HETEROCHROMATIN AND KARYOTYPE REORGANIZATION IN FISH OF THE FAMILY ANOSTOMIDAE (CHARACIFORMES)

Mitotic chromosomes of four fish species of the family Anostomidae, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Leporellus, and Schizodon, were studied. With 2n = 54 meta- and submetacentric chromosomes, this family appears to be characterized by marked karyotypic stability. Although perceptible differences exist, mainly in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin present in the chromosomes of these species, these differences do not affect the structure and/or size of these chromosomes. Chromatin substitutions and/or modifications may have led, in one direction, to an increase in heterochromatin in some species and, in the opposite direction, to heterochromatin reduction in others. Whether these changes are accompanied by changes in the amount of euchromatin in the chromosomes is an open question. The nucleolar organizer regions, which may be located on different chromosomes in the various species, may also be indicators of reorganization of these karyotypes.

CYTOGENETIC STUDIES ON FISHES OF THE FAMILY PIMELODIDAE (SILUROIDEI)

Four fish species of the family Pimelodidae were analyzed. Bergiaria westermani and two different Pimelodus species have the same diploid chromosome number (2n - 56). Despite some differences in chromosome structure, these species are highly similar in karyotype and differ from Pimelodella sp., which presents a reduction in chromosome number to 2n = 46. The data confirm the extensive chromosome variability existing in this family, characterized by intraindividual and/or population polymorphisms of a structural nature which may or may not be sexlinked, and by the presence of supernumerary chromosomes.

CYTOGENETIC AND DNA CONTENT IN 6 GENERA OF THE FAMILY CALLICHTHYIDAE (PISCES, SILURIFORMES)

Cytogenetic studies involving conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding analysis and silver staining of NORs were performed on nine species belonging to six genera of the family Callichthyidae. The diploid number ranged from 2n = 44 to 2n = 100, the number of chromosomal pairs with NORs ranged from 1 to 4 and constitutive heterochromatin was mainly distributed in the centromeric and/or pericentromeric position of the chromosomes. The DNA content of erythrocytes from six species studied ranged from 1.18 +/- 0.07 to 2.77 +/- 0.22 pg/nucleus. The extensive variability in karyotypes and in nuclear DNA content detected are in accordance with the initial hypothesis that chromosome rearrangements and polyploidy have played a significant role in the evolutionary history of Callichthyidae.

A new neotropical genus of the family Cunaxidae (Acari : Prostigmata : Bdelloidea)

A new Neotropical genus and its species, Allocunaxa heveae gen. et sp. nov., is described and figured. The generic features are provided. The subfamily Cunaxinae is discussed and a key to it is provided.

Determining the season of death from the family composition of insects infesting carrion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Situation and prospects of the family in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Genetic markers for the identification of hybrids among catfish species of the family Pimelodidae

Fish hybrids provide genetically manipulated products of excellent value for the commercial aquaculture industry. However, if handled or marketed incorrectly, they can cause great financial loss to producers as well as threaten the native species. Herein, molecular markers are established to identify hybrid lineages of pimelodids and characterize them in relation to their parental species, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus and Leiarius marmoratus. The results show that the mitochondrial genes are useful for identification of the cross-direction through the characterization of the maternal lineage. The nuclear genes allow identification of the interspecific hybrids. Use of genetic markers can avoid misidentification of hybrids that occur in simple morphological analysis. Thus, the present results allow the routine monitoring of pimelodid hybrids for their correct management and trade in aquaculture. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Mujer partícipe: reflexiones sobre su papel en la familia y la sociedad = Women as participants: reflections on their role in the family and in society

Incluye Bibliografía

La vulnerabilidad de los hogares con jefatura femenina: preguntas y opciones de política para América Latina y el Caribe = The vulnerability of woman-headed households: policy questions and options for Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye Bibliografía

Informe del Taller Metodológico sobre Análisis de la Familia en América Latina = Report on Metodological Workshop on Analysis of the Family in Latin America and the Caribbean

Rev.1 corresponde a la versión en español

Compendio de las respuestas de los gobiernos al cuestionario sobre asuntos relativos a la familia = Compendium of replies to the survey of governments on matters related to the family

Incluye Bibliografía

Situación y perspectivas de la familia en América Latina y el Caribe = Situation and prospects of the family in Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye Bibliografía