028 Spain RE: Manuscript CDDIS-13-0136R, 'CDDIS-13-0136R' Dear Dr Perez-Torras, It is a pleasure to inform you that your manuscript has been evaluated at the editorial level and has now been officially accepted for publication in Cell Death & Disease, pending you meet the following editorial requirements: 1) the list of the abbreviations is missing please include Could you send us the revised text as word file via e-mail and we will proceed and transfer the paper onto our typesetters. Please download, print, sign, and return the Licence to Publish Form using the link below. This must be returned via FAX to ++ 39 06 7259 6977 before your manuscript can be published:

Professor CREU CASAS i SICART (1913-2007)

Creu Casas i Sicart, Professor Emeritus at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Catalonia, and a member of the Insti­tute of Catalan Studies (IEC) since 1978, died at the advanced yet still active age of 94 in Bellaterra on 20 May 2007, after a brief illness. She was unquestionably the most prominent bota­nist in the field of bryological research (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) covering the entire Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands in the past 50 years. She also served as the president (1980-1982) of one of the most prestigious affiliates of our in­ stitute, the Catalan Institution of Natural History

GSK3 is involved in the relief of mitochondria pausing in a tau-dependent manner.

Mitochondrial trafficking deficits have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Ser/Thre kinase GSK3β is believed to play a fundamental role in AD pathogenesis. Given that GSK3β substrates include Tau protein, here we studied the impact of GSK3β on mitochondrial trafficking and its dependence on Tau protein. Overexpression of GSK3β in neurons resulted in an increase in motile mitochondria, whereas a decrease in the activity of this kinase produced an increase in mitochondria pausing. These effects were dependent on Tau proteins, as Tau (−/−) neurons did not respond to distinct GSK3β levels. Furthermore, differences in GSK3β expression did not affect other parameters like mitochondria velocity or mitochondria run length. We conclude that GSK3B activity regulates mitochondrial axonal trafficking largely in a Tau-dependent manner.

Prenatal Exposure to DEHP Affects Spermatogenesis and Sperm DNA Methylation in a Strain-Dependent Manner.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phtalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties found ubiquitously in the environment and altering reproduction in rodents. Here we investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to DEHP on spermatogenesis and DNA sperm methylation in two distinct, selected, and sequenced mice strains. FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice were orally exposed to 300 mg/kg/day of DEHP from gestation day 9 to 19. Prenatal DEHP exposure significantly decreased spermatogenesis in C57BL/6J (fold-change = 0.6, p-value = 8.7*10-4), but not in FVB/N (fold-change = 1, p-value = 0.9). The number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by DEHP-exposure across the entire genome showed increased hyper- and decreased hypo-methylation in C57BL/6J compared to FVB/N. At the promoter level, three important subsets of genes were massively affected. Promoters of vomeronasal and olfactory receptors coding genes globally followed the same trend, more pronounced in the C57BL/6J strain, of being hyper-methylated in DEHP related conditions. In contrast, a large set of micro-RNAs were hypo-methylated, with a trend more pronounced in the FVB/N strain. We additionally analyze both the presence of functional genetic variations within genes that were associated with the detected DMRs and that could be involved in spermatogenesis, and DMRs related with the DEHP exposure that affected both strains in an opposite manner. The major finding in this study indicates that prenatal exposure to DEHP can decrease spermatogenesis in a strain-dependent manner and affects sperm DNA methylation in promoters of large sets of genes putatively involved in both sperm chemotaxis and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.

Jälkirealismin ehdoilla. Hannu Salaman Siinä näkijä missä tekijä ja Finlandia-sarja

