Giant condyloma acuminatum quickly growing. Case report

Background. Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (GCA) is a rare, slow growing, large cauliflower tumor of the penile foreskin and perianal region with benign histologic appearance but high propensity for local invasion and recurrences. GCA is associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) types 6 and 11 and it also has considerable risk of neoplastic transformation into fully invasive squamous cell carcinoma into about 5 years. Objective. Because of the rarity of perianal GCA, to date there is no general agreement on the best method for treatment. We wanted to know if surgical approach only was a good method to treat our case. Case report. A 28 years old man, HIV-negative, with a 4 years history of perianal GCA quickly growing underwent full tickness local excision at least 0,7 cm margin of normal tissue with skin grafting taken from the thighs. Fecal contamination was avoided by diet and loperamide per os. At two years follow-up no recurrence was detected. Conclusion. Surgical approach with full tickness excision and immediate skin-grafting and regular follow-up demonstrated effective to treat GCA and to minimize disease recurrence.

El terror en los orígenes del totalitarismo y la política de la muerte

Con Los orígenes del totalitarismo Hannah Arendt propuso identificar el mal radical que los regímenes totalitarios efectuaron durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. La política de la muerte de Hit­ler y Stalin llegó a ser un flagelo hacia la humanidad y causó una gran intimidación que no escatimó la violencia y la aniquila­ción total de sus opositores. La política de la muerte significa no solo exterminar la vida desde un aspecto físico sino también desde un aspecto político, demostrando la capacidad de aislar al ser humano de su espontaneidad en la esfera pública y de su innegable pluralidad en los asuntos humanos. Las ideologías políticas que antecedieron a los regímenes totalitarios influyeron en la constitución de los partidos nacionalsocialista y bolchevismo, basando su discurso y ejecución mediante aconteci­mientos históricos que no fueron ajenos a su erección. La política de la muerte fue la determinación de todo un aparato estatal para acabar con la diversidad de los hom­bres y sumergirlos en la política macabra de los regímenes totalitarios, una política basada en la muerte.

El contexto político en la construcción de ciudadanos en la escuela colombiana: un cuestionamiento al conflicto y a la distorsión de la educación

En este artículo se tratará de revisar el contexto político de la escuela colombiana desde cuatro perspectivas fundamentales: la ciudadanía y la escuela, entendiendo esta como un proceso de construcción de ciudadanías; la revisión de algunas políticas de imposición, allí donde han incidido diferentes factores; una pregunta por el desplazamiento, y, por último, el reconocimiento que requiere la escuela, sus conflictos y su distorsión para iniciar una lucha desde la resistencia. Una de las conclusiones del texto será la edificación de las ciudadanías desde el criterio propio, no desde el de las imposiciones. Este texto se presenta como una disertación interesante, donde se insiste constantemente en que las políticas públicas no deben desplazar la labor de la escuela.

The effects of acute administration of Chinese aphrodisiacs sold in Blantyre City on sperm characteristics and fertility profile in guinea pigs

Background Chinese aphrodisiacs have become popular remedy for sexual dysfunction and improvement of libido in men in Malawi. However, selling of these drugs seems not to be well regulated. Probably the aphrodisiacs that are currently on the market have unknown efficacy, potency and safety profiles. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of imported Chinese aphrodisiacs using guinea pigs as a model. Materials and Methods Two types of drugs were purchased from vendors in Blantyre City. Tonic tea, which was purported to improve erectile function and libido, and sperm multiplier tablets which were claimed to increase the sperm count. The tonic tea was prepared by soaking one tea bag in 100ml boiling water. The tea was cooled and administered to eight male experimental animals in varying doses. Each animal was introduced into a separate cage with a female guinea pig. Sexual behaviour such as mounting, sniffing behind the female were observed and recorded. Each sperm multiplier tablet was dissolved in distilled water and administered to the experimental animals in the morning and evening for seven days. At the end of the treatment, the experimental and control animals were sacrificed, their semen collected and analysed sperm motility, concentration and morphology. Results For the tonic tea, there were no statistical differences between the experimental and the control animals in terms of the number of mountings and sniffing behind the female. The sperm multiplier drug showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control animals in terms of the sperm motility (78.24 ± 1.35 vs. 86.54 ± 1.88, p< 0.05), and concentration (54.28 ± 1.24 vs. 67.59 ± 2.12, p<0.05). Conclusion The tonic tea did not show any efficacy in improving erection and libido. The sperm multiplier tablets, purported to increase sperm production, significantly increased the sperm motility, sperm concentration in the treated animals.

