1000 resultados para Peso de nascimento muito baixo
Avaliao da tendncia do baixo peso ao nascer em Porto Alegre : anlise de uma srie temporal de 10 anos
Resumo:
The Kangaroo Program was implemented in Brazil in 2000 through the Unified Health System (Sistema nico de Sade SUS) sustained with a humanized rethoric of health care assistance. This program adopts the skin-to-skin contact contributing to the mother-infant bond, breastfeeding and promoting security in mother s care. The users of SUS are encouraged to live in the maternity ward to follow the baby health improvement. However, it was verified in previous observations that mothers participation in the Kangaroo Program has been done through an imposed practice. Therefore, this study intended to understand the texts that permeate the kangaroo practice. This research was developed through two studies: 1) an historic exploration of motherhood concept and an analysis of how the motherhood is presented in the official document that orients the program; 2) an analysis of institutional dynamic of Kangaroo Program, emphasizing the study about the health workers everyday practice, the mothers view about their life in the maternity wards, and the attendance practice. It is highlighted that the relation between this two studies allowed the comprehension abouthow the official discourses can influence the health workers behaviors and how their viewpoint and position can shape the everyday work in a public health program. This research, supported by Institutional Ethnography, considers that people s practices and experiences are socially organized and shaped by broad social forces. The discourse method was used in the documental analysis and in the analysis of qualitative data from empiric research. The research showed that the kangaroo program has been an excellent way to save resources and to improve some baby s biologic and psychological aspects. However, this program has failed to consider the social, economic and cultural complexity of mothers and the structural limitation of the health care system. The official document uses the economic and medical approach, following the hegemonic biomedical model and the life style of the people that don t use the public health system. Consequently, the program has not been successful because it is planned without people participation. On the other hand, it was verified that although some professionals are committed with their work, the mainly does not consider mothers participation as an active process, using the institutional power as a social control to keep mothers uninformed about the possibility to leave the maternity wards. As a result, the research also showed that mothers perceive the program as mandatory and not as option that can improve pleasure moments. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the complex social determinants of health that can increase mothers participation in the Kangaroo Program. Bringing these issues into debate can be a reflective exercise on citizenship and governance, allowing spaces for the improvement of public health programs
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Background:Low birth weight(LBW) isa risk factor formorbidity, infant and child mortality. In Brazilthe highest percentages oflow birth weightoccur inregionsofbettersocio-economic status. Objective: to know the spatial distributionofrates of lowbirth weight andcorrelation withsocial indicatorsand service. Drawing: ecological, and Brazilian statesas units ofanalysis. Methodologyused thetechnique ofspatial analysis, data from 2009SINASC, IPEAandIBGE. Results:higher rates oflow birth weightare in the statesof the south/southeast,GlobalMoran: 0.267, p=0.02.Clustersofhigh-hightypein the Southeastandlow-lowstates ofthe Amazon region.Conclusion: Thespatial inequalityoflow birth weightreflectsthe socioeconomic conditionsof the states. More developed regionsholdhigher rates oflow birth weight, therefore,the presenceof the serviceandits usedodecrease infant mortalityandincrease theBPN
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OBJETIVOS: avaliar as prticas assistenciais, a ocorrncia de doenas, a mortalidade durante a hospitalizao e os fatores associados em recm-nascidos prematuros de muito baixo peso (PT-MBP). MTODOS: estudo transversal comparando dois perodos: 1995-1997 e 1998-2000 e envolvendo todos os PT-MBP nascidos vivos (n= 451), em um centro perinatal, em Botucatu, So Paulo, Brasil. Os fatores de risco pr-natal e ps-natal foram submetidos a anlise multivariada. RESULTADOS: a mortalidade diminuiu de 36,2% para 29,5%. A sobrevida melhorou e foi superior a 50% a partir de 28 semanas e de 750 g de peso. O uso de corticosteride antenatal aumentou de 25% para 42%, o surfactante exgeno de 14% para 28%, com reduo na incidncia e gravidade da sndrome do desconforto respiratrio. A regresso logstica mostrou que a sndrome do desconforto respiratrio grave, Odds ratio=18, e a sepse precoce, Odds ratio=2,8, foram importantes fatores de risco para morte em 1995-1997. No perodo de 1998-2000, a sepse precoce e tardia, Odds ratio=10,5 e 12, respectivamente, aumentaram o risco de morte. CONCLUSES: a melhora na assistncia perinatal diminuiu a mortalidade do PT-MBP. O aumento na exposio antenatal ao corticosteride diminuiu a gravidade da sndrome do desconforto respiratrio. em 1998-2000, a sepse foi o nico fator de risco para morte.