Tutkimus selvittää, mitä on jälkirealismi yhteiskunnallisen realismin muunnoksena ja mitkä ovat sen ”mimeettisen sopimuksen” ehdot eli todellisuutta ja sen ”jäljittelyä” koskevat perusteet. Teoreettiseen tarkasteluun yhdistyy Salaman romaanien analyysi suomalaisen jälkirealismin keskeisinä esimerkkeinä. Analysoidut teokset ovat Siinä näkijä missä tekijä (1972) sekä viisiosainen Finlandia-sarja, joka koostuu romaaneista Kosti Herhiläisen perunkirjoitus (1976), Kolera on raju bändi (1977), Pasi Harvalan tarina I (1981) ja II (1983) sekä Kaivo kellarissa (1983). Jälkirealismi määrittyy sellaiseksi kotimaisen kirjallisuuden trendiksi, joka muotoutuu 1900-luvun lopulla – samoihin aikoihin, kun yhteiskunnallinen todellisuus itsessään alkoi jälki- eli ”postmodernisoitua” ja kirjallinen postmodernismi maailmalla kehkeytyi. Toisin kuin postmodernismi, jälkirealismi muotoutuu (nimensä mukaan) realismin tradition pohjalta eikä pyri hylkäämään mimesistä. Mutta se ei enää allekirjoita aikaisemman realismin mimeettistä sopimusta sellaisenaan, vaan muokkaa ja ajanmukaistaa sopimusehtoja siksi, että yhteiskunnallinen todellisuus itsessään on rajussa muutoksessa eivätkä vanhat keinot enää yksin riitä sen todenmukaiseen kuvaamiseen. Salaman romaaneihin sisältyy jälkirealismin sopimusehdotelma, uudistus, jota Pertti Karkama on jo suuntaa-antavasti esitellyt, mutta jonka pääehdot vasta tämä tutkimus tarkemmin määrittelee. Jälkirealistinen sopimusuudistus koskee ensinnäkin kertojan asemaa (luku 2) ja luotettavuuden ehtoa (luku 3). Salaman vaihtuvat minä- ja hän-kertojat kyseenalaistavat yksioikoisen objektiivisuuden vaatimuksen ja irtautuvat ehdosta, että realistisen teoksen tulisi hahmottaa "kokonaisuus”. Kerrontarakenteen hierarkkinen malli murtuu ja ”kaikkitietävän” kertojan idea parodioituu. Kertojien suhdetta kuvaamaansa todellisuuteen ja muihin kertojiin/henkilöihin alkaa yhä enemmän määrittää intersubjektiivisuus, relationalisuus ja prosessuaalisuus. Myös luotettavuus kyseenalaistuu sekä temaattisena että rakennetta koskevana kysymyksenä. Jälkirealismi sallii kertojilleen yhä enemmän epäluotettavuutta tiedollisessa mutta erityisesti eettisessä mielessä. Toiseksi, jälkirealistinen sopimusuudistus koskee mimeettistä järjestystä, tarinan ja juonen kysymyksiä (luku 4). Mimeettisen järjestyksen, jonka on ajateltu toteutuvan realismin (enemmän tai vähemmän aristoteelisessa) juonessa, alkaa jälkirealismissa muuttua avoimeksi juonellistamiseksi. Itse kertomistoiminnan "jäljittely" tulee osaksi tarinaa. Ajatus siitä, että todellisuus on aina ennen sen mimesistä, kumoutuu. Kyse on paljolti metafiktiivisten piirteiden tunkeutumisesta myös realismiin, mutta metafiktio ei saa radikaalin postmodernistisia muotoja. Kolmanneksi jälkirealistinen sopimusuudistus koskee henkilökuvausta (luku 5). Siinä kyseenalaistuu realismille vanhastaan asetettu tyypillisyyden vaatimus. Henkilöhahmot eivät ole enää tietyn yhteiskuntaluokan esimerkillisiä edustajia vaan heissä ilmenee yhteiskunnallisen postmodernisoitumisen prosessi. Henkilöhahmot rakentuvat silti sellaisten tekstuaalis-kulttuuristen koodien varaan, jotka merkitsevät niiden lukemista "ihmisinä". Perinteisiä mimeettisiä koodeja ei rikota, kuten yleensä postmodernismissa, vaan ne painottuvat uudella tavalla. Todellisuuden muutoksen myötä myös ihmisten ja ihmiskäsitysten huomataan muuttuvan. Neljänneksi sopimusuudistus koskee referentiaalisuutta (luku 6) eli kielen todellisuus-kytköstä. Teoksissa käytetty kieli paljastaa erheelliseksi sen oletuksen, että realismin kielen – tai kielen ylipäänsä – ensisijainen tehtävä olisi viitata suoraan todellisuuteen. Jälkirealismi ei ”häivytä kielellisyyttään” vaan pikemminkin osoittaa todeksi sen bahtinilaisen ajatuksen, että kieli muodostaa monisuuntaisen ja dialogisen kehikon. Referenssi toimii tuon kehikon sisällä yhtenä kielen orientaationa, ”tahtona referenssiin”. Silti avoin dialogismi itsessään voi jopa vahvistaa referenssi-orientaatiota. Tutkimus on ensimmäinen Hannu Salaman tuotantoa tarkasteleva kirjallisuudentutkimuksen väitöskirja. Samalla se osallistuu kirjallisuustieteelliseen keskusteluun siitä, miten realismi ja mimesis tulisi meidän aikanamme ymmärtää.

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Controls CD8 T Cell Memory Differentiation in a Foxo1-Dependent Manner.

Upon infection, antigen-specific naive CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into short-lived effector cells (SLECs) and memory precursor cells (MPECs). The underlying signaling pathways remain largely unresolved. We show that Rictor, the core component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), regulates SLEC and MPEC commitment. Rictor deficiency favors memory formation and increases IL-2 secretion capacity without dampening effector functions. Moreover, mTORC2-deficient memory T cells mount more potent recall responses. Enhanced memory formation in the absence of mTORC2 was associated with Eomes and Tcf-1 upregulation, repression of T-bet, enhanced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, and fatty acid oxidation. This transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming is mainly driven by nuclear stabilization of Foxo1. Silencing of Foxo1 reversed the increased MPEC differentiation and IL-2 production and led to an impaired recall response of Rictor KO memory T cells. Therefore, mTORC2 is a critical regulator of CD8 T cell differentiation and may be an important target for immunotherapy interventions.

A pesquisa como perspectiva de formação continuada do professor de química

The education of a chemistry teacher is not being seen as a specific preparation for the exercise of a professional activity, which differs from the professional activity of a chemist or a chemistry researcher. This happens because in the academic field, mainly in the exact and natural sciences, the idea that knowing a determined subject is enough to be able to teach it, is tacitly accepted. This is, actually, the first condition to be able to be a university professor. There is another necessary condition for competent teaching: to have specific professional knowledege of teaching. I defend that this knowledge can be constitued in the interaction with other professionals in the form of research. Thus, as a chemist constitutes himself through the research in the interaction with other chemists, the teacher develops himself in this professional field in the interaction with other teachers and the permanent attitude of researching.

Químicos brasileiros esquecidos Adelino Leal: um professor que ensinava no laboratório

Chemistry is a experimental science and should be taught emphasizing the experimental work at laboratories. Brazilian teachers either in secondary level teaching as well at University gave minor attention in laboratory experiments as a tool to improve the quality of the teaching. Adelino Leal published a monograph in 1926 which emphasizes the experimental work in the teaching of Chemistry. The French chemist Jungfleisch had a important influence in the Adelino Leal's work and was the main reference for both his work and published books.

Comiat al professor Lluis A. Santaló

Article de comiat al matemàtic gironí Lluís Antoni Santaló i Sors, que va morir a Buenos Aires el 22 de novembre de 2001