Influencia de las espículas peneanas del cobayo sobre el comportamiento sexual, valoración espermática y fertilidad del macho

Determinar la influencia de las espículas peneanas en los cobayos machos sobre el comportamiento sexual, fertilidad y valores espermáticos, fue el objetivo principal de este proyecto de investigación, para ello se incluyeron 10 cobayos machos de cinco meses de edad, peso promedio 988,3±11,40 g y 40 hembras de cuatro meses de edad, peso promedio 815,3±11,80 g, bajo las mismas condiciones de alimentación y mantenimiento. Cinco machos seleccionados al azar fueron extirpados quirúrgicamente las espículas peneanas. Un cobayo entero y un intervenido fueron mantenidos, como reemplazo en el caso de muerte de una unidad experimental y se los excluyó del procedimiento inicial. Se realizaron tres ensayos: en el primero se dividieron en dos tratamientos T1= 4 cobayos machos con espículas peneanas + 20 hembras en jaulas separadas, T2= 4 cobayos machos extirpados las espículas peneanas + 20 hembras en jaulas separadas. Se analizó durante ocho días consecutivos el comportamiento sexual por observación directa de los cobayos en cada jaula. Para el segundo ensayo los mismos tratamientos T1 y T2, permanecieron por treinta días en empadre, para evaluación de la fertilidad. Finalmente en el último ensayo se analizaron parámetros espermáticos, por medio de la extirpación quirúrgica de los testículos y disección del epidídimo de los cobayos en estudio, para este ensayo se incluyeron los cobayos de reemplazo. El diseño experimental que se utilizó en la investigación fue un diseño completamente al azar, las pruebas de significación fueron, T de Student, prueba de Shapiro Wilk, para el análisis de homogeneidad de varianza se utilizó la técnica de Levene y se realizó el análisis de medias repetidas, todo esto con el programa SPSS para Windows versión 22®. Los parámetros de comportamiento sexual, olfateos, mordiscos y montas fueron similares (P>0,05), el número promedio de acicalamientos fue mayor en el grupo de machos enteros en relación al grupo sin espículas (P<0,05). El grupo de hembras que fueron copuladas por cobayos enteros quedaron preñadas un 65% más en comparación con las hembras que fueron cubiertas por los machos extirpados las espículas (P<0,01). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los análisis de parámetros seminales de los machos en estudio. Por lo tanto se concluye que la remoción de las espículas peneanas influye en la fertilidad, pero no en el comportamiento sexual y los valores espermáticos

Social Capital, HIV Risk Behavior and Substance Use among Recent Latino Immigrants in South Florida

