Gest��o por sustentabilidade integrada - GSI: uma an��lise nas micro, pequenas, m��dias e grandes empresas - MPMGEs, a partir da literatura e da vis��o dos gestores industriais do Estado do Maranh��o

A Tese analisou nas Micro, Pequenas e M��dias Empresas, em sua primeira etapa, atrav��s da literatura, e descreveu: o seu papel na sociedade ��� suas defini����es, concep����es, fases e processos; aspectos pol��ticos, econ��micos sociais, legais, de gest��o, sucesso, perenidade, insucesso e mortalidade da realidade brasileira; dados comparativos das Micro, Pequenas e M��dias Empresas em alguns pa��ses e a Grande Empresa. Prosseguindo, o Modelo Conceitual da Gest��o por Sustentabilidade Integrada, suas Dimens��es, Componentes e Vari��veis, como Gest��o Profissional para as empresas fundamentada no Empreendedorismo em dois ramos da literatura: a Econ��mica e a Gerencial; e o panorama mundial e brasileiro do Empreendedorismo. Na sequ��ncia a Gest��o por Sustentabilidade Integrada em dois cen��rios: no Cen��rio I ��� o impacto na Gest��o, Sucesso e Perenidade das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas industriais do Estado do Maranh��o; e no Cen��rio II ��� o impacto da Perenidade das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas industriais no Desenvolvimento Industrial do Estado do Maranh��o. Na segunda etapa, apresenta os resultados e an��lises de dados da Pesquisa de Campo realizada na amostra das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas industriais do Estado do Maranh��o em 14 (quatorze) munic��pios, representando o universo dos 170 (cento e setenta) que tem ind��strias formais com base no cadastro da Federa����o das Ind��strias do Estado do Maranh��o (2006). A partir da an��lise da literatura e da vis��o dos gestores da amostra industrial, a Tese analisou a problem��tica de ���Como a Gest��o por Sustentabilidade Integrada favorece a Gest��o, Sucesso e Perenidade das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas industriais do Estado do Maranh��o e da perenidade dessas Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas no Desenvolvimento Industrial?���, em que os resultados confirmam que ���A Gest��o das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas industriais do Estado do Maranh��o, quando aplicada na Gest��o por Sustentabilidade Integrada, na vis��o dos gestores , favorece a Gest��o, Sucesso e Perenidade das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas���; e ���A perenidade das Micro, Pequenas, M��dias e Grandes Empresas industriais do Estado do Maranh��o, na vis��o dos gestores, impacta positivamente no Desenvolvimento Industrial do Estado do Maranh��o���. Finalizando, apresenta as limita����es, recomenda����es da pesquisa para futuras investiga����es e as conclus��es.

Leaf anatomy of rubber-tree clones

A seringueira �� uma planta de f��cil reconhecimento por ser lenhosa, de porte mediano a grande, que apresenta um padr��o caracter��stico de desfolha e reenfolhamento e, sobretudo, pela produ����o de l��tex. O objetivo do trabalho foi efetuar um estudo anat��mico e morfol��gico foliar, comparando os clones RRIM 600 e GT 1 de seringueira &91;Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.- Arg&93;, desenvolvidos sob as mesmas condi����es ed��ficas e clim��ticas, para obten����o de informa����es que possam fornecer subs��dios para correla����es com dados fisiol��gicos e tamb��m diferenciar os clones em rela����o ao conte��do de fibras, espessamento de tecidos do par��nquima pali����dico e do par��nquima lacunoso, caracteriza����o anat��mica do pec��olo, n��mero e tamanho de est��matos e fornecer dados referentes a morfologia foliolar. Foram realizadas sec����es transversais na regi��o do mes��filo, nervura central e pec��olo, seguindo-se os m��todos usuais de prepara����o de l��minas permanentes. Foram realizadas an��lises biom��tricas de extens��es de tecidos dos par��nquimas pali����dico e lacunoso e contagem do n��mero de c��lulas do par��nquima lacunoso. Paralelamente foram realizadas an��lises biom��tricas para aferi����es de est��matos. N��o houve diferen��as para a altura das c��lulas epid��rmicas, altura e n��mero de camadas do par��nquima lacunoso e para o comprimento e para a maior largura do limbo foliolar. Por��m houve varia����o para a espessura das c��lulas do par��nquima pali����dico, sendo que GT 1 apresentou maior espessura em rela����o a RRIM 600. GT1 apresentou maior n��mero de est��matos em rela����o a RRIM 600, por��m com menor tamanho. GT1 apresentou maior di��metro da nervura central da folha e do pec��olo e maior quantidade de fibras de escler��nquima que RRIM 600.

Isolation and mycelial growth of Diehliomyces microsporus: effect of culture medium and incubation temperature

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Multistage and coordinated planning of the expansion of transmission systems

In this paper, an efficient genetic algorithm (GA) is presented to solve the problem of multistage and coordinated transmission expansion planning. This is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, difficult for systems of medium and large size and high complexity. The GA presented has a set of specialized genetic operators and an efficient form of generation of the initial population that finds high quality suboptimal topologies for large size and high complexity systems. In these systems, multistage and coordinated planning present a lower investment than static planning. Tests results are shown in one medium complexity system and one large size high complexity system.

