Evaluación de 16 genotipos de frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), por su reacción a tizón sureño (Sclerotium rolfsii sacc), bajo condiciones de invernadero

Con el propósito de identificar fuentes de resistencia para la enfermedad tizón sureño, ( SclerotiumrolfsiiSacc ), 16 genotipos de frijol negro ( Phaseolusvulgaris L .), fueron examinados por su reacción a la infección inducida. La investigación se llevó a en los invernaderos de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, ubicado en el km 12 ½ Carretera Norte en los meses de Junio y Julio de los años 2004 y 2005. Para determinar la efectividad del patógeno se realizó una prueba de patogenicidad y virulencia utilizando 3 aislados Arenal Masatepe ( AM), Sabanita Masatepe (SM) y Ojoche Masatepe ( OM) provenient es del departamento de Masaya con 3 niveles de inoculo (1.0 , 2.0 , 3.0 ml, de solución hongo PDA - agua), sobre el cultivar susceptible de frijol criollo. Al final de esta prueba se determinó que el aislado AM en 3.0 ml de solución patogénica provoco la mayor infección. Una vez determinado el mejor aislado y nivel de inóculo seproced ió a la evaluación de los 16 genotipos. El experimento se estableció bajo condiciones de invernadero utilizando un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con tres réplicas de 10 plantas cada una. La inoculación de los materiales se realizó a los 15 dds y la ev aluación de la enfermedad a los 22 , 24, 26, 28,30 y 32 dds utilizando la escala Estándar para la Evaluación de Germoplasma de frijol común propuesta por el CIAT(1987). El experimento fue repetido una vez para obtener mayor confiabilidad de los resultados. Para la medición de los niveles de resistencia se calculó el área bajo de la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE) así como el análisis de vari anza y separación de medias (LSD ∞=0.05). En ambos experimentándose observaron diferencias significativas de severidad entre los genotipos evaluados. La mayor severidad la presento el material NEGRO INIPAF así como por el TESTIGO. Los materiales con mayor grado de resistencia en el primer experimento fueron: B 2059 , INTA Cardenas, MN 13074 - 4 y MN 133 37 - 26; en el segundo ensayo el genotipo NEGRO INIFAP y el TESTIGO presentaron mayor grado de severidad, el mayor grado de resistencia se observó en los genotipo s: MN 13337 - 26, MN 13071 - 56, B 2059, MN 13074 - 4, INTA Cardenas, B 2028, B 2067.

Efecto de la fertilización fosfórica y la cantidad de semilla de siembra en los rendimientos del frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Teniendo en cuenta la escasez de frijol en el área centroamericana y que este es la principal fuente de proteína de la población de bajos recursos económicos, hay que aumentar los rendimientos mejorando las practicas agronomicas. Entre estas, las que afectan en mayor grado son el uso inadecuado de fertilización y densidad de siembra. En este trabajo, se pretende determinar: la mejor combinación de fertilización fosfórica y cantidad de semilla de siembra, así como la modificación en el numero de vainas por planta, por efecto de la fertilización fosfórica y de la cantidad de semilla de siembra. La siembra se efectuó el 10 de septiembre de 1968, en el campo experimental de la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura y Ganadería. Se uso un arreglo de parcelas en franjas y una distribución de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Fueron evaluadas seis dosis de fertilización fosfórica y cinco densidades de siembra. Como fuente de fósforo se uso Triple superfosfato y la variedad fue Veranic-2. El mayor rendimiento fue obtenido con 52,00 y 91,00 kilogramos por hectárea de semilla de siembra y fósforo respectivamente; pero con 52,00 y 78,00 kilogramos por hectárea de semilla de siembra y fósforo respectivamente, se obtuvo la relación Beneficio/Costo mas alta. La tendencia del comportamiento del numero de vainas por planta, por efecto conjunto de estos factores, no esta bien definida.

Evaluación de quince genotipos de frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), en El Plan San Isidro – Matagalpa, primera 2013

v RESUMEN El presente ensayo se realizó en la comunidad de El Plan, San Isidro, Matagalpa, durante la época de primera (Junio – Agosto) del 2013 con el objetivo de evaluar genotipos promisorios de frijol negro ( Phaseolus vulgaris L .) que proporcionen altos rendimientos en kg/ha. Se evaluaron 15 genotipos procedentes del Zamorano Honduras, CIAT Colombia, además del testigo Inta Cárdenas. El ensayo se estableció en un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar con 3 repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento y sus componentes, variables feno lógicas . Se realizó análisis de varianza para las variables en estudio y se realizó la separación de medias por Tukey, de acuerdo a la probabilidad obtenida en el análisis de varianza. En cuanto a los componentes del rendimiento, plantas por hectárea, vain as por planta, número de granos por vaina y el peso de 100 g ranos presentaron diferencias significativas , siete de los genotipos mostraron mayor rendimiento con respecto a la mayoría de genotipos, oscilando entre 2059.70 kg/ha y 1484.30 kg/ha , por lo que s e adapta n al ambiente y sistema de producción de los agricultores de San I sidro – Matagalpa, N icaragua . En cuanto a las variables fenológicas se observó que no hay gran diferencia entre los genotipos evaluados en el estudio para los caracteres de días a fl oración y madurez fisiológica, por lo que cua lquiera de estos genotipos es apto para producirse en el municipio de San Isidro – Matagalpa, N icaragua

