937 resultados para Percentagem de massa gorda


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OBJETIVO: Analisar a concordância e eficiência de três valores críticos para índice de massa corporal (IMC) na indicação da obesidade abdominal e do excesso de gordura corporal em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal, em que participaram do estudo 807 jovens, de ambos os sexos (entre 11 e 17 anos), e foram aferidos valores de massa corporal, estatura, circunferência de cintura e gordura corporal relativa. A curva ROC analisou a eficiência dos pontos de corte para índice de massa corporal. RESULTADOS: Os três valores críticos analisados apresentaram moderada concordância na indicação da obesidade abdominal (0,54 a 0,66) e elevados valores de sensibilidade (77,4% a 92,8%) e especificidade (75,6% a 91,6%) para a indicação do estado nutricional. A proposta nacional foi mais sensível na indicação de concomitante excesso de gordura corporal e obesidade abdominal (97,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Todos os valores críticos analisados apresentaram desempenho similar na indicação do estado nutricional e da obesidade abdominal, no entanto a proposta nacional foi mais sensível na indicação de indivíduos obesos com elevado risco cardiovascular.

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Chrysomya megacephala (F.), a exemplo de muitas outras moscas-varejeiras, utiliza recursos discretos e efêmeros para alimentação e oviposição, tais como carcaças em decomposição. O contexto espacial em que ocorre competição por alimento em C. megacephala caracteriza-se por duas populações: indivíduos adultos dispersando-se e imaturos que são depositados nos substratos pelas fêmeas adultas. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar aspectos da bionomia associados com competição larval por alimento em populações experimentais de C. megacephala, incluindo comportamento de ovipostura e peso mínimo necessário para pupação. Os resultados indicaram que fêmeas depositam parte de seus ovos produzidos, contrastando com estudos anteriores que consideraram apenas ovipostura completa. A percentagem de eclosão de larvas foi alta (90 %) e o peso mínimo necessário para pupação situou-se entre 30 e 32 mg.

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O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de sódio para poedeiras nos períodos de repouso e segundo ciclo de postura. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras da linhagem Hy line W-36, pós-muda forçada, com 60 semanas de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 (três níveis de sódio no período de repouso x três níveis de sódio no período de postura), totalizando nove tratamentos com três repetições de oito aves cada. Foram avaliadas, em quatro ciclos de 28 dias, as seguintes variáveis: produção e peso dos ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, massa de ovos, qualidade do albúmen, percentagem de casca, gravidade específica e espessura das cascas. Não foram encontrados efeitos significativos dos níveis de sódio sobre as variáveis estudadas, entretanto, para a espessura de casca, o menor resultado foi obtido com o nível de 0,15% de sódio. Os níveis de sódio de 0,15% no período de repouso e de 0,25% no período de postura foram suficientes para atender às exigências nutricionais de poedeiras no segundo ciclo de postura.

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It were analyzed Eucalyptus grandis trees of 8 years old in the forest group of Duraflora S/A, with different annual increments based on volume, to the related studies of specific gravity values based on productivity indexes. The methodology used in analysis of specific gravity was the gamma-ray attenuation technique of Americium-241. The Eucalyptus grandis showed a specific gravity decreasing with the increasing of parcel productivity. For a gain of 3,5 m3 in productivity there was a decreasing of 1% in specific gravity. Nevertheless, it was not observed correlation between specific gravity and basal area in a same parcel. The present work stands out too, some of the difficulties found with relation to wood specific gravity determinations and emphasize the importance of take samples in the form of full rounded plates in three or four relative positions in the tree.

