Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background:The direct-acting platelet P2Y receptor antagonist ticagrelor can reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events when administered at hospital admission to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether prehospital administration of ticagrelor can improve coronary reperfusion and the clinical outcome is unknown. Methods: We conducted an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study involving 1862 patients with ongoing STEMI of less than 6 hours' duration, comparing prehospital (in the ambulance) versus in-hospital (in the catheterization laboratory) treatment with ticagrelor. The coprimary end points were the proportion of patients who did not have a 70% or greater resolution of ST-segment elevation before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the proportion of patients who did not have Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 in the infarct-related artery at initial angiography. Secondary end points included the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and definite stent thrombosis at 30 days. Results: The median time from randomization to angiography was 48 minutes, and the median time difference between the two treatment strategies was 31 minutes. The two coprimary end points did not differ significantly between the prehospital and in-hospital groups. The absence of ST-segment elevation resolution of 70% or greater after PCI (a secondary end point) was reported for 42.5% and 47.5% of the patients, respectively. The rates of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between the two study groups. The rates of definite stent thrombosis were lower in the prehospital group than in the in-hospital group (0% vs. 0.8% in the first 24 hours; 0.2% vs. 1.2% at 30 days). Rates of major bleeding events were low and virtually identical in the two groups, regardless of the bleeding definition used

Churches under communism

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Complete ¹H and 13C NMR structural assignments for a group of four goyazensolide-type furanoheliangolides

Four goyazensolide-type sesquiterpene lactones - lychnofolide, centratherin, goyazensolide and goyazensolide acetate - were thoroughly studied by NMR experimental techniques. ¹H NMR, 13C NMR {¹H}, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, J-res. and NOE experiments were performed to provide the needed structural information. Complete and unequivocal assignment, including the determination of all multiplicities, was obtained for each structure and the data collections are presented in tables.

Determinação espectrofotométrica de cloreto em cimento após preparo de amostra por piroidrólise

A method based on pyrohydrolysis was proposed for cement sample preparation and further chloride determination by spectrophotometry using flow injection analysis. Analytical parameters were evaluated and, under the selected conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.2 to 10.0 µg mL-1 with r2 = 0.998. The limit of detection was5 µg g-1 of chloride and the relative standard deviation was less than 7%. The proposed pyrohydrolysis method is relatively simple and can be used for sample preparation for further spectrophotometric determination of low concentrations of chloride in cement.

Näkökulmia seksuaalisten vähemmistöjen kontrolloimisen historiaan

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Mielikuvat kielen takana

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Reação de folhas de mandioca ao Microcyclus ulei, agente causal do mal-das-folhas da seringueira

Folhas jovens de mandioca (Manihot esculenta) inoculadas com uma suspensão de conídios viáveis ou autoclavados de Microcyclus ulei, um patógeno de diversas espécies do gênero Hevea, reagiram fortemente com indução de compostos azuis fluorescentes nas áreas de contato, com a morte das células locais e a formação irregular dos tecidos, distorção das folhas e, ocasionalmente, com a abscisão da folha. Também ocorreu crescimento restrito das hifas, mas sem produção de novos conídios. A reação das plantas foi mais semelhante a uma reação de resistência complexa a um patógeno biotrófico do que uma reação típica de defesa de uma planta não hospedeira.

Molecular characterization of Brazilian Dicyma pulvinata isolates

Forty-nine Brazilian Dicyma pulvinata isolates were examined by morphological traits and RFLP, RAPD and AFLP analyses. This fungus is a mycoparasite of Microcyclus ulei, the causal agent of the most devastating rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) disease, known as "South American Leaf Blight" (SALB). These isolates were compared with an Indian isolate from Cercosporidium sp., and a French isolate from Cladosporium fulvum. They were also compared with Dicyma ampullifera from Papua New Guinea. The morphological parameters analyzed confirmed the identification of the Brazilian isolates. The graphic representations of the distance matrices of each molecular marker showed similar results. Dicyma pulvinata isolates from M. ulei were closely related, whereas the reference isolates examined were dispersed. Among the D. pulvinata isolates obtained from M. ulei, a significant pairwise distance was obtained, for all the molecular markers, between the isolates from the areas favorable to the occurrence of SALB (North and Northeast of Brazil) and the region of escape for the disease (Mato Grosso State).

