EMAS recommendations for conditions in the workplace for menopausal women.

Women form a large part of many workforces throughout Europe. Many will be working throughout their menopausal years. Whilst the menopause may cause no significant problems for some, for others it is known to present considerable difficulties in both their personal and working lives. During the menopausal transition women report that fatigue and difficulties with memory and concentration can have a negative impact on their working lives. Furthermore, hot flushes can be a source of embarrassment and distress. Some consider that these symptoms can impact on their performance. Greater awareness among employers, together with sensitive and flexible management can be helpful for women at this time. Particular strategies might include: fostering a culture whereby employees feel comfortable disclosing health problems, allowing flexible working, reducing sources of work-related stress, providing easy access to cold drinking water and toilets, and reviewing workplace temperature and ventilation.

Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.

Understanding Racial Segregation: What is known about the Effect of Housing Discrimination

A central purpose of this chapter is to assess whether the available empirical evidence supports the view that current levels of housing discrimination are a significant contributor to residential segregation in U.S. cities and metropolitan areas. Through the course of this chapter, the reader will find that the empirical patterns of racial segregation in the U.S. are often inconsistent the available evidence on housing discrimination. Admittedly, strong evidence exists that both housing discrimination exists today and that housing discrimination throughout much of the Twentieth Century was central to creating the high levels of segregation that we observe in U.S. metropolitan areas today, but the appropriate policy responses may differ dramatically depending upon how these two phenomena are currently interrelated.

GMM Based Inference with Standard Stratified Samples when the Aggregate Shares are Known

We show how to do efficient moment based inference using the generalized method of moments (GMM) when data is collected by standard stratified sampling and the maintained assumption is that the aggregate shares are known.

What Is Known about Testing for Discrimination: Lessons Learned by Comparing across Different Markets

The paper provides a fairly comprehensive examination of recent empirical work on discrimination within economics. The three major analytical approaches considered are traditional regression analysis of outcomes, paired testing or audits, and finally analysis of performance where higher group performance suggests that a group has been treated disfavorably. The review covers research in the labor, credit, and consumption markets, as well as recent studies of discrimination within the legal system. The review suggests that the validity of interpreting observed racial differences as discrimination depends heavily on whether the analysis is based on a sample that is representative of a population of individuals or households or based on a sample of market transactions, as well as the analyst?s ability to control for heterogeneity within that sample. Heterogeneous firm behavior and differentiated products, such as those found in labor and housing markets, also can confound empirical analyses of discrimination by confusing the allocation of individuals across firms or products with disparate treatment or by ignoring disparate impacts that might arise based on that allocation.

Spiegel Göttliches zorns, vber die sünde der itzigen, argen, letzten, grundbösen Welt : so vns durch dises Gesicht im Geist, wie dann auch durch vil vnd mancherley Zornzeichen ... dises 1620. Jahres sich begeben vnd zugetragen haben

Allegorische Darstellungen mit Ansicht Frankfurts

Warhaffte vnd eigentliche Abbildung, was in der newlicher zeit vorgangenen blutigen Schlacht, vnd HauptTreffen, bey der Stadt Prag ... : ... vom 28 Octobr. biß auff den 10. Tag des Monats Novembris, newen Calenders, deß zu end lauffenden 1620. Jahrs ...

Bibliograph. Nachweis: VD 17 23:675989K; Harms II,163; Paas P-592

Spanische Spinnstuben oder Rockenfahrt : Im Jar 1620

Allegorisch-satirische Darstellung auf Spinolas Tätigkeiten

Eigentliche Abbildung etlicher Stätt vnd Oerter, im Churfürstenthumb der vntern Pfaltz gelegen : welche auß Befelch der jetzigen Röm. Kay. May. durch Marquis Spinola, &c. von dem 5. Septemb. biß in das Monat Octobris diß 1620. jahres, überzogen, belägert vnd eingenommen worden

Bibliograph. Nachweis: VD 17 39:124942Y; Paas P-582

Pragerischer Hofkoch vom Wintermonat Anno 1620

Satirisches Blatt auf Prager Geschehnisse 1618-1620

Pragischer HofeKoch : Vom Wintermonat, Im Jahr 1620

Satirisches Blatt auf Prager Geschehnisse 1618-1620