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The speed and magnitude of tropical pastures expansion in Brazil are related to the availability of quality seeds. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of two Brachiaria species submitted to germination and viability tests and also estimate, for both species, the fresh and dry mass yield, under different irrigated crop-livestock integration systems. For field analysis, the experimental design was a randomized complete block, in subplots, with four intercrops in the plot (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and Brachiaria ruziziensis simultaneously established with corn and nitrogen fertilization coverage), and four forage cutting times, in the winter/spring season, in subplots, with four replications. In the laboratory, the experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications per treatment/test. The germination and viability tests indicated that B. brizantha seeds showed higher physiological quality, when compared with B. ruziziensis, while the tetrazolium test and germinated seedlings characteristics were similar. The B. ruziziensis, simultaneously intercropped with corn, was the less viable intercrop, due to the lower fresh and dry mass yield and litter deposition on the soil surface. In general, the pasture formation for the second season cultivation, intercropped with corn, was an excellent alternative for crop-livestock integration under a no-tillage system.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the dry mass yield and chemical composition of four Brachiaria species in different options for sowing, exclusively or in intercrop with corn crop, under a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out during the growing seasons of 2006 at FEPE (FE/Unesp, Ilha Solteira Campus) located in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The soil of the experimental area was classified as distroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (4 × 4), with five replications. The treatments consisted of four Brachiaria species (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mulato II grass) grown in rows and spread on total area, exclusively or intercropped simultaneously with corn crop sowing. The study evaluated the dry mass yield and total digestible nutrients, crude protein, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin content of forage. The spread on total area intercrop of forages with corn crop proved to be viable by presenting similar dry mass yield to exclusive sowing arrangements, conversely to what happened with intercrop in row of corn crop, which decreased such yield. Brachiaria ruziziensis showed superior chemical composition and the intercrops increased energy and crude protein contents, and decreased cell wall components.

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Culture options for the autumn-winter season are a major problem for production systems under low rainfall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing season on dry matter yield, nutrient content of the shoot and soil covering percentage of coverage plants on the soil on the intercrop: grain sorghum, rattlepods, pearl millet brachiaria grass and an area with weeds (fallow). The experiment was conducted under field conditions on an Oxisol (Haplustox), clay texture, in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with eight replications, two sowing seasons and five coverage treatments. When the sorghum culture of the first sowing season reached the harvest stage, the dry matter yield on the other treatments was evaluated. Results showed that sowing in March results in higher dry mass yield and higher soil coverage percentage in the studied species. In the first sowing season, Brachiaria brizantha presents higher dry matter yield and macronutrients extraction.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro dry mass (DM) digestibility of sugar cane with urea, maintained in the shade and sun, at different storage times. The utilized design was the completely randomized in a factorial scheme 6x2, that is, six storage times after the mixing (0; 2; 4; 6; 12 and 24 hours) and two storage location (shade and sun), with three replicates. The sugarcane utilized presented 12 months of development and was disintegrated for application of mixture (nine parts of urea for one of ammonium sulfate) to 1.0kg/100.0kg of fresh sugarcane. The samples taken with 12 hours of storage indicated that was an increase in the content of DM and crude protein (CP) of sugar cane compared to the moment of the mixture (307.6 vs. 294.2g/kg of DM and 115.2 vs. 99.3 g/kg of DM, respectively), and the smaller content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was observed around of 12 hours of storage (465.0g/kg of DM). The coefficients of in vitro dry mass digestibility (IVDMD) ranged of 0.558 to 0.612 in the times 0 and 12 hours, respectively. The length of storage changes the chemical composition of sugar cane plus urea. The storage location changes the dry mass content and pH values.

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The experimental unit of measurement is a suitable technique to estimate the average character in evaluation, and experimentation should be well understood and executed, because the precision characterizes the quality of the inferences of the results. This research aimed to analyze the possibility to obtaining the quantity of fruit required for sampling of lychee plants, to determining the average mass of the fruits, with less sampling error. One hundred fruits were collected, in a hectare, in two cropping systems, conventional and organic, being one fruit per plant. From the data of fruit mass was used the Excel® to calculate the average fruit mass and number of fruits samples needed to represent the area of the producer. The results show that to achieve a sampling error of 10% for determining the average mass of fruit, 400 fruits should be collected for organic system and 370 for the conventional, while for 20% sampling error, it is necessary to collect 250 fruits per hectare in organic system and 220 in the conventional.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC