二维分子形状和定量手性程度的研究

以二进制编码描述苯环型化合物分子在二维空间的形状,所得到的编码能够区分二维平面上一对苯环型化合物对映体。由于对映体的二进制编码不同,基于化合物和其镜像的编码计算得到了海明距离,并以其表征1对对映体的定量手性程度。以28对周长为22的手性苯环型化合物对映体为实例,计算苯环型化合物的定量手性程度,其结果仅仅有2个数值,分别为海明距离4和6。具有不同形状的该类化合物很多,为了提高分辨率,分别计算了窗口宽度从1～16时的海明距离,并分别以其来代表定量手性程度。结果显示全部16个窗口的海明距离的加和具有最大的区分能力,共得到17种海明距离。如果将每一窗口的细节引入到计算中,并采用类似的方法计算,则实例中所有的28个苯环型化合物实现了完全的区分,所得到的定量手性程度的区分能力是令人满意的。本研究证明如果用适当的编码来描述二维空间中分子的边界,能够解决分子形状的定量表征。尽管本文的二进制编码衍生于平...

Generation and analysis of 5318 expressed sequence tags from the filamentous sporophyte of Porphyra haitanensis (Rhodophyta)

Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) is cultivated in China and widely consumed in Asia. To gain more insight into its physiological and biochemical properties, we generated 5318 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the sporophyte of P. haitanensis, and upon assembling into a nonredundant set, 2535 sequences were obtained, among which only 32.2% (816) shared certain similarity with published sequences (Nr and KOG). Functional classification of such ESTs revealed that most of the transcripts were related to its conservative biological metabolism, and P. haitanensis most likely possesses cyanide-resistant respiration and a C4-like carbon-fixation pathway, both of which have never been reported in a rhodophyte before. Twenty-eight percent of the nonredundant gene clusters exhibited significant similarity to those from P. yezoensis Ueda sporophytes, and 16 genes up-regulated in P. yezoensis sporophytes were also expressed abundantly in P. haitanensis. Codon usage analysis indicated that exposure to high GC pressure might occur during evolution of P. haitanensis. These findings represent the most extensive collection of ESTs from P. haitanensis to date, and all the ESTs in this study have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. DN604790-DN608469, EG016226-EG018540).

黄海冷水团及邻近海域小型底栖动物多样性及其环境效应

2007年夏季对黄海冷水团及邻近海域共48个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了科考研究。所调查站位的小型底栖动物平均丰度达2194 ± 1598 inds./10cm2，其中北黄海17个站位平均丰度为3408 ± 1578 inds./10cm2，南黄海31个站位平均丰度为1529 ± 1121 inds./10cm2。调查站位平均生物量为1839 ± 1289 g dwt/10cm2，其中北黄海站位平均生物量为2760 ± 1340g dwt/10cm2，南黄海平均生物量为1335 ± 902g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共18个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，达总量的88%，且在南（88.3%）、北黄海（87.7%）基本无差异。在生物量上，同样以自由生线虫贡献最多（42％），多毛类居次（22%），其他生物量较多的还有桡足类（13%）和甲壳类幼体（12%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物占79%，次表层2-5cm占17%，最底层5-8cm仅占4%。统计分析表明研究站位小型底栖动物丰度和生物量与沉积物叶绿素a、有机质含量、中值粒径显著或极显著正相关，与水深呈极显著负相关，此外小型底栖动物生物量与沉积物粉砂粘土含量显著负相关。 同年秋季搭载开放航次对黄海5个站位、东海3个站位、南海2个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了调查研究。对三个海域小型底栖动物的比较研究发现，平均丰度以黄海最高，达2132 ± 946 inds./10cm2，东海次之，为1954 ± 2047 inds./10cm2，而南海仅156 ± 56 inds./10cm2；三海域的平均生物量依次为2193 ± 1148 g dwt/10cm2、1865 ± 1555 g dwt/10cm2和212 ± 22 g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共14个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，分别占总量的85%、89%、85%。在生物量上，黄海以自由生线虫贡献最多（33％），多毛类居次（18%）；东海二者比例相近（约37％），而南海则以多毛类占绝对优势（56％），线虫居次（25%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，三个海区差异较大：分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物在黄海高达90%，东海仅46%，在南海为63%。统计分析表明，本研究站位小型底栖动物丰度与沉积物中的叶绿素a及脱镁叶绿素a含量和底温呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关。该结果与本航次之后在广东湛江和海南以东的南海海域开展的908调查结果形成了鲜明对照，后者的小型底栖动物及线虫丰度与沉积物中有机质含量呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关，表明近海受人类干扰影响较大。 本文利用微宇宙实验方法，来确定不同浓度梯度的Cu、Pb以及Cu/ Pb混合重金属污染物对青岛湾小型底栖动物（主要是线虫）的影响。加入污染物后，分别在1、3、7、14、21天进行取样分析。结果显示，Cu和Cu/Pb混合高浓度实验单元组的线虫丰度除在第21天有较明显减少外，在整个实验周期内基本没有变化，分析可能系高浓度Cu的固定作用从而使小型底栖动物无法腐烂降解造成的。同一时间尺度上，各重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度均高于（或接近于）空白对照组，较高浓度的重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度高于（或接近于）较低浓度重金属污染物实验单元，Cu/Pb混合低浓度实验单元的线虫丰度高于同一时间尺度Cu低浓度和Pb低浓度实验单元。推测是由于采样点的线虫群落中存在对Cu和Pb的耐受种或者“机会种”造成的。