Social capital, or social cohesion or group connectedness, can influence both HIV risk behavior and substance use. Because recent immigrants undergo a change in environment, one of the consequences can be a change in social capital. There may be an association among changes in social capital, and HIV risk behavior and substance use post immigration. The dissertation focused on the interface of these three variables among recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) in South Florida. The first manuscript is a systematic review of social capital and HIV risk behavior, and served as a partial background for the second and third manuscripts. Twelve papers with a measure of social capital as an independent variable and HIV risk as the dependent variable were included in the analysis. Eleven studies measured social capital at the individual level, and one study measured social capital at the group level. HIV risk was influenced by social capital, but the type of influence was dependent on the type of social capital and on the study population. Cognitive social capital, or levels of collective action, was protective against HIV in both men and women. The role of structural social capital, or levels of civic engagement/group participation, on HIV risk was dependent on the type of structural social capital and varied by gender. Microfinance programs and functional group participation were protective for women, while dysfunctional group participation and peer-level support may have increased HIV risk among men. The second manuscript was an original study assessing changes in social capital and HIV risk behavior pre to post immigration among RLIs in South Florida (n=527). HIV risk behavior was assessed through the frequency of vaginal-penile condom use, and the number of sexual partners. It was a longitudinal study using secondary data analysis to assess changes in social capital and HIV risk behavior pre immigration to two years post immigration, and to determine if there was a relationship between the two variables. There was an 8% decrease in total social capital (p ˂ .05). Reporting of ‘Never use’ of condoms in the past 90 days increased in all subcategories (p ˂ .05). Single men had a decrease in number of sexual partners (p ˂ .05). Lower social capital measured on the dimension of ‘friend and other’ was marginally associated with fewer sexual partners. The third manuscript was another original study looking at the association between social capital and substance use among RLIs in South Florida (n=527). Substance use with measured by frequency of hazardous alcoholic drinking, and illicit drug use. It was a longitudinal study of social capital and substance-use from pre to two years post immigration. Post-immigration, social capital, hazardous drinking and illicit drug use decreased (p˂.001). After adjusting for time, compared to males, females were less likely to engage in hazardous drinking (OR=.31, p˂.001), and less likely to engage in illicit drug use (OR=.67, p=.01). Documentation status was a moderator between social capital and illicit drug use. ‘Business’ and ‘Agency’ social capital were associated with changes in illicit drug use for documented immigrants. After adjusting for gender and marital status, on average, documented immigrants with a one-unit increase in ‘business’ social capital were 1.2 times more likely to engage in illicit drug use (p˂.01), and documented immigrants with one-unit increase in ‘agency’ social capital were 38% less likely to engage in illicit drug use (p˂.01). ‘Friend and other’ social capital was associated with a decrease in illicit drug use among undocumented immigrants. After adjusting for gender and marital status, on average, undocumented immigrants with a one-unit increase in ‘friend and other’ social capital were 45% less likely to engage in hazardous drinking and 44% less likely to use illicit drugs (p˂.01, p˂.05). Studying these three domains is relevant because HIV continues to be a public health issue, particularly in Miami-Dade County, which is ranked among other U.S. regions with high rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence. Substance use is associated with HIV risk behavior; in most studies, increased substance use is associated with increased chances of HIV risk behavior. Immigration, which is the hypothesized catalyst for the change in social capital, has an impact on the dynamic of a society. Greater immigration can be burdensome on the host country’s societal resources; however immigrants are also potentially a source of additional skilled labor for the workforce. Therefore, successful adaption of immigrants can have a positive influence on receiving communities. With Florida being a major receiver of immigrants to the U.S, this dissertation attempts to address an important public health issue for South Florida and the U.S. at large.

First molecular determination of herpesvirus from two mysticete species stranded in the Mediterranean Sea

BACKGROUND Herpesvirus can infect a wide range of animal species: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians and bivalves. In marine mammals, several alpha- and gammaherpesvirus have been identified in some cetaceans and pinnipeds species. To date, however, this virus has not been detected in any member of the Balaenoptera genus. CASE PRESENTATION Herpesvirus was determined by molecular methods in tissue samples from a male fin whale juvenile (Balaenoptera physalus) and a female common minke whale calf (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) stranded on the Mediterranean coast of the Region of Valencia (Spain). Samples of skin and penile mucosa from the fin whale and samples of skin, muscle and central nervous system tissue from the common minke whale tested positive for herpesvirus based on sequences of the DNA polymerase gene. Sequences from fin whale were identical and belonged to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Only members of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily were amplified from the common minke whale, and sequences from the muscle and central nervous system were identical. Sequences in GenBank most closely related to these novel sequences were viruses isolated from other cetacean species, consistent with previous observations that herpesviruses show similar phylogenetic branching as their hosts. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first molecular determination of herpesvirus in the Balaenoptera genus. It shows that herpesvirus should be included in virological evaluation of these animals.

Datas absolutas para os menhires do Alentejo - Portugal

In this paper we will present the latest results chronometric and their contexts of the main menhirs northern Alentejo in Portugal. The date now obtained for the Menhir of Patalou, located in Nisa municipality, (Cal BC 4340-4235) confirms that for more than two decades, in a similar context, we obtained the Menhir of the Meada, located in the Castelo de Vide municipality, (Cal BC 4810-5010) and so many doubts and controversies raised in view of its great antiquity. They position themselves in this way and safely in the old Neolithic the erection of these great phallic monuments.