Flow and chemical characteristics of the St. Johns River at Jacksonville, Florida

This report will be of substantial value to water managers in developing the St. Johns River as a multiple resource. Evaluation of the capacity of the river to accept pollutants without adversely affecting other uses requires detailed data of flow and chemical characteristics and an understanding of how they interact. (66 page document)

Carmel River Lagoon Enhancement Project: Water Quality and Aquatic Wildlife Monitoring, 2006-7

This is a report to the California Department of Parks and Recreation. It describes water quality and aquatic invertebrate monitoring after the construction of the Carmel River Lagoon Enhancement Project. Included are data that have been collected for two years and preliminary assessment of the enhanced ecosystem. This report marks the completion of 3-years of monitoring water quality and aquatic habitat. The report adopts the same format and certain background text from previous years’ reporting by the same research group (e.g. Larson et al., 2005). (Document contains 100 pages)

Carmel River Lagoon Enhancement Project: Water Quality and Aquatic Wildlife Monitoring, 2005-6

In summer and fall 2004, the California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) initiated the Carmel River Lagoon Enhancement Project. The project involved excavation of a dry remnant Arm of the lagoon and adjacent disused farmland to form a significant new lagoon volume. The intention was to provide habitat, in particular, for two Federally threatened species: the California Red-Legged Frog, and the Steelhead Trout (South Central-Coastal California Evolutionary Significant Unit). DPR contracted with the Foundation of California State University Monterey Bay (Central Coast Watershed Studies Team, Watershed Institute) to monitor water quality and aquatic invertebrates in association with the enhancement, and to attempt to monitor steelhead using novel video techniques. The monitoring objective was to assess whether the enhancement was successful in providing habitat with good water quality, adequate invertebrate food for steelhead, and ultimately the presence of steelhead. (Document contains 102 pages)

Tropical river fisheries valuation: background papers to a global synthesis

This report is a compilation of five regional reviews that document the global status of tropical rivers and inland fisheries in three continents: Latin America, Africa and Asia. It explores the role of ‘valuation’ methods and their contribution to policy-making and river fishery management. From the compilation, the best estimate of the global value of inland fisheries for those three continents is US$ 5.58 billion (gross market value), which is equivalent to 19 percent of the current value of annual fish exports from developing countries (US$ 29 billion) for 2004. The compilation shows that there is a general shortage of information on inland fisheries, especially derived from conventional economic valuation methods, though information from economic impact assessment methods and socio-economic and livelihood analysis methods is more widely available. The status of knowledge about the impact of changes in river management on the value of tropical river fisheries is weak and patchy. Although the impacts of large dams on the hydrology, ecology and livelihood support attributes of tropical rivers are well-recognized, there have been only few valuation studies of these issues. The document highlights the need for further valuation studies of tropical river and inland fisheries in developing countries. It underlines how vital it is for policy-makers and other stakeholders to understand the importance of these natural resources in order to make appropriate decisions concerning their role in development policy and illustrates why capacity building in valuation should become a major priority for agencies concerned with fisheries management and policy-making.

Values of inland fisheries in the Mekong river basin

Asia has the most productive inland fisheries in the world. The fishery sector contributes significantly to the national economies of the region. Inland fisheries also improve food security by providing a source of protein and a livelihood for millions of people in this part of the world, especially the rural poor. The purpose of this report is to provide information on the biological, economic, social and cultural values of river fisheries in the Lower Mekong Basin, and to identify the main impacts of environmental changes on these values. A review of fisheries-related literature, including project reports and gray literature, was undertaken. More than 800 documents were reviewed, and original information was extracted from 270 of them. The analysis identified a large number of localized studies leading to generic conclusions. The report addresses the basin wide issues and studies. It is then organized by nation, namely, the Chinese province of Yunnan, then Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. It first gives an overview of each country’s economic, fisheries and social situation, then details the values documented for river fisheries in each country.

Review of river fisheries valuation in tropical Asia

This study attempts to estimate the economic value of riverine fisheries in tropical Asia and quantify the economic impacts of any changes to the environment that affects rivers and hence fisheries. The value of riverine fisheries has been considered in the following two ways: firstly, through a compilation and summary of the results of existing studies on this topic; secondly, by estimating the direct use value of riverine and floodplain fishing by country using quantities and freshwater fish prices derived from various sources. Furthermore, a review of the characteristics of the fisheries is presented. These fisheries have been shown to be valuable (i.e., economically or socially important) in at least two specific ways: as a generator of commercially marketable output, and as a source of income and employment in relatively impoverished communities.

Review of river fisheries valuation in West and Central Africa

This paper provides a review of the valuation of river fisheries in West and Central Africa. It is the general perception that, compared to the biological and ecological aspects of river fisheries, this particular subject area has received relatively little attention. Economic valuation is concerned with finding expression for what is important in life for human society. It should, therefore, be a central and integral part of government decision-making and policy. The review started with concepts and methods for valuation. Three main types of valuation techniques were identified: conventional economic valuations, economic impact assessments and socioeconomic investigations, and livelihood analysis. On the basis of a literature review, valuation information was then synthesized for the major regional river basins and large lakes, and also used to develop a series of national fisheries profiles. To supplement this broad perspective, a series of case studies are also presented, which focus in particular on the impact of changes in water management regime. Finally, the paper presents an assessment of the three main types of valuation methodology and a set of conclusions and recommendations for future valuation studies.

Review of river fisheries valuation in Central and South America

Unlike Africa and Asia, where a large part of the population are heavily dependent upon fishing for their livelihoods, fishing for a living in the interior of Central and South America (CSA) remains a marginal occupation for all but the most isolated of families. As such, the economics and management of fisheries on the continent have received little attention from within the continent and the rest of the world. This study shows that while a number of studies have been carried out on fishing in the region, they tend to be limited in their geographical focus and time scale. Although fishing of freshwater species may appear to be comparatively insignificant in the region, the rivers of CSA are very important. This report attempts to analyze the literature available on CSA river fisheries and attempts to draw out an economic value of these fisheries. It is divided into a number of sections. First, the authors describe the major river basins on the continent, characterize their fisheries, and place freshwater fisheries in CSA into a global context. Second, the authors provide a review of valuation techniques for fisheries and use this analytical framework to review the principal literature on freshwater fisheries in the region. Then they turn their attention to the economic impact of dams and water abstraction schemes, reviewing the available literature to ascertain how/if economic values are computed for the impact on fisheries. Finally, they offer some conclusions and recommendations on the direction for future studies of freshwater fisheries in CSA.

Test well exploration in the Myakka River Basin area, Florida

In recent years, difficulties encountered in obtaining ground-water supplies with acceptable chemical characteristics in the Myakka River basin area led to the implementation of a test drilling program. Under this program, well drilling and data collection were executed in such a manner that all water-producing zones of the local aquifers, together with the quality and quantity of the water available, were effectively identified. A step-drilling method was utilized which allowed the collection of formation cuttings, water samples, and water-level data, from isolated zones in the well as drilling proceeded. The step drilling procedure is described. The driller's logs, geophysical logs, and chemical quality of water tables are presented.(Document has 66 pages.)

Wetland Habitat Types of the Carmel River Lagoon.

This is a report delivered to California Department of Parks and Recreation. The purpose of this report is to document and describe the presence, location, and general characteristics for each of the wetland types currently found in the lagoon area. Comments are also made on the general use by different fauna. (Document contains 15 pages)

Diario da viagem do Dr. Francisco Jose de Lacerda e Almeida pelas capitanias do Para, Rio Negro, Matto-Grosso, Cuyaba, e S. Paulo, nos annos de 1780 a 1790

O Diario..., como observa Borba de Moraes, "apresenta um roteiro muito resumido, mas muito exato" e, como diz Sacramento Blake, "atendendo ao que é escrito em viagem, e viagem de 648 léguas de terras invias e inexploradas. É, entretanto, trabalho de grande valor para a geografia dos lugares percorridos." O Diario... foi reeditado pelo Instituto Nacional do Livro em 1944.

Low streamflow in the Myakka River Basin Area in Florida

The Sarasota-Manatee area is a water-short area and the study was undertaken in 1963 in order to determine the storage capability and discharge rates of the Myakka water shed. It was found that many of the streams of the water shed were virtually dry during part of every year. However, the basins of the Myakka lakes, through which the river flows offer some storage potential, that if properly developed would provide a continuance drift of about seven million gallons of water per day of good quality water that would be high in color and temperature upon occasion. With reasonable treatment some of this water could be used to meet the present needs of the rapidly expanding coastal areas. (PDF contains 40 pages.)