海藻抗肿瘤抗细菌生物活性物质的研究

该文对近四年来海洋抗肿瘤药物的研究现状和大型海藻天然产物的研究现状进行了简要的综述.概述了近年来世界各国的海藻抗肿瘤筛选方面的工作进展;总结了近年来从蓝藻、甲藻、红藻、褐藻、绿藻中分离的活性化合物,其中包括已经进入临床研究阶段的Scytophycin、Halomon、Cryptophycin、Malyngamide、Tolytoxin等.综述了近四年来从大型海藻中分离的约100个天然化合物,其中大部分具有重要的生物活性.以采自山东沿海的39种海藻的96个样品为材料,进行了较系统的抗肿瘤生物活性的筛选,共发现了8种有选择性抗肿瘤活性的海藻.运用薄层层析方法对10种海藻提取物的抗金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌活性进行了研究,发现褐藻提取物的抗菌活性最高,红藻的抗菌活性较低,而绿藻门海藻几乎没有活性.红藻门的松节藻、鸭毛藻有一定的活性.褐藻门的酸藻和海黍子活性较高.酸藻和海黍子的3个强抗菌活性带对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为33mm、17mm和17.5mm,酸藻水相的2个活性带还能抑制大肠杆菌,其抑菌圈直径分别为21mm和16mm.对山东沿海分布量较大的两种海藻进行了先导化合物的分离纯化和结构鉴定.对萱藻和松节藻中得到的纯化合物和其它粗提物进行了细胞毒活性的检验.

The behaviors and sources of dissolved arsenic and antimony in Bohai Bay

In this paper, we determined the concentrations of antimony species (antimonite (Sb(III)), antimonate (Sb(V)) and dissolved inorganic antimony (DISb)) and arsenic, in Bohai Bay seawaters, as well as the relationships of the analytes with environmental factors such as seawater characteristics (e.g., suspended particulate material (SPM), salinity and total organic carbon (TOC)), heavy metals, nutrients and phytoplankton species, and evaluated the sources of arsenic and antimony. Dissolved arsenic and antimony concentrations in the surface waters were ranging spatially from 1.03 to 1.26 ng/ml and 0.386 to 1.075 ng/ml, with mean values of 1.18 and 0.562 ng/ml, respectively. Sb(V) as the prominent chemical species constituted about 89%. Regarding arsenic concentrations in the surface waters, there was a tendency for a small variation. However, antimony species concentrations were much variable than arsenic. The highest arsenic and antimony concentrations were found near the Haihe Estuary. These distribution patterns were controlled mainly by environmental factors, biological activities and sources. In this region, DISb and Sb(V) negatively correlated with salinity. Besides, arsenic and antimony correlated well with the nutrients, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton, implying that arsenic and antimony had been involved in biological cycling. In addition, according to our estimate, about 333.5 x 10(8) mg/year of arsenic and 454.2 x 10(8) mg/year of antimony reached Bohai Bay via rivers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of nano-TiO(2)on MP-25 resin