Reação de cultivares de feijoeiro comum a quatro raças de Phaeoisariopsis griseola

A mancha-angular causada pelo fungo Phaeoisariopsis griseola, apresenta grande importância na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) no Brasil. O desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes tem sido proposto como maneira eficaz, eficiente e econômica para o controle da doença. Um dos primeiros passos no programa de melhoramento visando resistência à mancha-angular é a identificação e seleção de fontes de resistência. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou a caracterização de 58 cultivares de feijoeiro quanto a reação às raças 31.17, 63.19, 63.23 e 63.55 de P. griseola. Os resultados mostraram que as cultivares Antioquia 8 e CAL 143, ambos de origem Andina, e Ecuador 299 e México 235, de origem Mesoamericana, apresentaram resistência às quatro raças testadas. As cultivares A 193 e Golden Gate 416 mostraram resistência a três das quatro raças testadas, podendo também, ser úteis em programas de melhoramento. Dentre as cultivares mais suscetíveis encontram-se as cultivares IPA 7419, AN 9022180, Bambuí, Compuesto Negro Chimaltengo, Guanajuato 10-A-5, Diamante Negro, Early Gallatin, Jamapa e Kentucky Wonder 780 e as cultivares de grãos tipo carioca AN 9022180, Aporé e Carioca 80. As novas fontes de resistência à mancha angular identificadas neste trabalho poderão ser utilizadas por programas de melhoramento do feijoeiro que visem a incorporação de genes de resistência de origem Andina ou Mesoamericana.

Dois novos sistemas de diagnose precoce da meleira do mamoeiro

A diagnose da meleira do mamoeiro (Carica papaya)tem sido feita mediante observação de sintomas que aparecem principalmente nos frutos ou pela detecção de dsRNA de cerca de 12 kb, purificado a partir do látex em coluna de CF11, em gel de agarose ou poliacrilamida. Os sintomas nos frutos são tardios e permitem longa permanência de plantas infectadas no campo e o processo usado para detectar dsRNA é laborioso, não se prestando a detecção em larga escala. Visando disponibilizar protocolos de diagnose precoce da meleira que possam ser usados em larga escala, o presente trabalho apresenta dois métodos de detecção relativamente baratos, rápidos e que permitem o manuseio de dezenas de amostras por dia. Os dois métodos utilizam o látex extraído dos frutos, folhas ou caule de plantas, e se baseiam na extração e visualização de ácidos nucléicos. A presença do vírus é confirmada pela visualização do seu dsRNA em gel de agarose (1%) em 1X TBE. Com esta técnica temos conseguido resultados confiáveis a ponto de diagnosticar precocemente a meleira em plantas ainda jovens e em plantas assintomáticas.

Asiakas- ja tuotekustannusten tarkastelu toimintolaskentamallilla ja sen yhdistäminen tuloskorttiin

Tässä kandidaatintyössä keskitytään toimintolaskennan ominaispiirteisiin, hyödyntämiseen sekä sen toteuttamiseen yrityksessä. Tavoitteina ovat onnistuneen, hyödyllisen ja kokonaisvaltaisen toimintolaskentamallin rakentaminen sekä tuote- ja asiakaskohtaisten kustannusten tarkastelu ja hyödyntäminen koko yrityksen tasolla tapahtuvassa päätöksenteossa. Lisäksi toimintolaskennan antamaa informaatiota on pyritty tutkimaan tuloskortin näkökulmasta sekä hyödyntämään sitä tuloskorttiesimerkin rakentamisessa. Tavoitteita on lähestytty teoriatasolla aiempaa tutkimustietoa hyödyntäen ja ne on pyritty toteuttamaan laaja-alaisen toimintolaskenta- ja tuloskorttiesimerkkimalleista muodostuvan kokonaisuuden kautta. Työn tuloksena saadun toimintolaskentamallin osalta koko yrityksen tasolla määritetyt toiminnot sekä ajurien käyttö antavat toimintojen luokittelun sekä mahdollisten mittareiden kautta vahvat työkalut päätöksenteon sekä yrityksen toiminnan kehittämisen tueksi. Lasketut asiakas- ja tuoteryhmien kustannukset paljastavat, miten välilliset kustannukset vaikuttavat ryhmien välisiin eroihin ja miten toimintokustannukset selvittämällä voidaan tehdä tarkempia tuote- ja asiakaskohtaisia ratkaisuja yrityksessä. Tuloskortti kyettiin muodostamaan siten, että mittareista lähes 80 prosenttia hyödyntää jollain tavalla toimintolaskentamallin antamaa informaatiota ja tuloskortin olevan kuitenkin yhtenevä kohdeyrityksen omien tavoitteiden sekä strategian kanssa. Vaikuttavimpana tekijänä kokonaisuuden rakentamisessa ja onnistumisessa voidaan todeta olevan projektin vaiheittainen toteuttaminen sekä tietolähteiden oikeanlainen huomioiminen.

