Sistemas de Alimentação com Livre Escolha e Semi Livre Escolha para Poedeiras

This research was carried out to verify the ability of laying hens to select food in order to meet their requirements for protein and energy. Ninety-six Hy-Line White laying hens, 45 weeks old, were allotted to a randomized block design with two blocks (two ranges of body weight), four treatments, and three replicates of four hens in each block. The treatments consisted of four different feeding systems: I-Conventional feeding represented by a complete ration composed of 60% ground corn and 40% protein concentrate; 2-Free-choice feeding with ground corn, protein concentrate and oyster shells fed in feeders with three separate compartments; 3-Semi free-choice feeding with whole corn grain, protein concentrate and oyster shells in the same proportion in one feeder; 4-Free-choice feeding with whole corn grain, protein concentrate and oyster shells fed in feeders with three separate compartments. The results indicated that the hens, in spite of age, adapt to different feeding systems, and that they can select feed to meet their nutrient requirements. The semi free-choice and free-choice feeding systems with whole corn grain resulted in the same performance compared to conventional feeding, but shell quality was not improved by oyster shell supplementation. However, the worst performance was with free-choice feeding with ground corn, which indicated that in the free-choice feeding system the use of whole corn grain is recommended.

Efeito do tipo de dieta e do sistema de alimentação na fase inicial sobre o desempenho de leitões

In this experiment, 96 piglets (Large White x Landrace) were fed simple (SD) or semi-complex (SCD) diets during the initial phase (SP), using a controlled (C) or ad libitum (AL) schedules during the first 14 days of the SP and ad libitum for the rest of SP. By the end of SP one male and one female from each pen were transferred to growing finishing pens where they were fed ad libitum diets specific to each phase. The experimental design consisted of randomized complete blocks with six replicates by treatment. Higher average daily feed intakes (ADFI) were observed during the first 14 days of the SP by pigs fed SCD. Pigs fed AL showed higher ADFI and average daily gains (ADG). No treatment differences were observed between the treatments in feed conversion (FC) or in incidence and severity of diarrhea. Considering SP as a whole, there was no effect of treatments on the variables studied. Treatments used in SF did not affect ADFI and ADG during the growing-finishing phases (GFP), although pigs fed SD showed better FC. The ADG was nor affected by treatments when the total period (SP+GFP) was considered. It can be concluded that a similar performance was obtained when SD or SCD were feci during the initial phase. independently of the feeding system.

Farelo de trigo e complexo enzimático na alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas na fase de produção

The study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of the wheat bran (WB) with or without supplementation of an enzymatic complex (EC) on the performance of semi-heavy hens in the egg-production phase. A total of 288 Lohmann Brown pullets were used, distributed to a completely randomized design in 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, composed by four WB levels (0, 3, 6 and 9%) in the ration and enzymatic complex supplementation (0 or 100g/100 kg diet), with eight treatments and six replicates of six birds. The enzymatic complex contained the enzymes beta-galactosidase, galactomananase, xilanase and alpha-glucanase. Feed intake, final body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, egg mass feed conversion or egg dozen feed conversion was not affected by WB inclusion in the diets. Egg shell specific gravity deteriorated as WB levels increase in the diets. None of the characteristics was affected by the enzymatic complex supplementation, except for egg weight, that improved from 62.74 to 64.28 g. Then, the use up to 9.0% of wheat bran in the ration is recommended for semi-heavily chickens in the production phase. The supplementation of alpha-galactosidase, galactomannanase, xylanase and alpha-glucanase improve egg weight.

Selênio orgânico na alimentação de matrizes de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Organic selenium in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock. The aim of this study to test the effect of organic selenium supplementation in the diets of Nile tilapia broodstock. Growth, reproductive performance and performance of fingerlings were evaluated. Eighty adult fish were used, with average weight of 121.7 g and divided into groups of four animals (3 female and 1 male) stocked in 20 tanks with 1.5 cubic meters. The fish were fed five diets containing different levels of organic selenium (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 mg kg-1 ration). In the experimental period, females from all tanks were captured and the eggs collected. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with five treatments and four replicates. To evaluate progeny performance, the fingerlings were shared in four aquariums and fed during 30 days with commercial diet (45% CP). The supplementation with organic selenium did not affect the productive performance as with the reproductive parameters of the broodstock (p > 0.05). on the other hand, the broodstock fed with 0.50 mg of organic selenium produced fingerlings that presented improved weight gain (p < 0.05) compared to fish fed the control diet.