MP-25 resin is a chlorine-containing polymer widely used in coatings. The effects of two types of nano-TiO2 (P-25 and RM301 LP) on MP-25 were studied with saline immersion, UV irradiation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. UV irradiation was evaluated in terms of gloss change and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that, compared to pigment R-930 TiO2, P-25 reduced the immersion resistance and accelerated UV aging of the MP-25 coating, whereas RM301 LP showed the opposite effects. XPS analysis showed that MP-25 resin degraded under UV irradiation via dechlorination and C-C bond breakage, similarly to poly(vinyl chloride), but RM301 LP could inhibit the aging of MP-25 to a certain extent. A skin effect of oxygen and chlorine was identified in MP-25 resin by XPS. RM301 LP could improve the impedance of the MP-25 coating because of its excellent fill capacity. Hence, rutile nano-TiO2 RM301 LP represents an excellent additive for MP-25 resin. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

印度与欧亚板块强烈相互作用区深部结构特征研究

The central-south Tibet is a part of the products of the continental plate collision between Eurasia and India. To study the deep structure of the study area is significant for understanding the dynamics of the continental-continental collision. A 3-D density model matched well with the observations in the central-south Tibet was proposed in this study. In addition, this study has also used numerical simulation method to prove that Quasi-Love (QL) wave is deduced by anisotropy variation but not by lateral heterogeneity. Meanwhile, anisotropy variation in the upper mantle of the Qiangtang terrane and Lhasa terrane is detected by the QL waves observed in recorded seismograms. Based on the gravity modeling, some results are summarized as follows: 1) Under the constrain of geometrical structure detected by seismic data, a 3-D density model and Moho interface are proposed by gravity inversion of the central-south Tibet. 2) The fact that the lower crustal densities are smaller than 3.2 g/cm3, suggests absence of eclogite or partial eclogitization due to delamination under the central-south Tibet. 3) Seismicity will be strong or weak in the most negative Bouguer gravity anomaly. So there is no a certain relationship between seismicity and Bouguer gravity anomaly. 4) Crustal composition are determined after temperature-pressure calibration of seismic P wave velocity. The composition of lower crust might be one or a mixture of: 1. amphibolite and greenschist facies basalt beneath the Qiangtang terrane; 2. gabbro-norite-troctolite and mafic granulite beneath the Lhasa terrane. Because the composition of the middle crust cannot be well constrained by the above data set, the data set published by Rudnick & Fountain (1995) is used for comparison. It indicated the composition of the middle crust is granulite facies and might be pelitic gneisses.Granulite facies used to be interpreted as residues of partial melting, which coincidences with the previous study on partial melting middle crust. Amphibolite facies are thought to be produced after delamination, when underplating works in the rebound of the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. From the seismology study, I have made several followed conclusions: 1) Through the numerical simulation experiment of surface wave propagating in heterogeneity media, we can find that amplitude and polarization of surface wave only change a little when considering heterogeneity. Furthermore, it is proved that QL waves, generated by surface wave scattering, are caused by lateral variation of anisotropy but not by heterogeneity. 2) QL waves are utilized to determine the variation of uppermost mantle anisotropy of the Tibetan plateau. QL waves are identified from the seismograms of the selected paths recorded by the CAD station. The location of azimuth anisotropy gradient is estimated from the group velocities of Rayleigh wave, Love wave and QL wave. It suggests that south-north lateral variation of azimuthal anisotropy locates in Tanggula mountain, and east-west lateral variation in the north of Gandese mountain with 85°E longitude and near the Jinsha river fault with 85°E longitude.

