Encoding order and developmental dyslexia:a family of skills predicting different orthographic components

We investigated order encoding in developmental dyslexia using a task that presented nonalphanumeric visual characters either simultaneously or sequentially—to tap spatial and temporal order encoding, respectively—and asked participants to reproduce their order. Dyslexic participants performed poorly in the sequential condition, but normally in the simultaneous condition, except for positions most susceptible to interference. These results are novel in demonstrating a selective difficulty with temporal order encoding in a dyslexic group. We also tested the associations between our order reconstruction tasks and: (a) lexical learning and phonological tasks; and (b) different reading and spelling tasks. Correlations were extensive when the whole group of participants was considered together. When dyslexics and controls were considered separately, different patterns of association emerged between orthographic tasks on the one side and tasks tapping order encoding, phonological processing, and written learning on the other. These results indicate that different skills support different aspects of orthographic processing and are impaired to different degrees in individuals with dyslexia. Therefore, developmental dyslexia is not caused by a single impairment, but by a family of deficits loosely related to difficulties with order. Understanding the contribution of these different deficits will be crucial to deepen our understanding of this disorder.

2D-3D registration of CT vertebra volume to fluoroscopy projection:a calibration model assessment

This study extends a previous research concerning intervertebral motion registration by means of 2D dynamic fluoroscopy to obtain a more comprehensive 3D description of vertebral kinematics. The problem of estimating the 3D rigid pose of a CT volume of a vertebra from its 2D X-ray fluoroscopy projection is addressed. 2D-3D registration is obtained maximising a measure of similarity between Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (obtained from the CT volume) and real fluoroscopic projection. X-ray energy correction was performed. To assess the method a calibration model was realised a sheep dry vertebra was rigidly fixed to a frame of reference including metallic markers. Accurate measurement of 3D orientation was obtained via single-camera calibration of the markers and held as true 3D vertebra position; then, vertebra 3D pose was estimated and results compared. Error analysis revealed accuracy of the order of 0.1 degree for the rotation angles of about 1mm for displacements parallel to the fluoroscopic plane, and of order of 10mm for the orthogonal displacement. © 2010 P. Bifulco et al.

Costs and benefits of orthographic inconsistency in reading:evidence from a cross-linguistic comparison

We compared reading acquisition in English and Italian children up to late primary school analyzing RTs and errors as a function of various psycholinguistic variables and changes due to experience. Our results show that reading becomes progressively more reliant on larger processing units with age, but that this is modulated by consistency of the language. In English, an inconsistent orthography, reliance on larger units occurs earlier on and it is demonstrated by faster RTs, a stronger effect of lexical variables and lack of length effect (by fifth grade). However, not all English children are able to master this mode of processing yielding larger inter-individual variability. In Italian, a consistent orthography, reliance on larger units occurs later and it is less pronounced. This is demonstrated by larger length effects which remain significant even in older children and by larger effects of a global factor (related to speed of orthographic decoding) explaining changes of performance across ages. Our results show the importance of considering not only overall performance, but inter-individual variability and variability between conditions when interpreting cross-linguistic differences.

Complementary gradients in expression and binding of ELF-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map

Peer reviewed

Complementary gradients in expression and binding of ELF-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map

Peer reviewed

ProjectION: Investigation Operative Networks

Corporations and enterprises have embraced the notion of shared experiences and collective workplaces by incorporating coworking places. A great deal of the methodology carries from the studio culture that architecture schools foster as well as think tank culture. Maker spaces and incubator spaces are prime examples of places that engender creative thought and products. This thesis seeks to explore the impact that architecture has on collaborative spaces with a focus on augmenting to their generated learning and design activities. The investigation explores the collaborative design process as a series of interactions between groups of individuals. This involves the impact of technology and its implications on those interactions. The goal of this thesis is not to further the use of a tool or systematic procedure, but to use architecture as a framing device to form places for collaborative processes.

Children's Library system, its projection in the Costa Rican Education

To focus the projection that libraries have had children in Costa Rican education, it is necessary to note that Costa Rica is one of the countries of Latin America, which has developed valuable experience of having specialized libraries in the care of preschool and school children , becoming an important resource in supporting educational and cultural level. This, then places it as a model country in this field in Latin America, on the initiative and from the heart of the capital, starting in 1971 with the opening of the Children's Library Carmen Lyra. System currently operates six libraries of this type, installed in different districts of the Central Canton of San Jose.

Orthographic regularization in Early Modern English: Grapheme distribution and vowel length indication

The present study is an attempt at assessing the level of consistency in the orthographic systems of selected sixteenth and seventeenth-century printers and at tracing the influence that normative writings could have potentially exerted on them. The approach taken here draws upon the philological tradition of examining and comparing several texts written in the same language, but produced at different times. The study discusses the orthography of the editions of The Schoole of Vertue, a manual of good conduct for children, published between 1557 and 1687. The orthographic variables taken into account fall into two criteria: the distribution and functional load of the selected graphemes and the indication of vowel length.

