Incidência e fatores de risco da retinopatia diabética em pacientes do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Natal-RN

Estudar a incidência e fatores de risco (tempo de doença e presença de hipertensão arterial sistêmica) para retinopatia diabética em 1002 pacientes encaminhados pelo Programa de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes no período de 1992 – 1995. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus encaminhados ao Setor de Retina do Departamento de Oftalmologia pelo Programa de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário e submetido, sob a supervisão do autor, a exame oftalmológico, incluindo medida da acuidade visual corrigida (tabela de Snellen), biomicroscopia do segmento anterior e posterior, tonometria de aplanação e oftalmoscopia binocular indireta sob midríase(tropicamida 1% + fenilefrina 10%). Foi realizada análise dos prontuários referente ao tempo de doenças e diagnostico clínico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Resultados: Dos 1002 diabéticos examinados (em 24 deles a fundoscopia foi inviável), 978 foram separados em 4 grupos: sem retinopatia diabética (SRD), 675 casos (69,01%); com retinopatia diabética não proliferativa (RDNP), 207 casos (21,16%); com retinopatia diabética proliferativa (RDP), 70 casos (7,15%); e pacientes já fotocoagulados (JFC), 26 casos (2,65%). Do total, 291 eram do sexo masculino (29%) e 711 do sexo feminino (71%). Os 4 grupos foram ainda avaliados quanto ao sexo, a faixa etária, a acuidade visual, tempo de doença, presença de catarata e hipertensão arterial sistêmica e comparados entre si. Com relação ao tipo de diabetes, 95 eram do tipo I (9,4%), 870 pacientes eram do tipo II (86,8%), e em 37 casos(3,7%) o tipo de diabetes não foi determinado. Conclusões: Comprovou-se que os pacientes com maior tempo de doença tinham maior probabilidade de desenvolver retinopatia diabética, e que a hipertensão arterial sistêmica não constituiu fator de risco em relação à diminuição da acuidade visual nos pacientes hipertensos

Avaliação bioquímica e hostológica de fígado de ratas wistar diabéticas e tratadas com tamoxifeno

Tamoxifen (TX), a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer, may cause hepatic changes in some patients. The consequences of its use on the liver tissues of rats with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been fully explored. The purpose of this multidisciplinary study was to evaluate the correlation between plasma hepatic enzyme levels and the presence of iron overload in the hepatic tissue of female Wistar rats with or without streptozotocin-induced DM and using TX. Female rats were studied in control groups: C-0 (non-drug users), C-V (sorbitol vehicle only) and C-TX (using TX). DM (diabetic non-drug users) and DM-TX (diabetics using TX) were the test groups. Sixty days after induced DM, blood samples were collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin measures. Hepatic fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson s trichrome, Perls. The hepatic iron content was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. AST, ALT and ALP levels were significantly elevated in the DM and DM-TX groups, with unchanged bilirubin levels. Liver iron overload using Perls stain and atomic absorption spectrometry were observed exclusively in groups C-TX and DM-TX. There was positive correlation between AST, ALT and ALP levels and microscopic hepatic siderosis intensity in group DM-TX. In conclusion, TX administration is associated with liver siderosis in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In addition, TX induced liver iron overload with unaltered hepatic function in 2 non-diabetic rats and may be a useful tool for investigating the biological control of iron metabolism

Marcadores de risco cardiovasculares bioquímicos e antropométricos em idosos hipertensos e aparentemente saudaveis

