Le groupe du Fer de Lance mélanésien face à ses défis

Cet article examine la complexité du processus d’intégration régionale en Océanie à travers le cas du groupe du Fer de Lance mélanésien (gflm). L’émergence de cette structure subrégionale en 1988 avait pour but d’affirmer la spécificité mélanésienne au cœur du Pacifique Sud. Or, en vingt-cinq années d’existence, le Fer de Lance ne semble pas avoir pleinement réalisé tous les objectifs qu’il s’était initialement fixés. Ses ambitions, politiques en particulier, ne sont qu’en partie réalisées. Quant à la récente présidence fidjienne du Fer de Lance, elle a tenté de donner une nouvelle stature régionale au groupe, mais y est-elle parvenue ? Cet article analyse les défis politiques, intérieurs et extérieurs, que le gflm rencontre depuis sa création et considère ceux qui lui restent à relever. This paper examines the complexities of regional integration in Oceania through the case study of the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG). The emergence of a new subregional structure in 1988 aimed to support the development of the Melanesian identity within the South Pacific. However, after twenty-five years of existence, the Spearhead Group does not seem to have reached all its initial objectives. Its political ambition has only partly been achieved. The recent Fijian leadership of the MSG has attempted to give a new regional dimension to the Melanesian group, but has it succeeded? This paper analyses how the subregional group has faced the challenges that emerged from its regional environment as well as from within its own structure. It fnally considers the new challenges ahead for the Melanesian group.

Landscape of fear: A social history of the missile during the early years of the Cold War, 1950–1965

The missile's significance has been central to national security since the Soviet launching of Sputnik, and became increasingly important throughout the years of the Cold War. Much has been written about missile technology, but little has been written about how the development and deployment of this weapon affected Americans. The missile was developed to both deter war but also to win war. Its presence, however, was not always reassuring. Three areas of the United States are studied to evaluate the social implications of the missile during these pivotal years: San Francisco, home of multiple Nike installations; of Cape Canaveral, Florida, the nation's primary missile test center; the Great Plains, the location of the largest ICBM concentration in the country. Interviews were conducted, tours of facilities were taken, and local newspapers were reviewed. In conjunction with national newspapers and magazines and public opinion polls, this information provided a local social context for missile history. Nationally and locally, Americans both feared and praised the new technology. They were anxious for government funding in their cities and often felt that the danger the missile brought to their communities by making it as a Soviet target was justified in the larger cause for national security.

Landscape of fear : a social history of the missile during the early years of the cold war, 1950-1965

The missile's significance has been central to national security since the Soviet launching of Sputnik, and became increasingly important throughout the years of the Cold War. Much has been written about missile technology, but little has been written about how the development and deployment of this weapon affected Americans. The missile was developed to both deter war but also to win war. Its presence, however, was not always reassuring. Three areas of the United States are studied to evaluate the social implications of the missile during these pivotal years: San Francisco, home of multiple Nike installations; of Cape Canaveral, Florida, the nation's primary missile test center; the Great Plains, the location of the largest ICBM concentration in the country. Interviews were conducted, tours of facilities were taken, and local newspapers were reviewed. In conjunction with national newspapers and magazines and public opinion polls, this information provided a local social context for missile history. Nationally and locally, Americans both feared and praised the new technology. They were anxious for government funding in their cities and often felt that the danger the missile brought to their communities by making it as a Soviet target was justified in the larger cause for national security.

(Table 1) Physical oceanography during Lance cruise LA99/2 in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea

Zooplankton was studied on eight stations in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Barents Sea, in May 1999, along two transects across the ice edge. On each station, physical background measurements and zooplankton samples were taken every 6 h over a 24 h period at five discrete depth intervals. Cluster analysis revealed separation of open water stations from all ice stations as well as high similarity level among replicates belonging to particular station. Based on five replicates per station, analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed significant differences (P < 0.05) in abundances of the main mesozooplankton taxa among stations. Relations between the zooplankton community and environmental parameters were established using redundancy analysis (CANOCO). In total, 55% of mesozooplankton variability within studied area was explained by eight variables with significant conditional effects: depth stratum, fluorescence, temperature, salinity, bottom depth, latitude, bloom situation, and ice concentration. GLM models supported supposition about clear and negative relationship between concentration of Oithona similis, and overall mesozooplankton diversity The analyses showed a dynamic relationship between mesozooplankton distribution and hydrological conditions on short-term scale. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that variability in the physical environment of dynamic MIZ of the Barents Sea has measurable effect on the Arctic pelagic ecosystem.

U.S. Army meteorologist Private Merle Coleman at White Sands Missile Range in Las Cruces, New Mexico

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Missile engineer at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Laser Beam Engineer at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Simply Genre Films: Extracting “King Lear” from “House of Strangers” and “Broken Lance"

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and refute Yvonne Griggs’ claims that the films “House of Strangers” (1949) and “Broken Lance” (1954) are as Griggs deems “genre-based adaptations” of William Shakespeare’s “King Lear.” I argue that the films, although they have some essential elements of “King Lear,” lack intentionality and reception, pivotal components in determining viability as a Shakespearean film adaptation. Using Griggs’ book as my critical background, I will show that these films are better classified under their respective genre categories, Western and film noir, not as “King Lear” genre adaptations. I will also suggest criteria for determining the level of canonicity of a “King Lear” film adaptation. Popularity of films does not determine validity, and a film does not need purported Shakespearean provenance to validate its ratings. Some films, like these, merely reference or pay homage to Shakespeare through use of essential elements of “King Lear”; here, I deem such affinities to be more unintentional than intentional.

Lecture by Lance Fung, given at Florida International University, January 7, 2008

Lance Fung shares images from his "Snow Show" exhibition, along with images from a number of exhibitions in New York City, followed by images from his proposal for an exhibition at the Beijng Olympics. Introduction by Dahlia Morgan.