Maximum number of flux lines inside columnar defects

We set new limits for the maximum number of fluxons trapped inside columnar defects, for both cases of metallic and insulated cores. We show that the saturation limit predicted by the Mkrtchyan and Shmidt theory is just a first approximation to our results, because it does not consider the presence of the remaining flux lines exterior to the defects.

HERITABILITY OF THE NUMBER OF OVARIOLES IN HONEY-BEE WORKERS (APIS-MELLIFERA L) (HYM, APIDAE)

Narrow and broad sense heritabilities (h(2)) of the number of ovarioles in Apis mellifera L. workers were estimated using two distinct data sets, based on groups of half (queens inseminated by several drones) and super-sisters (single drone insemination). The values found are in the usual range for economically important characters (0.25-0.38).

P elements in the saltans group of Drosophila: a new evaluation of their distribution and number of genomic insertion sites

Few are studies on P elements that have addressed the saltans group. These studies had shown that species from the cordata and elliptica subgroups were devoid of any discernible P homologous sequences, while species from the parasaltans, sturtevanti, and saltans subgroups all contain P element sequences. Our analyses showed the presence of one to 15 P element insertion sites in species of the saltans group, including Drosophila neocordata and Drosophila emarginata (cordata and elliptica subgroups, respectively). From these species, only those from the parasaltans, sturtevanti, and saltans subgroups harbor canonical P elements and, only those of the last two subgroups seem to harbor putative full-sized elements. Due to the low similarity of the sequences found in D. neocordata and D. emarginata to those earlier described, we suggest that these sequences might be rudimental P element derivatives that were present in the ancestral of the subgenus Sophophora. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrostatic force microscopy as a tool to estimate the number of active potential barriers in dense non-Ohmic polycrystalline SnO2 devices

In the present work, electroactive grain boundaries of highly dense metal oxide SnO2-based polycrystalline varistors were determined by electrostatic force microscopy (EFM). The EFM technique was applied to identify electroactive grain boundaries and thus estimate the amount of active grain boundary, which, in the metal oxide SnO2-based varistor, was calculated at around 85%, i.e., much higher than that found in traditional metal oxide ZnO-based varistors. The mean potential barrier height value obtained from the EFM analysis was in complete agreement with the values calculated from the C-V measurements, together with a complex capacitance plane analysis that validates the methodology proposed here. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Methods to estimate the number of surface nucleation sites on glass particles

Based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory, we propose two new models to describe the crystallisation kinetics of glass particles and use them to determine the density of nucleation sites, N(s), on glass powders. We tested these models with sintered compacts of diopside glass particles using sinter-crystallisation treatments at 825 degrees C (T(g)similar to 727 degrees C), that covered from null to almost 100% crystallised volume time fraction. We measured and compared the evolution of the crystallised volume fractions by optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Then we fit our expressions to experimental data using Ns and R (the average particle radius) as adjustable parameters. For comparison, we also fit to our data existing expressions that describe the crystallised volume fraction in glass powders. We demonstrate that all the methods allow one to estimate N(s) with reasonable accuracy. For our ground and water washed diopside glass powder, N(s) is between 10(10)-10(11) sites.m(-2). The reasonable agreement between experimental and adjusted R confirms the consistency of all five models tested. However, one of our equations does not require taking into account the change of crystallisation mode from 3-dimensional to 1-dimensional, and this is advantageous.

Effect of age and number of parturitions on uterine and ovarian variables in owl monkeys

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the number of critical periods for planar polynomial systems

In this paper we get some lower bounds for the number of critical periods of families of centers which are perturbations of the linear one. We give a method which lets us prove that there are planar polynomial centers of degree l with at least 2[(l - 2)/2] critical periods as well as study concrete families of potential, reversible and Lienard centers. This last case is studied in more detail and we prove that the number of critical periods obtained with our approach does not. increases with the order of the perturbation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Heritability of the number of ovarioles in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.) (hym.:apidae)

Narrow and broad sense heritabilities (h2) of the number of ovarioles in Apis mellifera L. workers were estimated using two distinct data sets, based on groups of half (queens inseminated by several drones) and super-sisters (single drone insemination). The values found are in the usual range for economically important characters (0.25-0.38).

