Innovazione sociale, sviluppo e turismo: quale legame? Uno studio teorico ed empirico nella citta di Bologna.

La ricerca è nata dalla volontà di indagare il legame tra innovazione sociale, sviluppo e turismo. La domanda di ricerca che ha guidato questo lavoro ha assunto una duplice natura. Il primo obiettivo, di natura teorica, è stato quello di concettualizzare l’IS attraverso uno studio comparativo della letteratura internazionale, definendone le dimensioni e i processi di diffusione. Dal punto di vista empirico, è stata effettuata una ricerca-azione di tipo qualitativo nella città di Bologna. Partendo da un approfondimento storico che ha analizzato alcune peculiarità territoriali – il movimento cooperativo, i distretti industriali, etc. – l’indagine ha fornito una prima panoramica del fenomeno attraverso una mappatura delle realtà bolognesi. I risultati emersi hanno dimostrato che i legami tra IS, sviluppo e turismo sono complessi. L’IS comporta delle conseguenze per il territorio, andando ad intervenire all’interno dei processi di sviluppo. Nel rispondere a bisogni emergenti, essa promuove agency ed empowerment, creatività e capitale sociale abilitante. In un’ottica di sviluppo territoriale integrato, l’IS agisce sul processo di capacitazione, sia attraverso la valorizzazione del capitale sociale e la creazione di reti, sia attraverso processi di negoziazione e conflitto. L’indagine ha mostrato che tra turismo e IS esiste una triplice relazione. Innanzitutto, il turismo può essere considerato come uno strumento di analisi per osservare l’IS, ma la relazione avviene soprattutto a livello di pratiche sociali. Esistono, infatti, a Bologna diversi casi di iniziative di IS che diventano esperienze turistiche e viceversa. Citando Lefebvre, quando IS e turismo trovano spazi di intersezione emerge un duplice diritto alla città. Un diritto che si manifesta nella (ri)appropriazione di spazi fisici e simbolici dove si collocano le relazioni sociali e dove si elaborano progettualità condivise e dove la comunità può partecipare, supportando la capacità di aspirare dei soggetti locali

3D Surveying and Data Management towards the Realization of a Knowledge System for Cultural Heritage

The research activities involved the application of the Geomatic techniques in the Cultural Heritage field, following the development of two themes: Firstly, the application of high precision surveying techniques for the restoration and interpretation of relevant monuments and archaeological finds. The main case regards the activities for the generation of a high-fidelity 3D model of the Fountain of Neptune in Bologna. In this work, aimed to the restoration of the manufacture, both the geometrical and radiometrical aspects were crucial. The final product was the base of a 3D information system representing a shared tool where the different figures involved in the restoration activities shared their contribution in a multidisciplinary approach. Secondly, the arrangement of 3D databases for a Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach, in a process which involves the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of historical buildings, towards a so-called Historical Building Information Model (HBIM). A first application was conducted for the San Michele in Acerboli’s church in Santarcangelo di Romagna. The survey was performed by the integration of the classical and modern Geomatic techniques and the point cloud representing the church was used for the development of a HBIM model, where the relevant information connected to the building could be stored and georeferenced. A second application regards the domus of Obellio Firmo in Pompeii, surveyed by the integration of the classical and modern Geomatic techniques. An historical analysis permitted the definitions of phases and the organization of a database of materials and constructive elements. The goal is the obtaining of a federate model able to manage the different aspects: documental, analytic and reconstructive ones.

Una scienza plausibile per un oggetto sfuggente. Popolazione, societa e governo nel pensiero politico di T.R. Malthus