Porosity imaged by a vector projection algorithm correlates with fractal dimension measured on 3D models obtained by microCT

International audience

Induction optimale d'hypothermie par ventilation liquidienne totale : validation expérimentale et projection à l'humain

La ventilation liquidienne totale (VLT) consiste à remplir les poumons d'un liquide perfluorocarbone (PFC). Un respirateur liquidien assure la ventilation par un renouvellement cyclique de volume courant de PFC oxygéné et à température contrôlée. Ayant une capacité thermique volumique 1665 fois plus élevée que l'air, le poumon rempli de PFC devient un échangeur de chaleur performant avec la circulation pulmonaire. La température du PFC inspiré permet ainsi de contrôler la température artérielle, et par le fait même, le refroidissement des organes et des tissus. Des résultats récents d'expérimentations animales sur petits animaux ont démontré que le refroidissement ultra-rapide par VLT hypothermisante (VLTh) avait d'importants effets neuroprotecteurs et cardioprotecteurs. Induire rapidement et efficacement une hypothermie chez un patient par VLTh est une technique émergente qui suscite de grands espoirs thérapeutiques. Par contre, aucun dispositif approuvé pour la clinique n'est disponible et aucun résultat de VLTh sur humain n'est encore disponible. Le problème se situe dans le fait de contrôler la température du PFC inspiré de façon optimale pour induire une hypothermie chez l'humain tout en s'assurant que la température cardiaque reste supérieure à 30 °C pour éviter tout risque d'arythmie. Cette thèse présente le développement d'un modèle thermique paramétrique d'un sujet en VLTh complètement lié à la physiologie. Aux fins de validation du modèle sur des ovins pédiatriques et adultes, le prototype de respirateur liquidien Inolivent pour nouveau-né a dû être reconçu et adapté pour ventiler de plus gros animaux. Pour arriver à contrôler de façon optimale la température du PFC inspiré, un algorithme de commande optimale sous-contraintes a été développé. Après la validation du modèle thermique du nouveau-né à l'adulte par expérimentations animales, celui-ci a été projeté à l'humain. Afin de réduire le temps de calcul, un passage du modèle thermique en temps continu vers un modèle discret cycle-par-cycle a été effectué. À l'aide de la commande optimale et du développement numérique d'un profil de ventilation liquidienne chez des patients humains, des simulations d'induction d'hypothermie par VLTh ont pu être réalisées. La validation expérimentale du modèle thermique sur ovins nouveau-nés (5 kg), juvéniles (22 kg) et adultes (61 kg) a montré que celui-ci permettait de prédire les températures artérielles systémiques, du retour veineux et rectales. La projection à l'humain a permis de démontrer qu'il est possible de contrôler la température du PFC de façon optimale en boucle ouverte si le débit cardiaque et le volume mort thermique sont connus. S'ils ne peuvent être mesurés, la commande optimale pour le pire cas peut être calculée rendant l'induction d'hypothermie par VLTh sécuritaire pour tous les patients, mais diminuant quelque peu les vitesses de refroidissement.

A baseline projection of methane emissions by the Brazilian beef sector: preliminary results .

2007

Petroleomics By Electrospray Ionization Ft-icr Mass Spectrometry Coupled To Partial Least Squares With Variable Selection Methods: Prediction Of The Total Acid Number Of Crude Oils.

Negative-ion mode electrospray ionization, ESI(-), with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was coupled to a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression and variable selection methods to estimate the total acid number (TAN) of Brazilian crude oil samples. Generally, ESI(-)-FT-ICR mass spectra present a power of resolution of ca. 500,000 and a mass accuracy less than 1 ppm, producing a data matrix containing over 5700 variables per sample. These variables correspond to heteroatom-containing species detected as deprotonated molecules, [M - H](-) ions, which are identified primarily as naphthenic acids, phenols and carbazole analog species. The TAN values for all samples ranged from 0.06 to 3.61 mg of KOH g(-1). To facilitate the spectral interpretation, three methods of variable selection were studied: variable importance in the projection (VIP), interval partial least squares (iPLS) and elimination of uninformative variables (UVE). The UVE method seems to be more appropriate for selecting important variables, reducing the dimension of the variables to 183 and producing a root mean square error of prediction of 0.32 mg of KOH g(-1). By reducing the size of the data, it was possible to relate the selected variables with their corresponding molecular formulas, thus identifying the main chemical species responsible for the TAN values.

Sistema MINUS® - técnica minimamente invasiva para o tratamento das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.

Resonancias discursivas y cortesía en prácticas de lecto-escritura

In this paper we present a study of reading comprehension based on a contrastive argumentative-discursive approach. We examine the relationship between linguistic materiality and discursive processes, observing the connection between reading in a foreign language, writing production and textual memories in the mother tongue. In addition to an interest in practical language teaching and learning processes (in this case of Spanish and Portuguese), we investigate the question of politeness and the theoretical relationship between subjectivity, language, and textuality. The latter, being understood as the result of discourse regularities, is unique for each and every production, yet is also conditioned by plural discursive memories resulting from contradictory social relationships in a specific historical context (Foucault, 1986; Pêcheux, 1990). In the experiment presented here, we follow some of the procedures of the methodology applied in the European Galatea Project developed for the study of reading strategies in the inter-comprehension between Romance languages (Dabène, 1996). We use the procedure of simulation and the subjective projection of participants as well as the notion of discursive resonance in the analysis. The results, having to do with directness and indirectness in speech and the question of politeness in two typologically close languages, lead to the conclusion that the concept of politeness goes beyond a pragmatic strategy used to avoid conflicts to be approached as a marker of cultural identity constitution. The relevance of discursive awareness and its theoretical and practical consequences are then emphasized.