Ruotsalainen filosofi Greifswaldissa [Elektroninen aineisto]

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Development of a molecular method for detection and identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola

In order to develop a molecular method for detection and identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv) the causal agent of grapevine bacterial canker, primers were designed based on the partial sequence of the hrpB gene. Primer pairs Xcv1F/Xcv3R and RST2/Xcv3R, which amplified 243- and 340-bp fragments, respectively, were tested for specificity and sensitivity in detecting DNA from Xcv. Amplification was positive with DNA from 44 Xcv strains and with DNA from four strains of X. campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae and five strains of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae, with both primer pairs. However, the enzymatic digestion of PCR products could differentiate Xcv strains from the others. None of the primer pairs amplified DNA from grapevine, from 20 strains of nonpathogenic bacteria from grape leaves and 10 strains from six representative genera of plant pathogenic bacteria. Sensitivity of primers Xcv1F/Xcv3R and RST2/Xcv3R was 10 pg and 1 pg of purified Xcv DNA, respectively. Detection limit of primers RST2/Xcv3R was 10(4) CFU/ml, but this limit could be lowered to 10² CFU/ml with a second round of amplification using the internal primer Xcv1F. Presence of Xcv in tissues of grapevine petioles previously inoculated with Xcv could not be detected by PCR using macerated extract added directly in the reaction. However, amplification was positive with the introduction of an agar plating step prior to PCR. Xcv could be detected in 1 µl of the plate wash and from a cell suspension obtained from a single colony. Bacterium identity was confirmed by RFLP analysis of the RST2/Xcv3R amplification products digested with Hae III.

Incidência de podridões do colmo, grãos ardidos e rendimento de grãos em híbridos de milho submetidos ao aumento na densidade de plantas

A adequada combinação entre a escolha da densidade de plantas e do híbrido é um dos fatores que contribuem para o aumento da produtividade do milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do incremento na densidade de plantas sobre a incidência de podridões do colmo, de grãos ardidos e o rendimento de grãos de dois híbridos de milho contrastantes quanto a tolerância ao adensamento. O experimento foi conduzido em Lages, SC, nas safras agrícolas 2002/03 e 2003/04, em área de semeadura direta e monocultura, sob sucessão de cobertura morta constituída de aveia preta+ervilhaca. Estudou-se a combinação de dois fatores: híbrido e densidades, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcela sub-dividida. Na parcela principal avaliaram os híbridos: Speed (simples, tolerante ao adensamento) e AG 303 (duplo, intolerante ao adensamento). Nas sub-parcelas testaram-se cinco densidades de plantas: 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125 mil plantas ha-1. O aumento da densidade de plantas, proporcionou incremento linear na incidência das podridões do colmo e grãos ardidos para os dois híbridos e duas safras avaliadas. O fungo Colletotrichum graminicola foi o mais detectado em colmos doentes, seguido do Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides e Stenocarpella sp. Nos grãos ardidos, os fungos predominantes foram F. verticillioides, F. graminearum e Penicillium spp. O híbrido AG 303 demonstrou menor resposta no rendimento do que o híbrido Speed com o aumento da população de plantas. Não foi observada associação direta entre o maior rendimento de grãos do híbrido simples em estandes adensados e a menor incidência de doenças de colmo e de grãos ardidos.

Development of a warning system for wheat blast caused by Pyricularia grisea

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) blast caused by Pyricularia grisea is a new disease in Brazil and no resistant cultivars are available. The interactions between temperature and wetness durations have been used in many early warning systems. Hence, growth chamber experiments to assess the effect of different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) and the duration of spike-wetness (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 hours) on the intensity of blast in cultivar BR23 were carried out. Each temperature formed an experiment and the duration of wetness the treatments. The highest blast intensity was observed at 30°C and increased as the duration of the wetting period increased while the lowest occurred at 25°C and 10 hours of spike wetness. Regardless of the temperature, no symptoms occurred when the wetting period was less than 10 hours but at 25°C and a 40 h wetting period blast intensity exceeded 85%. These variations in blast intensity as a function of temperature are explained by a generalized beta model and as a function of the duration of spike wetness by the Gompertz model. Disease intensity was modeled as a function of both temperature and the durations of spike wetness and the resulting equation provided a precise description of the response of P. grisea to temperatures and the durations of spike wetness. This model was used to construct tables that can be used to predict the intensity of P. grisea wheat blast based on the temperatures and the durations of wheat spike wetness obtained in the field.