Questa tesi è un’analisi storico-concettuale del pensiero politico di Thomas Robert Malthus. Si vedrà in particolar modo come la crisi rivoluzionaria tardo settecentesca, cui si sommano i rivolgimenti economici e sociali connessi alla nascita della produzione manifatturiera, spinge l’autore a ripensare alcuni concetti fondamentali del pensiero politico moderno. Popolazione, società, governo e costituzione sono gli oggetti principali di questa ricerca: il principio di popolazione è la legge scientifica cui il reverendo Malthus ricorre per elaborare le proprie teorie sul governo, il quale deve sempre porsi come scopo quello di preservare – o migliorare – la costituzione della società. La presenza politica di masse di poveri in società conduce l’autore alla ricerca di un principio scientifico in grado di fondare nella natura le gerarchie e la disuguaglianza da più parti contestate; in quanto dipendono da «leggi fondamentali», per Malthus le gerarchie e la disuguaglianza che da esse deriva sono un tratto costitutivo della società. La teologia, la morale e l’economia politica sono scienze di cui l’autore si serve per argomentare intorno all’incontestabile natura della povertà e della disuguaglianza tra i sessi, e per affermare le modalità di una loro proficua amministrazione. In India e in Irlanda, poi, le condizioni naturali di cui il principio di popolazione suggella la necessità si scoprono soggette a sfide del tutto originali rispetto a quelle osservabili in Inghilterra. Lì, allora, lo sforzo malthusiano di costruire una scienza all’altezza della complessità dell’oggetto sociale rivela con somma chiarezza la propria ambizione di naturalizzare la politica e garantire le condizioni di disciplinamento degli individui al lavoro e alla subordinazione. Il dispositivo di naturalizzazione che giace al cuore del sistema malthusiano rappresenta la cifra del problema Malthus che apre questa ricerca e ne scandisce i momenti salienti.

The engagement of yugoslav technical cooperation experts in post-colonial Algeria (1962-1990). A global microhistory of east-south relations

The venture of socialist Eastern Europe in assisting the development efforts of the post-colonial countries opened up official migratory channels to the Global South for a specific labour group engaged under international technical cooperation programmes. By taking post-colonial Algeria as a space of East-South interactions and intense inter-socialist competition, the thesis studies labour mobility from socialist Yugoslavia of a heterogeneous group labelled “technical cooperation experts” in the period from 1962 to 1990. While CMEA members dispatched to the country personnel in great numbers, after 1965, Yugoslavia failed to do so. Tracing them beyond the institutional level, the thesis aims at detecting and exposing factors which inhibited the attempts to increase the presence of Yugoslav technical experts in Algeria. It argues that instead of building an alternative, solidarity-based aid model, Yugoslav technical cooperation with the developing countries was reduced to mediation in the employment of highly-skilled labour abroad. The cooperation scheme, which differed from one of its Eastern European counterparts, manifested in the employment and legal status as well as everyday life and work experiences of Yugoslav citizens. Relying on the methodological approach of global microhistory, which strongly favours the micro-historical analysis of primary sources in studying global processes, the thesis provides a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of Yugoslav globalization endeavours. By shifting the focus to the experiences of ordinary people who were under the strong influence of globalization forces of the Cold War era, the thesis adds a “human” dimension to the history of East-South relations.

Historical trends in the epidemiology of candidaemia: analysis of an 11-year period in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil

Candida species are an important cause of bloodstream infections (BSI). To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological aspects of two cohorts {1994-1999 [period 1 (P1) ]; 2000-2004 [period 2 (P2) ]} of candidaemic patients, we performed a retrospective analysis from a laboratory-based survey. A total of 388 candidaemias were identified, with an incidence of 0.20/1,000 patient-days and a significant increase in P2 vs. P1 (0.25 vs. 0.15, p = 0.04). Cancer and prior antibiotic use were frequent and Candida albicans was the most prevalent species found (42.4%). Resistance to fluconazole was found in 2.47% of the strains. No differences were observed in the species distribution of Candida during the study periods. In the P2 cohort, there were higher prevalence of elderly individuals, cardiac, pulmonary and liver diseases, renal failure, central venous catheters and antibiotic therapy. In P1, there were higher prevalence of neurological diseases and chemotherapy. The crude mortality was 55.4%. In conclusion, our incidence rates remained high. Furthermore, the distribution pattern of Candida species and the fluconazole resistance profile remained unchanged. Moreover, we found a clear trend of higher prevalence of candidaemia among the elderly and among patients with comorbidities. Finally, it is necessary to discuss strategies for the prevention and control of Candida BSI in Brazil.

Stationarity analysis of historical flood series in France and Spain (14th-20th centuries)

Interdisciplinary frameworks for studying natural hazards and their temporal trends have an important potential in data generation for risk assessment, land use planning, and therefore the sustainable management of resources. This paper focuses on the adjustments required because of the wide variety of scientific fields involved in the reconstruction and characterisation of flood events for the past 1000 years. The aim of this paper is to describe various methodological aspects of the study of flood events in their historical dimension, including the critical evaluation of old documentary and instrumental sources, flood-event classification and hydraulic modelling, and homogeneity and quality control tests. Standardized criteria for flood classification have been defined and applied to the Isère and Drac floods in France, from 1600 to 1950, and to the Ter, the Llobregat and the Segre floods, in Spain, from 1300 to 1980. The analysis on the Drac and Isère data series from 1600 to the present day showed that extraordinary and catastrophic floods were not distributed uniformly in time. However, the largest floods (general catastrophic floods) were homogeneously distributed in time within the period 1600¿1900. No major flood occurred during the 20th century in these rivers. From 1300 to the present day, no homogeneous behaviour was observed for extraordinary floods in the Spanish rivers. The largest floods were uniformly distributed in time within the period 1300-1900, for the Segre and Ter rivers.

