Equal access to the opportunities available? Equity and diversity laws and policies in Australia

Australia has been populated for more than 40,000 years with Indigenous Australians joined by European settlers only 230 years ago. The first settlers consisted of convicts from more than 28 countries and members of the British army who arrived in 1788 to establish a British penal colony. Mass migration in the nineteenth century with one and a half million immigrants from Europe, principally from the United Kingdom and Ireland (Haines and Shlomowitz, 1992), established the continent as an Anglo society in the Pacific. In the twentieth century immigrants came from many European countries and in the latter decades from many parts of Asia and the Middle East (Collins, 1991, pp.10-13). In the 21st century Australia has an ethnically and culturally diverse population. The original Indigenous population of Australia accounts for approximately 460,000 or 2.5 per cent of the total population (ABS, 2006a). Estimates are that around 4.5m. persons in the population (close to 20 per cent), were born outside Australia with the majority of these arriving from Europe, principally the United Kingdom, and New Zealand (ABS, 2006b). Like many other countries, Australia has a legacy of discrimination and inequality in employment. Propelled by racist ideologies and the male breadwinner ideology, Indigenous Australians, and non-European immigrants, and women were barred from certain jobs and paid less for their work than any white male counterpart. These conditions were legally sanctioned through the industrial relations system and other laws in the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. Since the 1960s a dramatic change has occurred in social policy and national legislation and Australia today has an extensive array of laws which forbid employment discrimination on race, ethnicity, gender and many other characteristics, and other approaches which promote proactive organizational plans and actions to achieve equity in employment. This chapter outlines these developments.

By a Committee appointed by the National Mediation Board in the matter of the application of : Air Line Pilots Association, International alleging representation dispute pursuant to Section 2, Ninth, of the Railway Labor Act and Flight Engineers' International Association involving employees of United Air Lines, Incorporated. Findings upon investigation January 17, 1961.

File no. C-2946.

Constitution and laws of the International Printing Pressmen and Assistants' Union of North America.

Description based on: 1924.

Ottoman land laws : containing the Ottoman land code and later legislation affecting land ; with notes and an appendix of Cyprus laws and rules relating to land /

Includes index.

Swedish poor laws and charities : a publication dedicated to the International Congress on Poor Law Relief and Charity to be held at Copenhagen 1910 by the Swedish Poor Law Reform Association (svenska fattigvårdsfördsbundet) /

Cover title.

Constitution and by-laws of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union District 1 affiliated with the C.I.O.

Mode of access: Internet.

Debate handbook on antitrust laws and labor.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of the President's Boeing Aerospace Board, appointed on September 13, 1962 in the matter of the labor dispute between the International Association of Machinists, AFL-CIO and the Boeing Company.

Saul Wallen, chairman.

World war veterans' legislation : hearings before the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation, Seventy-seventh Congress, first session on H.R. 4, H.R. 164, H.R. 1066, H.R. 1441, H.R. 1583, H.R. 1621, H.R. 1797, H.R. 2105, H.R. 2115, H.R. 2226, H.R. 2289, H.R. 2299, H.R. 2476, H.R. 2481, H.R. 2491, H.R. 2492, H.R. 2493, H.R. 2524, H.R. 2652, H.R. 3069, to amend certain laws and veterans' regulations affecting world war veterans and their dependents.

Mode of access: Internet.

Royalty payments : hearings before the Committee on Patents, House of Representatives, seventy-seventh Congress, first session, on H.J. Res. 32, H.J. Res. 73 and H.J. Res. 123, joint resolutions to define the principle of international reciprocity in the protection of American patents, trade-marks, secret formulas and processes, and copyrights by providing a method for assuring the payments of amounts due to persons in the United States from users thereof in countries restricting international payments from their territories /

"317522."

Beyond subsistence : labor standards and Third World development : report of the symposium co-convened by the Bureau of International Labor Affairs of the U.S. Department of Labor and by the Overseas Development Council, December 12-13, 1988, Washington, D.C.

Includes bibliographical references.