Idosos apresentam prevalência aumentada de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica - HAS além de multiplicidade de fatores de risco cardiovasculares adicionais relacionados a maus hábitos de vida. Este é um estudo transversal que teve como objetivos comparar e correlacionar marcadores bioquímicos e antropométricos e hábitos de vida indicadores de risco cardiovascular em idosos hipertensos e predominantemente saudáveis, sedentários e praticantes de atividade física. A amostra foi composta por 322 idosos, e distribuída em 2 grupos: G1: hipertensos e G2: predominatemente saudáveis. A coleta de dados constou de anamnese e avaliações bioquímica (perfil lipídico e Proteína C-Reativa - PCR) e antropométrica (Índice de Massa Corpórea - IMC, Circunferência da Cintura - CC, Circunferência abdominal - CA e Relação Cintura- Quadril - RCQ). Na análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, Teste t de Student, análise de variância (ANOVA One-Way) e correlação de Pearson. Os resultados mostram que no G1: 100% eram hipertensos, sendo que 31,55% eram diabéticos e hipertensos e 0% era exclusivamente diabético, no G2: 28,86% eram hipertensos, sendo que 13,40% eram diabéticos e hipertensos, 5,15% eram exclusivamente diabéticos e 65,99% não apresentam qualquer processo patológico ativo. Com relação aos hábitos e estilo de vida, no G1: 58,22% eram sedentários; 2,6% fumantes e 1,7% etilistas. No G2: 5,15% eram sedentários; 7,21% fumantes e 8,24% etilistas. Com relação ao estado nutricional, verificou-se que no G1: 10,52% dos homens apresentaram Sobrepeso - SP e 14,03% Obesidade - OB, já entre as mulheres, 25,59% apresentaram SP e 20,23% OB. No G2: 6,06% dos homens apresentaram SP e 9,09% OB, e entre as mulheres, 15,87% apresentaram SP e 22,22% OB. Na análise da RCQ, apresentaram valores acima dos recomendados: 24,56% dos homens e 82,14% das mulheres do G1 e 12,12% dos homens e 74,60% das mulheres do G2. Com relação a CC e CA, apresentaram valores indicativos de risco, respectivamente: no G1 (52,63% e 29,82% dos homens e 91,66% e 87,5% das mulheres) e no G2 (9,09% e 9,09% dos homens, e 80,95% e 55,55% das mulheres). Com relação à idade, as freqüências de SP e OB no G1(n=225) foram: SP (A1=11,11%, A2=8%, A3=1,77%), OB (A1=8,44%, A2=8,88%, A3=1,33%), e no G2(n=97) foram: SP (A1= 5,15%, A2= 5,15%, A3= 2,06%) e OB (A1=9,27%, A2=7,21%, A3=0%). Na comparação entre G1 e G2 observou-se diferença estatísticamente significativa entre as seguintes médias: IMC: [G1=27,23 e G2=23,26 x (p=0,0344)]; CA: [G1=99,09 e G2=89,51 (p<0,0001)]; CC: [G1=93,64 e G2=86,37 (p<0,0001)] e RCQ: [G1=93,64 e G2=86,37 (p<0,0001)]. Na correlação, verificou-se associação considerada como fraca positiva (p<0,05) entre PCR e as variáveis antropométricas e o perfil lipídico. Os resultados apontam para maior freqüência e intensidade de fatores de risco cardiovasculares adicionais a hipertensão em mulheres em relação aos homens, nas faixas etárias relativamente mais jovens, A1 e A2, em relação a mais velha, A3, e no grupo de idosos hipertensos, G1, em relação ao de idosos predominantemente saudáveis, G2. Observou-se correlação, considerada fraca positiva (r>0,30), entre PCR, perfíl lipídico e variáveis antropométrica (p<0,05). Esta tese apresenta uma relação de interface multidisciplinar, tendo o seu conteúdo uma aplicação nos campos da Fisioterapia, Educação Física, Medicina, Nutrição e da Bioquímica

Avaliação do efeito de um adoçante comercial com sucralose na marcação de constituintes sanguíneos com tecnécio-99m, na morfologia das hemácias e na biodisponibilidade dos radiofármacos pertecnetato de sódio e ácido dietilenotriaminopentacético-tecnécio-99m em ratos Wistar.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Relação entre estresse oxidativo e oesteopenia diabética em ratas pré-menopausadas

The relationship between lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense and diabetic osteopenia remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between lipid peroxidation index, antioxidant defense parameter and bone metabolism in a premenopausal diabetic model by measurements such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in brain homogenates, histomorphometric analysis, biomechanical testing and bone mineral density (BMD). Female Wistar rats with regular estrous cycle were divided into two groups: Group 1: control rats (n = 15) and Group 2: diabetic rats (n = 15). Diabetes mellitus was induced by alloxan and confirmed by glycemia 250 mg/dL. The experimental period understood 1 and 5 after days induction and 45, 75 and 120 days after the installation of diabetes mellitus.The lipid peroxidation index, measured by TBARS concentration, showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in diabetic animals in comparison to animals control. However, the antioxidant parameter, measured by GSH content, was significantly decrease (p<0.05) in diabetic animals. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in femoral trabecular separation together with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in trabecular thickness and reduced trabecular bone volume in diabetic rats. Moreover, biomechanical testing and BMD values were significant decrease (p<0.05) in diabetic group. Thus, our results demonstrated that increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant defense could be related to the development of oxidative stress and diabetic osteopenia in premenopausal rats

Ensaio clínico randomizado sobre a prática da atenção farmacêutica nas farmácias comunitárias

Introdução: A criação de programas de equipe multiprofissional de saúde desponta como uma alternativa eficiente para controlar a evolução dos pacientes portadores de diabetes, e a inserção do farmacêutico em tais programas tem contribuído para melhorar o acompanhamento desses pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da intervenção do farmacêutico no acompanhamento dos pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, em farmácias comunitárias. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, uni-cego envolvendo 100 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de ambos os gêneros, usuários de farmácia comunitária, com idade igual ou superior a 30 anos, em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais com adição ou não de insulina e foram acompanhados por 6 meses. Os pacientes do grupo controle receberam o tratamento habitual existente em qualquer farmácia, e os de intervenção receberam o acompanhamento do farmacêutico incluindo intervenções aos problemas relacionados aos medicamentos. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram os valores da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), glicose basal e um questionário de qualidade de vida validado denominado de Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL) - Brasil; e como desfechos secundários as dosagens dos triglicérides, colesterol total, (HDL) colesterol, (LDL) colesterol, tensão arterial e a satisfação do usuário com o serviço prestado. Essa pesquisa contou com a colaboração de vários profissionais das diferentes áreas do conhecimento a seguir nominados: médico, farmacêutico bioquímico, enfermeiro, nutricionista e estatístico. Resultados: Finalizaram o estudo 89 pacientes. Durante o acompanhamento 95,7% (45/47) dos pacientes no grupo intervenção apresentaram problemas relacionados aos medicamentos (PRM), perfazendo um total de 141, com uma média de 3 eventos por paciente, ocorrendo uma resolutividade de 61,7% (87/141). A categoria que mais apresentou PRM foi a de efetividade com 34,1% (48/141) e a classe farmacológica mais utilizada foi a dos hipoglicemiantes orais com 35% (49/141). As variáveis de desfechos primários como hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e a glicose basal não apresentaram valores estatisticamente significantes quando comparadas o final com o inicial do acompanhamento nos grupos intervenção e controle considerando um p<0,05, mas o questionário de qualidade de vida DQOL Brasil apresentou resultados estatisticamente significante com um p=0,000. Os desfechos secundários, com exceção da satisfação do usuário, não apresentaram valores xi estatisticamente significantes quando comparados o final com o início do acompanhamento nos grupos de intervenção e controle. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que as modificações das variáveis clínicas não apresentaram valores significativos no controle da enfermidade e comorbidades, enquanto que na avaliação da qualidade de vida os pacientes afirmaram que melhoraram; portanto, pode-se postular que a intervenção farmacêutica é uma atividade necessária, mas que a prática do Pharmaceutical Care trará benefícios com sustentabilidade para os pacientes se houver uma efetiva integração do farmacêutico numa equipe multiprofissional de saúde, o que está indisponível nas Farmácias Comunitárias

Osteopenia diabética e pós-menopausa: efeito metabólico do zinco na recuperação do volume ósseo trabecular