Mesoscale numerical analysis of the historical November 1982 heavy precipitation event over Andorra (Eastern Pyrenees)

From 6 to 8 November 1982 one of the most catastrophic flash-flood events was recorded in the Eastern Pyrenees affecting Andorra and also France and Spain with rainfall accumulations exceeding 400 mm in 24 h, 44 fatalities and widespread damage. This paper aims to exhaustively document this heavy precipitation event and examines mesoscale simulations performed by the French Meso-NH non-hydrostatic atmospheric model. Large-scale simulations show the slow-evolving synoptic environment favourable for the development of a deep Atlantic cyclone which induced a strong southerly flow over the Eastern Pyrenees. From the evolution of the synoptic pattern four distinct phases have been identified during the event. The mesoscale analysis presents the second and the third phase as the most intense in terms of rainfall accumulations and highlights the interaction of the moist and conditionally unstable flows with the mountains. The presence of a SW low level jet (30 m s-1) around 1500 m also had a crucial role on focusing the precipitation over the exposed south slopes of the Eastern Pyrenees. Backward trajectories based on Eulerian on-line passive tracers indicate that the orographic uplift was the main forcing mechanism which triggered and maintained the precipitating systems more than 30 h over the Pyrenees. The moisture of the feeding flow mainly came from the Atlantic Ocean (7-9 g kg-1) and the role of the Mediterranean as a local moisture source was very limited (2-3 g kg-1) due to the high initial water vapour content of the parcels and the rapid passage over the basin along the Spanish Mediterranean coast (less than 12 h).

Mesoscale numerical analysis of the historical November 1982 heavy precipitation event over Andorra (Eastern Pyrenees)

From 6 to 8 November 1982 one of the most catastrophic flash-flood events was recorded in the Eastern Pyrenees affecting Andorra and also France and Spain with rainfall accumulations exceeding 400 mm in 24 h, 44 fatalities and widespread damage. This paper aims to exhaustively document this heavy precipitation event and examines mesoscale simulations performed by the French Meso-NH non-hydrostatic atmospheric model. Large-scale simulations show the slow-evolving synoptic environment favourable for the development of a deep Atlantic cyclone which induced a strong southerly flow over the Eastern Pyrenees. From the evolution of the synoptic pattern four distinct phases have been identified during the event. The mesoscale analysis presents the second and the third phase as the most intense in terms of rainfall accumulations and highlights the interaction of the moist and conditionally unstable flows with the mountains. The presence of a SW low level jet (30 m s-1) around 1500 m also had a crucial role on focusing the precipitation over the exposed south slopes of the Eastern Pyrenees. Backward trajectories based on Eulerian on-line passive tracers indicate that the orographic uplift was the main forcing mechanism which triggered and maintained the precipitating systems more than 30 h over the Pyrenees. The moisture of the feeding flow mainly came from the Atlantic Ocean (7-9 g kg-1) and the role of the Mediterranean as a local moisture source was very limited (2-3 g kg-1) due to the high initial water vapour content of the parcels and the rapid passage over the basin along the Spanish Mediterranean coast (less than 12 h).

Gamma Knife Surgery versus Linac for Brain Metastasis: Which Technique for Which Patient? Analysis of an Historical Cohort of 63 Consecutive Patients Harboring 130 Lesions

