The gap between recognition and the 'compensation business' : the claim against Britain for compensation by Kenya's former Mau Mau fighters

During the first Kibaki administration (2002-2007), a movement by the former Mau Mau fighters demanded recognition for the role that they had played in the achievement of independence. They began to demand, also, monetary compensation for past injustices. Why had it taken over 40 years (from independence in 1963) for the former Mau Mau fighters to initiate this movement? What can be observed as the outcome of their movement? To answer these questions, three different historical currents need to be taken into account. These were, respectively, changing trends in the government of Kenya, progress in historical research into the actual circumstances of colonial control, and a realization, based on mounting experience, that launching a legal action against Britain could turn out to be a lucrative initiative. This paper concludes that, regardless of the actual purpose of the legal case, neither of their objectives was certain to be achieved. Two inescapable realities remain: the doubts cast on the reputation of the government by its decision to lift the Mau Mau‟s outlaw status – a decision that was widely seen as a latter-day example of the „Kikuyu favouritism‟ policy followed by the first Kibaki administration – and the popular interpretation of the involvement of Leigh Day, well known in Kenya ever since the unexploded bombs case for its success in obtaining substantial compensation payments, as a vehicle for squeezing large amounts of money from the British government for the benefit of the Kikuyu people.

Recommendations for Creating and Implementing Climate Change Mitigation Strategies for Municipalities

The effects of climate change are beginning to show themselves globally and not enough is being done to counteract these changes. Institutional action is a necessity, and municipalities have an opportunity to fill this void by developing mitigation strategies that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This report critically reviews the municipal climate action plans for Portland, Oregon; Boulder, Colorado; and Toronto, Ontario and provides recommendations for other municipalities who wish to create and implement climate change mitigation plans.

Política pública en el desarrollo de la juventud rural

La política pública es fundamental para cumplir con el propósito de atender los problemas colectivos a través de la negociación colectiva. En el medio rural se expresa en toda su amplitud, como agenda de formulación, de ejecución y de evaluación ajena a los actores municipales. De esta forma, este artículo tiene como objetivo comprobar los procesos, condiciones y efectos que genera en la población que las recibe, las acepta y se adapta a ellas. Desde el enfoque territorial, se encontró que la política pública y algunos programas dirigidos a los jóvenes, se centran en la juventud urbana; mientras que los jóvenes rurales desconocen las políticas públicas y los programas que son creados o aplicados a ellos. Las instancias de gobierno municipal, registran una falta de atención a los jóvenes, por la escases de estructura administrativa y de recursos económicos, que profundizan la ausencia de coordinación y comunicación entre los tres niveles de gobierno y la sociedad civil; causando que la duplicidad de programas con recursos limitados e insuficientes se sumen a los demás factores que limitan la atención de los jóvenes de la Sierra Norte de Puebla.

Lowell, Massachusetts, 1841 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the city of Lowell : surveyed in 1841 by order of the municipal authorities, by I.A. Beard & J. Hoar ; engraved by G.W. Boynton. It was published in 1842. Scale [ca. 1:4,500]. Covers a portion of the City of Lowell. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings, boarding houses, hotels, city districts and more. Includes a an index to points of interest. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Cuestión municipal en Bolivia /

"Artículos publicados el 11, 14 y 16 de Septiembre de 1874 en 'La Patria'."

The government of European cities,

"Sources and literature": p. 400-423.

Municipal administration,

"References" at end of each chapter...

Distribution of health services in the structure of State government, 1950.

First ed. published in 1929 by John A. Ferrell under title: Health departments of States and provinces of the United States and Canada.

English gilds.

Mode of access: Internet.

Del poder municipal.

"Obra traducida al castellano de la 4. ed. en francés por Elías Acosta, y que contiene solo los títulos jenerales y más importantes de esta, para conformarla con las instituciones y leyes de réjimen municipal en la republica. Comprende también: 1⁰. Una resẽna histórica de los municipios tanto en el gobierno colonial como desde que se independizó Venezuela. 2⁰. Algunas notas que ponen al corriente la doctrina del autor con la lejislación patria."

El poder municipal en Venezuela en mas de tres siglos.

Mode of access: Internet.

Hamilton, Canada, its history, commerce, industries, resources. Issued under the auspices of the City council in the centennial year 1913.

Includes articles by city officials and others.

Modern city planning; its meaning and methods.

Mode of access: Internet.

Du pouvoir municipal et des biens communaux.

Mode of access: Internet.

A bibliography of British municipal history, including gilds and parliamentary representation.

Reprint of the 1897 ed., which was issued as v. 5 of the Harvard historical studies.