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with bone metabolism alterations, such as osteopenia and osteporosis. So, the search of new anabolic agents promote bone mass gain can be important to prevent osteoporosis. The aim of this study was evaluate zinc anabolic effect over bone in diabetic and post-menopausal osteopenic models. Diabetes was induced by STZ (45mg/Kg of body weight) administration and post-menopausal by bilateral ovariectomy. Adults female Wistar rats (n=65) were divided in 5 groups: control group (n=15), ovariectomized without (n=15) and with zinc supplementation (n=10) groups, diabetic and ovarioctomized without (n=15) and with zinc supplementation (n=10) groups. Studied periods had been untill 90 days. Diabetic condition was confirmed hiperglicemic state and alterations of state with polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia and glucosuria. Histomorphometric analysis showed that zinc supplementation increased trabecular thickness and reduced trabecular distance significantly in diabetic groups with similar values to those showed in control group. Correlation analysis of histomorphometric parameters with serum glucose concentration showed that more time in hyperglycemia more bone damage, as well as, zinc supplementation contributed to prevent this damage. Elevated serum glucose caused hyperzincuria, phosphaturia and calciuria. Zinc supplementation promoted increased levels of calcium and phosphorous ions in 90th days diabetic group. No alteration was observed by ovariectomy in mineral (Ca, P and Zn) serum and urine concentrations. Total serum Alkaline Phosphatase activity increased in diabetic groups, supplemented or not, compared with control group. However, Tartarate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase, magnesium and serum zinc did not altered in studied groups. Serum albumin was reduced only in diabetic groups. Serum creatinine was unaltered. These results support the hypotesis that zinc can be used to prevent and treat diabetic and post-menopausal osteopenia

Associação do receptor toll-like 2 com o estado pró-inflamatório do diabetes tipo 1

Inflammation has been pointed out as an important factor in development of chronic diseases, as diabetes. Hyperglycemia condition would be responsible by toll-like receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, and, consequently by local and systemic inflammation induction. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pro-inflammatory state through mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α correlating to diabetic nephropathy. In order to achieve this objective, 76 T1DM patients and 100 normoglycemic (NG) subjects aged between 6 and 20 years were evaluated. T1DM subjects were evaluated as a total group DM1, and considering glycemic control (good glycemic control DM1G, and poor glycemic control DM1P) and considering time of diagnosis (before achieving 5 years of diagnosis DM1< 5yrs, and after achieving 5 years of diagnosis DM1 <5yrs). Metabolic control was evaluated by glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations; to assess renal function serum urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were determined and to evaluate hepatic function, AST and ALT serum activities were measured. Pro-inflammatory status was assessed by mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Except for DM1G group (18.4%), DM1NC patients (81.6%) showed a poor glycemic control, with glycated hemoglobin (11,2%) and serum glucose (225,5 md/dL) concentrations significantly increased in relation to NG group (glucose: 76,5mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin: 6,9%). Significantly enhanced values of urea (20%) and ACR (20,8%) and diminished concentrations of albumin (5,7%) and total protein (13,6%) were found in T1DM patients, mainly associated to a poor glycemic control (DM1P increased values of urea: 20% and ACR:49%, and diminished of albumin: 13,6% and total protein:13,6%) and longer disease duration (DM1 <5yrs - increased values of urea: 20% and ACR:20,8%, and diminished of albumin: 14,3% and total protein:13,6%). As regarding pro-inflammatory status evaluation, significantly increased mRNA expressions were presented for TLR2 (37,5%), IL-1β (43%), IL-6 (44,4%) and TNF-α (15,6%) in T1DM patients in comparison to NG, mainly associated to DM1P (poor glycemic control TLR2: 82%, IL-1β: 36,8% increase) and DM1 <5yrs (longer time of diagnosis TLR2: 85,4%, IL-1β: 46,5% increased) groups. Results support the existence of an inflammatory state mediated by an increased expression of TLR2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in T1DM

Medidas antropométricas e avaliação do perfil lipídico de indivíduos obesos e com sobrepeso residentes no Estado do RN

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing numerous medical conditions, besides is associated with shortened life span. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in adult overweight and obese subjects residents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology was the analysis of certain biochemical parameters in serum of individuals and a physical evaluation that consisted of measurements of blood pressure and anthropometric data. In addition, the volunteers of the research answered a questionnaire about personal, social and clinical data. 1741 samples were collected, of which 432 (24,8%) were obese. Of these, 280 were selected to participate in the study, including 118 (42,1%) men and 162 (57,9%) women. Of the remaining 1309 individuals, 731 (55,8%) were overweight. Among them, 179 (24.5%) were analyzed in this study, with 56,4% female. Of the remaining 578 normal individuals, 143 were selected as controls in the research. Amid the obese, overweight and eutrophic, there were respectively 10% vs 5% vs 5,6% of diabetics, 92,1% vs 85,5% vs 68,7% of dyslipidemics and 38,6% vs 22,3% vs 15,6% of hypertensive patients. The degree of obesity presented by the participants was varied, with the majority (72,8%) fall into grade I obese, 22,9% (64) in grade II and only 4,3% (12) in grade III. Mean anthropometric participants showed statistically significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese on the BMI, WC, WHR and %BF and between sexes in CC, WHR and %BF. As the mean serum biochemical parameters to evaluate the lipid profile showed significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese, unless the exception of HDL among overweight and obese. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05)

Avaliação da presença de osteopatia decorremte do diabetes tipo 1 em criança e adolecentes do Rio Grande do Norte

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and osteoposes are chronic diseases with great socioeconomic consequences, mainly due to the late complications and consequent disabilities. The potential effects of DM on bone metabolism remain a very conroversial issue, and disagreement exists with regard to the clinical implications of diabetic osteopenia and the mechanism of its ocurrence. The issue is further complicated by the contribuicion of the especific factors, such as duration of disease an dthe degree of metabolic control. The objective of this study is to identify the osteopathy in children and adolescents with DM 1 assisted in the hospital of pediatrics, UFRN, through biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism and the extent of bone mineral density. The study was composed by 74 diabetics type 1 patients (DM1) of both gender and aged 6 to 20 yars. Normoglicêmic group was composed by 97 healthy subjects of both genders, which showed the same age range of DM1, in addition to same socioeconomic class. These individuals qere students from the networks of public education in the city of Natal-RN, randomly invited to paticipate in our study. Both groups DM1 and NG were divided intofour subgroups, according to the classification of tanner , T1, T2, T3, T4 for achieving a benchmark. Diabetic individuals showed up with a poor glycemic control. the group DN1 T4 showed an incresead value for total protein, albumin, urea and microalbumiuria are predictors of grumelura injury in DM1 patients . The total alkaline phosphatase activitywas kept on high levels for both groups because they are in a stature development age. For osteocalcin there were decreased levels for groups Dm1 T1, T2, and T3 when compared to their NG (s), suggesting that this decrease could be associated with reduction in the number and/or differentiation os osteoblasts thereby contributing to reducing bone formation. There were no changes in the activity of TRAP. The serum concentrations of total and ionized calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were included within the RV. It was observed that the BMD (Z- SCORE ) has always been within the RV for both groups, despite to DM1 T4. Taking all together, our results support the hypothesis that children and adolescents with type 1 DM present the risk in the long run to suffer a reduction in the bone mass, associated to poor glicemic control and disease duration. It could limit the bone growth and increase the probality of development of osteopenia, as well as other complications surch as retinopathy and renal failure

Avaliação do status antioxidante, expressão gênica e polimorfismos dos genes SOD1, SOD2 e GPx1 em crianças, adolescentes e adultos jovens com diabetes tipo 1

Studies report that the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes complications is associated with increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced by hyperglycemia and changes in the capacity the antioxidant defense system. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the capacity of antioxidant defense system, by evaluating antioxidant status, gene expression and polymorphisms in the genes of GPx1, SOD1 and SOD2 in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. We studied 101 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 106 normoglycemic individuals (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were evaluated as a whole group and subdivided according to glycemic control in DM1G good glycemic control and DM1P poor glycemic control. Glycemic and metabolic control was evaluate by serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL). Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum urea and creatinine and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine. Antioxidant status was evaluate by content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the activity of erythrocyte enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also analyzed gene expression and gene polymorphisms of GPx1 (rs1050450), SOD1 (rs17881135) and SOD2 (rs4880) by the technique of real-time PCR (Taqman®). Most individuals with DM1 (70.3%) had poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin> 8%). Regarding the lipid profile, individuals with type 1 diabetes had significantly elevated total cholesterol (p <0.001) and LDL (p <0.000) compared to NG; for triglycerides only DM1NC group showed significant increase compared to NG. There was an increase in serum urea and RAC of individuals with DM1 compared to NG. Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes showed microalbuminuria (ACR> 30 mg / mg). There was a decrease in GSH content (p = 0.006) and increased erythrocyte GPx activity (p <0.001) and SOD (p <0.001) in DM1 group compared to NG. There was no significant difference in the expression of GPx1 (p = 0.305), SOD1 (.365) and SOD2 (0.385) between NG and DM1. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms studied showed no statistically significant difference between the groups DM1 and NG. However, the GPx1 polymorphism showed the influence of erythrocyte enzyme activity. There was a decrease in GPx activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes who had a polymorphic variant T (p = 0.012). DM1 patients with the polymorphic variant G (AG + GG) for polymorphism of SOD2 (rs4880) showed an increase in the RAC (p <0.05). The combined data suggest that glucose control seems to be the predominant factor for the emergence of changes in lipid profile, renal function and antioxidant system, but the presence of the polymorphisms studied may partly contribute to the onset of complications

Simultaneous mode A and mode B echobiometry of senile cataractous eyes in dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chloramphenicol restores the polymorphonuclear accumulation in carrageenin-induced pleurisy in diabetic rats

Investigou-se o efeito do succinato de cloranfenicol (30 mg/kg, a cada 12 h, durante 4 dias, IP) sobre o acúmulo de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (PMN) na pleurisia induzida pela carragenina (150 mig) em ratos (Wistar, machos, 180-230 g, n = 12) diabéticos (40 mg/kg de aloxana, IV). O antibiótico produziu aumento de 36% no número de PMN (p<0,05) migrados para a cavidade pleural de animais normais. O estado diabético provocou redução de 45% dos PMN (p<0,05) acumulados no exsudato pleural de animais não tratados com o antibiótico. Por outro lado, animais diabéticos tratados com succinato de cloranfenicol apresentaram resposta de PMN que não diferiu estatisticamente do observado em animais controle, não tratados. A contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos circulantes realizada antes e 4 h depois da aplicação da carragenina não diferiu estatisticamente entre os grupos.

Quantitative study of the myenteric plexus of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações morfológicas e quantitativas dos neurônios do plexo mientérico do estômago de ratos com diabetes induzido por estreptozootocina e estabelecer uma comparação com animais não diabéticos. Amostras do corpo do estômago foram submetidas a preparados de membrana corados pelo método da NADH-diaforase e a cortes histológicos corados por hematoxilina-eosina. Observou-se que o diabetes provoca significante redução no número de neurônios.

Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre sinais precoces do remodelamento do ventrículo esquerdo induzido pelo diabetes Mellitus experimental

Our aim was to investigate the effects of an aerobic training program on adverse and early left ventricle (LV) remodeling, using an experimental model of short-term type 1 diabetes (T1D). Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). T1D was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). The training program consisted of 4 weeks running on a treadmill (13 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the experiments, hearts were collected for analysis of morphology and transcriptional profile of LV, by focusing on its remodeling. Deaths were recorded during the 4-week period. We verified high mortality among animals of DS group, whereas it was significantly reduced in DT group. DS group also showed an increase in cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes and fibrosis. TD group exhibited reduction in measures of cardiac trophism, but with respect to collagen content, it was similar to CS group. Analysis of gene expression related to cardiac remodeling revealed decreased expression of collagen I and III, as well as low expression of MMP-2 in DS group. TD group showed decreased levels of mRNA for MMP-9, and unchanged gene expression of MMP-2 when compared with the CS group. The expression of MMP-2 and TGF-1 were increased in CT group. The ratio between gene expression of collagen I and III was increased in the CT group and decreased in diabetic groups. These results establish early changes of the structure and transcriptional profile of LV myocardium. Moreover, they indicate that aerobic exercise training plays specific protection against mechanisms responsible for cardiac damage observed in T1D