酒泉盆地酒东坳陷下白垩统储层特征及有利勘探方向研究

Jiuquan basin, located in the middle of the Hexizoulang, is one of the major important Mesozoic、cenozoic oil-gas bearing basin in the west of China. Jiuquan basin is composed of Jiuxi depression、Huahai-jinta depression and Jiudong depression. Basement of Jiudong depression is Silurian shallow metamorphic rock. Ying-er sag , focus of this study, is the biggest sag in Jiudong depression and the targeting study object is cretacic strata. Structure evolution and geological background were carefully studied in this research. A series of methods were applied to this research: values of oxygen and carbon isotope and trace elements analysis were used to recover salinity of the palae-lake water of the sag. The evolution and distribution of sedimentary faces were carefully studied. Also, various analysis and tests were made to study the diagenesis of the reservoir sandstones、porosity evolution and porosity distribution. All the studies indicate that sedimentary faces are main macroscopic factor controlling the reservoir quality; Compaction is the main factor destroying reservoir property. Carbonate cements greatly preserved the porosity in eodiagenesis because it had prevented significant early mechanical compaction and its dissolution in the late diagenesis generated secondary pores. Carbonate cements in the late diagenesis occluded primary porosity and played a negative role in the porosity preservation. Source of the carbonate cements were also preliminarily discussed. Feldspar grains and lithic fragments were dissolved by acid fluid and formed a great amount of secondary pores and developed the reservoir quality. Also, sedimentary-diagenesis zones were identified. On basis of these studies, Reservoir forming factors were studied. Keywords: Jiudong depression, sedimentary faces，reservoirs diagenesis reservoir evaluation，secondary pores

铊成矿地质地球化学特征

迄今为止，铊成矿仅见我国，故研究铊成矿我国应是首开先河。从铊矿床成矿作用研究铊矿床地质地球化学特点，其目的在于强调从生物成矿角度研究微古生物在新陈代谢过程中吸收富集铊成矿和生物残骸积累铊成矿。进而从本质上认识铊在成矿演化过程中地质地球化学和生物化学等多种因素相互作用的特殊成矿机制.

Aeroacoustics on Non-Dedicated Workstations

The simulation of subsonic aeroacoustic problems such as the flow-generated sound of wind instruments is well suited for parallel computing on a cluster of non-dedicated workstations. Simulations are demonstrated which employ 20 non-dedicated Hewlett-Packard workstations (HP9000/715), and achieve comparable performance on this problem as a 64-node CM-5 dedicated supercomputer with vector units. The success of the present approach depends on the low communication requirements of the problem (low communication to computation ratio) which arise from the coarse-grain decomposition of the problem and the use of local-interaction methods. Many important problems may be suitable for this type of parallel computing including computer vision, circuit simulation, and other subsonic flow problems.

Exploring human resource development: a level of analysis approach.

Levels of analysis perform an important function in framing research and practice in human resource development (HRD). The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of HRD from the individual, organizational and community/societal levels of analysis. The paper highlights both the distinctiveness and usefulness of each level of analysis, identifies tensions within and between them, and outlines differences in underpinning assumptions, characteristics of HRD provision and delivery of HRD interventions. By adopting this approach, the paper draws attention to variations in meaning, intent, content and practice with implications for developing both the theory and practice of HRD.

Regulation of yeast oscillatory dynamics

Douglas B. Murray, Manfred Beckmann, and Hiroaki Kitano. (2007). Regulation of yeast oscillatory dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104 (7), 2241-2246 Sponsorship: Solution-Oriented Research for Science and Technology Agency to the Systems Biology Institute /21st Century Center of Excellence Program and Special Coordination Program of the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science, and Technology to Keio University RAE2008

Association of candidate genes with flowering time and water-soluble carbohydrate content in Lolium perenne (L.)

Sk?t, L., Humphreys, J., Humphreys, M. O., Thorogood, D., Gallagher, J. A., Sanderson, R., Armstead, I. P., Thomas, I. D. (2007). Association of candidate genes with flowering time and water-soluble carbohydrate content in Lolium perenne (L.). Genetics, 177 (1), 535-547. Sponsorship: BBSRC RAE2008

Alignment of the genomes of brachypodium distachyon and temperate cereals and grasses using bacterial artificial chromosome landing with fluorescence in situ hybridization

Robert Hasterok, Agnieszka Marasek, Iain S. Donnison, Ian Armstead, Ann Thomas, Ian P. King, Elzbieta Wolny, Dominika Idziak, John Draper and Glyn Jenkins (2006). Alignment of the genomes of brachypodium distachyon and temperate cereals and grasses using bacterial artificial chromosome landing with fluorescence in situ hybridization.Genetics, 73 (1), 349-362. Sponsorship: Royal Society / BBSRC;BBSRC RAE2008