Utilização de NaCl no suplemento como alternativa para viabilizar o sistema de alimentação de bezerros em creep-feeding

Thirty two Canchim suckling calves, maintained on rotational grazing system of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, were divided in three groups corresponding to three evaluated treatments: control (without creep-feeding); SAL5 (addition of 5% of NaCl to concentrate fed in creep-feeding); and SAL10 (addition of 10% of NaCl to concentrate fed in creep-feeding). Feeding in a creep-feeding system lasted 90 days, divided in three subperiods of 30 days. The body weight gain was greater in the subperiods 1 and 2 for SAL10 and SAL5 treatments, respectively. There were no differences in the third subperiod and, in the overall period, the SAL10 treatment (0.91 kg.animal-1.day-1) was better than control treatment (0.81 kg,animal-1.day-1). The monthly remuneration provided by the treatments SAL5 e SAL10 related to the control group were-12.5 and 6.0%, respectively. The body weight differentials at weaning, compared to the control group, for creep-feeding provide a monthly net profit of 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 6.0% should be 10.8, 11.0, 11.2, and 12.8 kg.animal-1 for SAL5 and 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 9.0 kg.animal-1 for SAL10. It was concluded that the limited supplement intake in creep-feeding was necessary to obtain economic viability.

Potencialidades da utilização de taninos na conservação de forragens e nutrição de ruminantes-revisão

This review present a discussion abouth the tannins. The tannins are compounds that have the ability to bind other macromolecules, reducing their availability to animal metabolism. This characteristic can be benefic or deleterious, depending on the tannin concentration degree in the plant and its structure. Positive effects are mainly related with a better use of the dietary protein and an increased efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. The use of tannins to reduce ruminal methane emission has been subject of current researches, firmly indicating a decrease of ruminal methanogenesis. However, many of these studies, carried out to evaluate the effects of tannins on forage fermentation and animal metabolism, are based on legume plants, so their results can not be surpassed to studies concerning tanniniferous grasses. By improving the characterization of the profile and reactivity of tannins in tanniniferous forages, such as some sorghum hybrids, as well as conducting experiments to demonstrate the effects of tannins on animal metabolism and performance, the real potential of forages with tannin will be enlightened.

O uso da silagem de subprodutos da filetagem de peixe na alimentação de suínos em crescimento - parâmetros séricos

The study was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of increasing levels (0, 3,0 and 6.0%) of fish silage (SSFP), in the ration. The parameters studied were urea, uric acid, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoproteins (LDL, HDL and VLDL). Eighteen female piglets Moura weighting and crossbred Duroc x Moura, were used with 24,0± 3,0 kg in average weight and 90 days of age and eighteen male pigs Moura and crossbred Duroc x Moura, with 31,5±5,0 kg in average weight and 70 days of age in a randomized design with 3 treatments. The results showed no effect to the addition up to 6,0% of SSPF in the swine diet neither for in growth, nor to the serum parameters, even if had been found alteratum on the urea plasmatic concentrations experiments. All the parameters was closed to the normal value recommended in the literature.

Artemia sp. na alimentação de larvas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

A considerable problem in the catfish larvae rearing is related to the first feeding. This study aimed to determine the larvae growth and the survival of silver catfish submitted to feeding with Artemia sp. in different time periods. The study was conducted in the Aquaculture Laboratory of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, with four treatments and five replications, constituted by feeding with Artemia sp. in 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, and after each period of time, by its replacement by ration. We used 200 larvae distributed into 20 aquariums, soon after the eggs hatched. The larvae were fed 4 times a day until apparent satiation for 30 days. The Artemia sp. feeding for 15 days provided the best results on weight gain, final length and survival.

Desempenho e morfometria duodenal de frangos de corte submetidos a diferentes níveis de energia e programas de alimentação de 42 a 57 dias de idade

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of different energy levels and amino acid recommendations on performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of broilers from 42 to 57 days of age. We used 1,600 one-day old male broilers (Cobb 500) in a completely randomized design arranged in a 2x4 factorial scheme with 3,200 and 3,600 kcal ME/kg and four different feed programs. The metabolizable energy levels and the feed programs did not determine significant differences in carcass characteristics for choosing a level of energy or a feed program, thus the energy level and the recommendations of amino acids that determine the highest cost-benefit ratio should prevail. It was observed that 3,600 kcal ME/kg resulted in some improvement on performance and morphometry of the intestinal mucosa, also the fractioning of digestible amino acid requirements during two periods resulted in worse performance and intestinal villi height.

Efeito da alimentação e densidade de estocagem no desempenho zootécnico e perfil celular do hepatopâncreas do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Inclusão do farelo de amendoim em dietas para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biologia de Knodus moenkhausii (Teleostei, Characidade) em riachos do Alto Paraná: alimentação, ocorrência e reprodução

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atividade de enzimas digestivas de Lithobates catesbeianus durante o desenvolvimento larval

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Suplementação dietética de selênio e vitamina E: variáveis fisiológicas e desempenho de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Programa nacional de alimentação escolar: sistematização, importância e presença no município de Monte Alto - SP

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR