Institutional factors governing the deployment of remote experiments: lessons from the rexnet project

Remote labs offer many unique advantages to students as they provide opportunities to access experiments and learning scenarios that would be otherwise unavailable. At the same time, however, these opportunities introduce real challenges to the institutions hosting the remote labs. This paper draws on the experiences of the REXNET project consortium to expose a number of these issues as a means of furthering the debate on the value of remote labs and the best practices in deploying them. The paper presents a brief outline of the various types of remote lab scenarios that might be deployed. It then describes the key human and technological actors that have an interest in or are intrinsic to a remote lab instance, with a description of the role of each actor and their interest. Some relationships between these various actors are then discussed with some factors that might influence those relationships. Finally some general issues are briefly described.

Rediscovery of Leptaxis vetusta (Morelet & Drouet, 1857), a subfossil land snail from the Quaternary of Santa Maria (Azores)

During a recent field work on the southern coast of the island of Santa Maria (Azores) a bulk sample of 37 shells and 25 fragments of Leptaxis vetusta was assembled from Late Pleistocene and Holocene slope deposits outcropping in the area. These specimens are the first of this rare subfossil species to be mentioned since the original descriptions of Arthur Morelet and Henri Drouet (1857). The purposes of our paper are a systematic and biometric description of L. vestuta. For the first time, the original type: locality was localized with accuracy over the southern downslopes of Pico do Facho, between Figueiral and Prainha. The subfossil specimens were collected in slope deposits and detritic fans, overlying a fossiliferous marine deposit situated over the 2-3 m abrasion platform of Praia and Prainha bay. The age and factors associated to the extinction of this species are discussed, including the destruction of the original laurel cover and the colonization by Otala lactea (Muller, 1774), a continental helicid introduced and widespread in Santa Maria.

Non-venomous snake bite and snake bite without envenoming in a brazilian teaching hospital: analysis of 91 cases

A retrospective survey of 473 cases of snake bite admitted to a Brazilian teaching hospital from 1984 to 1990 revealed 91 cases of bite without envenoming and/or caused by non-venomous snakes. In 17 of these cases the snake was identified, and one patient was bitten by a snake-like reptile (Amphisbaena mertensii). In 43 cases diagnosis was made on clinical grounds (fang marks in the absence of signs of envenoming). The other 30 cases were of patients who complained of being bitten but who did not show any sign of envenoming or fang mark. Most cases occurred in men (66;73%), in the 10-19 years age group (26;29%), in the lower limbs (51/74;69%), between 6 A. M. and 2 P.M. (49;61%) and in the month of April (16; 18%). One patient bitten by Philodryas olfersii developed severe local pain, swelling and redness at the site of the bite, with normal clotting time. The patient bitten by Drymarcon corais was misdiagnosed as being bitten by a snake of the genus Bothrops, was given the specific antivenom, and developed anaphylaxis. One patient bitten by Sibynomorphus mikanii presented prolonged clotting time, and was also given antivenom as a case of Bothrops bite. Correct identification of venomous snakes by physicians is necessary to provide correct treatment to victims of snake bite, avoiding unnecessary distress to the patient, and overprescription of antivenom, which may eventually cause severe untoward effects.

Seroepidemiology and occupational and environmental variables for leptospirosis, brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughterhouse workers in the Paraná State, Brazil

Leptospirosis, brucellosis and toxoplasmosis are widely-distributed zoonosis, being the man an accidental participant of their epidemiological chains. The aim of this paper was to make a seroepidemiological report and identify occupational and environmental variables related to these illnesses in 150 workers in a slaughterhouse in the Northern region of Paraná. For the diagnosis of leptospirosis a microscopical seroagglutination test was applied; for brucellosis, the tamponated acidified antigen test and the 2-mercaptoetanol tests were used, and for toxoplasmosis the indirect immunofluorescence reaction test. For each employee an epidemiological survey was filled, which investigated occupational and environmental variables which could be associated with these infections. Positive results for leptospirosis were found in 4.00% of the samples, for brucellosis in 0.66% of samples and toxoplasmosis in 70.00%. From the three diseases researched, only the results for leptospirosis suggest occupational infection.

Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in horses of the urban area of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

A total of 320 horses were studied in this paper, both male and female, between two and 17 years of age, which were used for traction of wagons in the urban area of the municipality of Londrina (PR). These animals were kept, after their daily work, in abandoned areas or plots, in the outskirts of the urban area of the city. When these animals were attended by the veterinarians, between 1996 and 2005, none of them presented symptoms suggesting leptospirosis. The most frequent reasons for the visit were loss of weight, unwillingness for work, parasitism, laminess, and wounds. Microscopic Seroagglutination Test (SAM), with 22 Leptospira serovars, was performed in sera sample from all these animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in horses from the urban area of Londrina (PR). From the samples tested, 214 (66.88%) were considered positive, with titers between 100 and 3200, being that 49 (22.90%) presented antibodies against a single serovar of Leptospira, and 165 (77.10%) samples presented antibodies against two or more serovars simultaneously, where in 88 (53.33%) it was possible to characterize the most likely probable serovar. Antibodies against the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae were detected in 32 (23.36%) animals.

Successões cronológicas e previsão

Neste trabalho tratamos o problema da previsão de sucessões cronológicas. Numa primeira face, percorremos as principias metodologias não causais e causais para a análise e previsão de sucessões cronológicas, indicando para cada uma delas o software que consideramos mais adequado. Em seguida, destacamos três dessas metodologias não causais: modelo de Holt-Winters, modelo linear ARMA, e modelo estrutural. Um exemplo é tratado à luz destas metodologias e são comparados os seus resultados previsionais.

Linearidade e não linearidade em modelos para sucessões cronológicas

A maioria dos métodos clássicos de análise de uma sucessão cronológica baseia-se nas seguintes hipóteses fundamentais: estacionaridade, linearidade e gaussianidade da sucessão. Estas hipóteses são idealizações matemáticas que em alguns casos são apenas válidas como a aproximação à realidade. Nesse sentido, será natural em situações práticas proceder a ensaios onde essas hipóteses sejam testadas.

Marketing social nas políticas públicas

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência Política, variante de Políticas Públicas

Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among children in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Although acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in Southern Brazil, little information is available on their seasonality and viral etiology. This study was conducted on children under 5 years of age with ARI to assess viral etiology in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, from 1990 to 1992. A total of 862 nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples were tested using indirect immunofluorescence. The results showed that 316 (36.6%) NPS samples were positive: 26.2% for RSV, 6% for adenovirus, 1.7% for influenzaviruses, 1.5% for parainfluenzaviruses, and 1.2% for mixed infection. The mean viral prevalence rates in out-patient services, emergency wards, and in-patient hospital wards were 26.7%, 53% and 42.3%, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus accounted for 91.4 % of the viral diagnoses. RSV was more frequent in children under one year of age at the three levels of health care and was prevalent in infants under six months. Adenovirus was the most prevalent pathogen in hospitalized children, in 1992. Influenza A virus showed an increased prevalence with age among out-patient children. This study shows the annual occurence of viral respiratory infections in the coldest months, with a significant annual variation in the frequency of RSV infection.

Criadouros de Biomphalaria, temporários e permanentes, em Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE

Realizou-se um inquérito malacológico em criadouros, permanentes e temporários, no bairro de Piedade, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, entre novembro de 2006 e novembro de 2007 com o objetivo de conhecer a fauna malacológica dessa localidade, bem como o potencial de transmissão da esquistossomose mansoni. Além de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), foram coletados moluscos Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1837), Pomacea sp e Melanoides tuberculatus (Muller, 1774). Do total de Biomphalaria glabrata coletado, 1.490 exemplares encontraram-se vivos, sendo que 74 (5%) estavam positivos para Schistosoma mansoni. O maior número de moluscos capturados e todos aqueles positivos para Schistosoma mansoni foram coletados na estação anual das chuvas. Foi observada também a presença de outras larvas de trematódeos infectando os moluscos Biomphalaria glabrata. Pertencentes às famílias Strigeidae e Diplostomatidae, apresentam, a primeira vista, morfologia que pode levar a confusão com as cercárias do Schistosoma mansoni, tornando-se indispensável seu conhecimento para o diagnóstico diferencial do agente causador da esquistossomose.

The origin and diversification of an evolutionary novelty: lessons from Drosophila oogenesis

In any area of study, it is necessary to define the subject of investigation. In the case of evolutionary novelty this is a particularly difficult task, as a clear definition of the concept that is suitable across di↵erent levels of biological organization has yet to emerge. We proceed with a definition for morphological novelty proposed by M¨uller and Wagner (1991), and introduce the dorsal appendages on eggs of Drosophilidae as such a novelty. These structures are part of the eggshell, and help supply oxygen to the embryo. A wide variety of phenotypes can be found, which is thought to have a single origin in the common ancestor of Drosophilidae.(...)

Inventario taxonômico e redescriçâo das espécies de Anostomideos (Characiformes, Anostomidae) do Baixo Rio Tocantins, PA, Brasil

RESUMOComo parte dos estudos ambientais que foram desenvolvidos pelo INPA, de 1980 a 1986, em convênio com a ELETRONORTE, na área de influência da UHE Tucuruí. são redescritas e ilustradas 20 espécies da damília Anostomidae do baixo rio Tocantins, entre Cametá e Itupiranga, PA: Leporinus affins, L. tigrinus, L. desmotes, L. sp. 4, L. trifasciatus, L. friderici, L. sp. 1, L. sp. 2, L. sp. 3, L. granti, L. pachiycheilus, Laemolyta petiti, L. taeniata, Anostomoides laticeps, A. sp. 1, Anostomus ternetzi, Leporellus vittatus, Schizodon vittatus, Sartor tucuruiense e Abramites hypselenotus. Cinco espécies (Laemolyta petiti, Leporinus affinis, L. sp. 2, Anostomoides sp. 1 e Sartor tucuruiense) somente foram assiladas até agora para a bacia do Tocantins-Araguaia. Por outro lado, outras espécies anostomídeos, melhor representadas na bacia Amazônica, não foram encontrados no baixo Tocantins, fazendo supor que esta área, do ponto de vista ictiológico, está relativamente iosolado do restante da bacia Amazônica e possui um certo grau de endemismo. A maioria das espécies ocorre amplamente no baixo Tocantins, sendo que algumas apresentam acentuada preferência por determinados biótopos, como por exemplo Leporinus pachycheilus, L. desmotes, L. sp. 1 e Sartor tucuruiense, por corredeiras; Leporinus sp. 3, Anostomus ternetzi, por igarapés; Schizodon vittatus e Laemolyta taeniata,por zonas marginais, periodicametne alagáveis. A partir da análise dos caracteres merísticas e morfométricas, sobretudo o número, a forma e disposição dos dentes, posição da boca e número de escamas, a apresentada uma chave de identificação para as espécies estudadas.

MONITORAMENTO DE LEPIDÓPTEROS, ASSOCIADOS A PLANTIOS DE EUCALIPTO DA REGIÃO DE AÇAILÂNDIA (MARANHÃO), NO PERÍODO DE AGOSTO/90 A JULHO/91.

Muitas das espécies de insetos associadas ao plantios de eucalipto são consideradas pragas, enquanto outras ainda não apresentam uma relação definida com estas florestas. Amostragens quinzenais da entomofauna, realizadas com armadilhas luminosas, no período de agosto/90 a julho/91, revelaram a existência de 263 espécies de Lepidoptera associadas aos plantios de eucalipto da região de Açailândia (Maranhão). Destas, sete são consideradas pragas primarias: Eupseudosoma aberransSchaus, 1905 e Eupseudosoma involutaSepp, 1852 (Arctiidae), "Thyirrteina leucoceraeaRindge, 1961, Glenaspp., e Oxydia veuliaCramer, 1779 (Geometridae); Nystalea nyseusCramer, 1775 (Notodontidae); Sarsina violascensHerrich-Schaeffer, 1856 (Lymantriidae) e seis pragas sencundárias: Automeris illustrisWalker, 1855 Automenis sp., Hyperchiria incisaWalker, 1855 e Hyfesiasp. (Satumiidae), Cosmosoma augeLinné, 1767 (Amatidae) e idalus affinis(Arctiidae).

Preferência de vôo de nove espécies da família scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) na Amazônia Central1

Neste trabalho foi avaliada a preferência por altura de vôo de nove espécies da família Scolytidae, capturadas com armadilhas Escolitídeo/Curitiba e Marques/Carrano/Abreu, instaladas a 1; 3; 5; 7,5 e 10m de altura na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, no km 22 da rodovia AM-010 (Manaus, AM). Para isto foi feita uma análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O resultado das análises mostraram que, independente da armadilha utilizada, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, Xyleborus sp. 1 e Monarthrum sp. 1 apresentaram preferência de vôo por alturas inferiores a 3m; Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn) mostrou preferência por alturas superiores a 5m; e Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius acima de 7,5m; Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff não apresentou preferência por qualquer altura de vôo. Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood e Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff apresentaram divergência quanto à tendência de vôo, em relação às armadilhas utilizadas.