Forest fragment size and microhabitat effects on palm seed predation

The establishment of plant species depends crucially on where the seeds are deposited. However, since most studies have been conducted in continuous forests, not much is known about the effects of forest fragmentation on the maintenance of abiotic and biotic characteristics in microhabitats and their effects on seed survival. in this study, we evaluated the effects of forest fragmentation on the predation upon the seeds of the palm Syagrus romanzoffiana in three microhabitats (interior forest, forest edge and gaps) in eight fragments of semi-deciduous Atlantic forest ranging in size from 9.5 ha to 33,845 ha in southeastern Brazil. Specifically, we examined the influence of the microhabitat structure, fauna and fragment size on the pattern of seed predation. Fragments < 100 ha showed similar abiotic and biotic characteristics to those of the forest edge, with no seed predation in these areas. Forest fragments 230-380 ha in size did not present safe sites for S. romanzoffiana seed survival and showed high seed predation intensity in all microhabitats evaluated. In fragments larger than 1000 ha, the seed predation was lower, with abiotic and biotic differences among gaps, interior forests and forest edges. In these fragments, the survival of S. romanzoffiana seeds was related to squirrel abundance and interior forest maintenance. Based on these results, we concluded that there are no safe sites for S. romanzoffiana seed establishment in medium- and small-sized fragments as result of the biotic and abiotic pressure, respectively We suggest that on these forest fragments, management plans are needed for the establishment of S. romanzoffiana, such as interior forest improvement and development in small-sized sites in order to minimize the edge effects, and on medium-sized fragments, we suggest post-dispersal seed protection in order to avoid seed predation by vertebrates. our findings also stress the importance of assessing the influence of forest fragmentation on angiosperm reproductive biology as part of the effective planning for the management of fragmented areas. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Seed dispersal and predation in the endemic Atlantic rainforest palm Astrocaryum aculeatissimum across a gradient of seed disperser abundance

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Gap disturbance regime and composition in the Atlantic Montane Rain Forest: the influence of topography

In the Atlantic Montane Rain Forest of south-eastern Brazil, a field study was carried out to describe the forest disturbance regime, analyse canopy gap composition and evaluate the influence of habitat parameters on gap tree species composition. We characterized canopy gaps considering the group of variables as follows: area, type and number of tree/branch falls, topographic position, soil coverage and surrounding canopy trees. Gap composition was assessed at species level by measuring all individuals inside gaps higher than one meter. Mean gap area of the 42 canopy gaps analysed was 71.9 +/- 9.0 m(2) (mean +/- SE). Out of the studied gaps, 35.7% were created by uprooted and by snapped trees, 16.7% by dead-standing trees and 11.9% by the fall of large branches. The disturbance regime was characterized by gap openings predominantly smaller than 150 m(2) and by spatial patterning related to topography. Ridges had smaller gaps and higher proportions of gaps created by branch falls; slopes had bigger gaps generally created by uprooting events. The more abundant and frequent species were shade tolerant and the more species-rich families found inside gaps did not differ from the forest as a whole. Pioneer species were rare and restricted to medium and large size classes. The Indicator Species Analysis and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated gap area, topography and the percentage of soil cover by the genera Calathea and Ctenanthe were the predominant variables correlated with woody species distribution. So, topography emerged as an important issue not only to the gap disturbance regime, but also to gap colonization. In respect to the influence of gap processes on the Atlantic Montane Rain Forest regeneration, our results support the view that canopy gap events may not be working as promoters of community wide floristic shifts.

Cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure constraints on a simple quintessential inflation model

We derive constraints on a simple quintessential inflation model, based on a spontaneously broken Phi(4) theory, imposed by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe three-year data (WMAP3) and by galaxy clustering results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that the scale of symmetry breaking must be larger than about 3 Planck masses in order for inflation to generate acceptable values of the scalar spectral index and of the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We also show that the resulting quintessence equation of state can evolve rapidly at recent times and hence can potentially be distinguished from a simple cosmological constant in this parameter regime.

Search for a heavy gauge boson W ' in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Soliton dynamics at an interface between a uniform medium and a nonlinear optical lattice

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Search for Dark Matter and Large Extra Dimensions in pp Collisions Yielding a Photon and Missing Transverse Energy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Search for supersymmetry in events with a lepton, a photon, and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Search for dark matter and large extra dimensions in monojet events in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Efeitos do estresse h��drico sobre o desempenho germinativo da semente de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard. - Fabaceae) de diferentes tamanhos

Clitoria fairchildiana R. Howard, vulgamente conhecida como faveira, �� uma esp��cie arb��rea utilizada na arboriza����o e recomendada para recupera����o de ��reas degradada, pois �� capaz de atuar como adubo verde. No entanto, h�� poucos estudos b��sicos para compreender seus atributos ecol��gicos e fisiol��gicos. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as influ��ncias do tamanho da semente e de estresse h��drico sobre a germina����o das sementes e vigor de pl��ntulas de faveira. Foram usadas sementes pequenas, m��dias e grandes, postas para germinar em bandejas, com areia, sob condi����es de umedecimento de 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da capacidade de reten����o de ��gua. A germina����o n��o �� afetada pelo tamanho da semente, mas sim pelo vigor, pois as sementes grandes e m��dias originam pl��ntulas mais vigorosas. ��gua em excesso reduziu a porcentagem e a velocidade de germina����o ao passo que, falta de ��gua, reduziu o crescimento das pl��ntulas.