Differences in the number of sensilla coeloconica and sensilla ampullacea of segment 10 of the antennae of Africanized and Caucasian bees and of their F1 hybrids

The numbers of sensilla coeloconica and sensilla ampullacea of segment 10 of the antennae of Caucasian and Africanized worker bees and of their hybrids were counted with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. Africanized bees have fewer sensilla than Caucasian bees and the continuous distribution obtained from the F1 values suggests polygenic inheritance for the control of this trait. There are also indications that the hybrid Brazilian Apis mellifera studied here are close to typical African bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) in terms of number of sensilla.

Differential dispersion relations with an arbitrary number of subtractions: A recursive approach

Making use of a recursive approach, derivative dispersion relations are generalized for an arbitrary number of subtractions. The results for both cross even and odd amplitudes are theoretically consistent at sufficiently high energies and in the region of small momentum transfer. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Critical number of atoms for attractive Bose-Einstein condensates with cylindrically symmetrical traps

The critical number of atoms for Bose-Einstein condensates with cylindrically symmetrical traps were calculated. The time evolution of the condensate was also studied at changing ground state. A conjecture on higher-order nonlinear effects was also discussed to determine its signal and strength. The results show that by exchanging frequencies, the geometry favors the condensation of larger number of particles.

Number of larval instars of the ant Pachycondyla (=Neoponera) villosa (Formicidae: Ponerinae) determined by the rule of Dyar

In this work we present the number of larval instars in the Ponerinae ant Pachycondyla (=Neoponera) villosa. The analysis of maximal head capsule width measurement of 147 larvae was made. Four larval instars were measured: 1st instar the cephalic capsule varied from 0.18mm to 0.22mm; 2nd instar from 0.23mm to 0.27mm; 3rd instar from 0.30mm to 0.33mm and the 4th instar varied from 0.35mm to 0.38mm. The mean growth rate was 1.2375 according to the rule of Dyar. We also reviewed the number of larval instars for 35 ant species.

Effect of anharmonicities in the critical number of trapped condensed atoms with an attractive two-body interaction

The quantitative effect in the maximum number of particles and other static observables was determined. A deviation in the harmonic trap potential that is effective only outside the central part of the potential, with the addition of a term that is proportional to a cubic or quartic power of the distance was considered. Results showed that this study could be easily transferred to other trap geometries to estimate anharmonic effects.

Is the number of antennal plate organs (sensilla placodea) greater in hygienic than in non-hygienic Africanized honey bees?

Hygienic behavior is a desirable trait in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), as hygienic bees quickly remove diseased brood, intermpting the infectious cycle. Hygienic lines of honey bees appear to be more sensitive to the odors of dead and diseased honey bee brood, and Africanized honey bees are generally more hygienic than are European honey bees. We compared the number of sensilla placodea, antennal sensory structures involved in the perception of odor, in 10 bees from each of six hygienic and four non-hygienic colonies of Africanized honey bees. The sensilla placodea of three of the terminal segments (flagellomeres) of the right antenna of each bee were counted with a scanning electron microscope. There were no significant differences in the mean numbers of sensilla placodea between the hygienic and non-hygienic bees, though the variance was higher in the hygienic group. Flagellomere 4 had significantly more sensilla placodea than flagellomeres 6 and 8. However, there was no significant difference between the other two flagellomeres. As hygienic bees are capable of identifying dead, injured, or infested brood inside a capped brood cell, sensilla placodea probably have an important role in enabling worker bees to sense sick brood. However, we did not find greater numbers of this sensory structure in the antennae of hygienic, compared to non-hygienic Africanized honey bees.