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OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma reviso de literatura sobre as alteraes orais em crianas prematuras e de baixo peso ao nascer. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram selecionados artigos em ingls e portugus, desde 1976 at 2009, pesquisados no PubMed, Lilacs e na Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO), alm de livros e consensos nacionais e internacionais. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: prematuro, recm-nascido de baixo peso, crie dentria, hipoplasia do esmalte dentrio, manifestaes bucais e dentio primria. Selecionaram-se artigos avaliando incidncia, prevalncia e etiologia das alteraes orais, alm de revises de literatura e relatos de casos clnicos. SNTESE DOS DADOS: As alteraes orais mais comuns em crianas prematuras e de baixo peso ao nascer so os defeitos no esmalte dentrio (hipoplasias e hipocalcificaes), a predisposio ao desenvolvimento de leses de crie dentria, as alteraes na cronologia de erupo dentria e as alteraes no palato com consequente aparecimento de malocluso. Outras alteraes tambm so relatadas, como diferenas nas dimenses das coroas dentrias e na espessura e porosidade do esmalte dentrio. A interao entre pediatras e odontopediatras fundamental no manejo dessas crianas. CONCLUSES: O conhecimento das alteraes orais em crianas pr-termo e de baixo peso ao nascer por parte dos pediatras e odontopediatras favorece a atuao multidisciplinar com o objetivo de educar, prevenir e atenuar as possveis mudanas fsicas e dentrias nessas crianas.
Resumo:
Quatro guas sem raa definida (idade e peso corporal mdios de seis anos e 400 kg) foram distribudas em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino para se avaliar o valor nutritivo e o estudo cintico do trato digestivo de gros secos ou ensilados de sorgo de baixo e alto contedos de tanino na alimentao de eqinos. Os tratamentos consistiram de dietas contendo dois hbridos de gros de sorgo (baixo e alto nveis de tanino) e dois mtodos de conservao (secos e ensilados). As dietas foram isoproticas (12,4% PB), com ingesto diria de MS estabelecida em 1,5% PV (relao feno:concentrado de 50: 50). Os parmetros de trnsito gastrintestinal avaliados foram: k1 (taxa de passagem pelo intestino grosso), k2 (taxa de passagem pelo estmago), TT (tempo de trnsito), TMR (tempo mdio de reteno) e TMRT (tempo mdio de reteno total). Os tratamentos no afetaram os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDa) da MS e do amido, cujos valores mdios foram 54,04 e 98,91%, respectivamente. Verificou-se efeito benfico da ensilagem dos gros de sorgo de alto contedo de tanino sobre a digestibilidade da PB e FDN. A CDa da PB e FDN para a dieta contendo gros secos de sorgo de alto teor de tanino foi de 49,76 e 32,20% e para as dietas com gros de sorgo de baixo contedo de tanino (seco ou ensilado) e gros ensilados de sorgo de alto teor de tanino foi de 65,63 e 43,32%, respectivamente. Obteve-se somente efeito do mtodo de conservao dos gros de sorgo (secos vs ensilados) sobre o TMR, em que o valor para as dietas com silagens de gros ensilados e secos foi, respectivamente, de 40,08 e 37,9h. Concluiu-se que os gros de sorgo secos de alto teor de tanino no devem ser usados como principal gro energtico nos concentrados para eqinos, por diminurem a digestibilidade da protena e fibra.
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Birth weight and placental weight of 566 newborns were determined. The newborns were classified by birth weight and gestational age in seven groups: term, preterm and postterm newborns with weight appropriate for gestational age; term and postterm newborns small for gestational age; term and preterm newborns large for gestational age. The differences in the mean placental weight in the preterm, term and postterm newborns with weight appropriate for gestational age were not significant. After 34 weeks of gestation there was little increase in placental weight. The mean placental weight of newborns large for gestational age was significantly different from that of term newborns appropriate for gestational age. In the term and postterm newborns small for gestational age the mean placental weight was significantly different from term and postterm newborns appropriate for gestational age. These findings suggest that newborns with an appropriate intrauterine growth have little increase in placental weight in the gestational period. Gestational age is not an important factor in determining placental weight in this period. Nutrition is important for placental growth-retarded infants have small placentas and large-for-date infants have large placental weight.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