Objectives: We present the retrospective analysis of a single-institution experience for radiosurgery (RS) in brain metastasis (BM) with Gamma Knife (GK) and Linac. Methods: From July 2010 to July 2012, 28 patients (with 83 lesions) had RS with GK and 35 patients (with 47 lesions) with Linac. The primary outcome was the local progression-free survival (LPFS). The secondary outcome was the overall survival (OS). Apart a standard statistical analysis, we included a Cox regression model with shared frailty, to modulate the within-patient correlation (preliminary evaluation showed a significant frailty effect, meaning that the correlation within patient could be ignored). Results: The mean follow-up period was 11.7 months (median 7.9, 1.7-22.7) for GK and 18.1 (median 17, 7.5-28.7) for Linac. The median number of lesions per patient was 2.5 (1-9) in GK compared with 1 (1-3) in Linac. There were more radioresistant lesions (melanoma) and more lesions located in functional areas for the GK group. The median dose was 24 Gy (GK) compared with 20 Gy (Linac). The LPFS actuarial rate was as follows: for GK at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 17 months: 96.96, 96.96, 96.96, 88.1, and 81.5%, and remained stable till 32 months; for Linac at 3, 6, 12, 17, 24, and 33 months, it was 91.5, 91.5, 91.5, 79.9, 55.5, and 17.1%, respectively (p = 0.03, chi-square test). After the Cox regression analysis with shared frailty, the p-value was not statistically significant between groups. The median overall survival was 9.7 months for GK and 23.6 months for Linac group. Uni- and multivariate analysis showed a lower GPA score and noncontrolled systemic status were associated with lower OS. Cox regression analysis adjusting for these two parameters showed comparable OS rate. Conclusions: In this comparative report between GK and Linac, preliminary analysis showed that more difficult cases are treated by GK, with patients harboring more lesions, radioresistant tumors, and highly functional located. The groups look, in this sense, very heterogeneous at baseline. After a Cox frailty model, the LPFS rates seemed very similar (p < 0.05). The OS was similar, after adjusting for systemic status and GPA score (p < 0.05). The technical reasons for choosing GK instead of Linac were the anatomical location related to highly functional areas, histology, technical limitations of Linac movements, especially lower posterior fossa locations, or closeness of multiple lesions to highly functional areas optimal dosimetry with Linac

José Antonio Gómez’s Ynvitatorio, Himno y 8 Responsorios : historical context and music analysis of a manuscript ; José Antonio Gómez y Olguín, Ynvitatorio, Himno y 8 Responsorios, orchestral score

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).

A historical case study analysis of the establishment of charismatic leadership in a Protestant Reformation cultic group and its role in the recourse to violence

La recherche sur les questions touchant aux leaders de groupes sectaires et à la violence sectaire a mené à l’étude du rôle joué par l’autorité charismatique, tel que défini par Weber (1922) et repris par Dawson (2010). À ce sujet, d’éminents spécialistes des études sur les sectes sont d’avis qu’un vide important dans la recherche sur l’autorité charismatique dans le contexte de groupes sectaires et de nouveaux mouvements religieux reste à combler (ajouter les références ‘d’éminents spécialistes’). Ce mémoire vise à contribuer à l’étude cet aspect négligé, le rôle de l’autorité charismatique dans le recours è la violence dans les groupes sectaires, par une étude de cas historique d’un groupe de la Réformation protestante du XVIe siècle, le Royaume anabaptiste de Münster (AKA), sous l’influence d’un leader charismatique, Jan van Leiden. Cette recherche s’intéresse plus spécifiquement aux divers moyens utilisés par Jan van Leiden, pour asseoir son autorité charismatique et à ceux qui ont exercé une influence sur le recours à des actes de violence. L’étude de cas est basé sur le matériel provenant de deux comptes-rendus des faits relatés par des participants aux événements qui se sont déroulés à pendant le règne de Leiden à la tête du AKA. L’analyse du matériel recueilli a été réalisé à la lumière de trois concepts théoriques actuels concernant le comportement cultuel et le recours à la violence.. L’application de ces concepts théoriques a mené à l’identification de quatre principales stratégies utilisées par Jan van Leiden pour établir son autorité charismatique auprès de ses disciples, soit : 1) la menace du millénarisme, 2) l’exploitation d’une relation bilatérale parasitique avec ses disciples, 3) l’utilisation de l’extase religieuse et de la prophétie, 4) l’utilisation du désir de voir survenir des changements sociaux et religieux. En plus de ces quatre stratégies, trois autres dimensions ont été retenues comme signes que le recours à la violence dans le Royaume anabaptiste de Münster résultait de l’établissement de l’autorité charismatique de son leader, soit : 1) la violence liée au millénarisme, 2) la notion d’identité et de violence partagée, 3) des facteurs systémiques, physiques et culturels menant à la violence.

International Trade and Cochin Port A Historical. and statistical Analysis -- 1881-1980

The overall focus of the thesis involves the International trade and cochin port a historical and statistical analysis 1881-1980.Analysing the trend of exports and imports through cochin port during the course of the last hundred years .This analysis has brought to light some very pertinent facts which , in our opinion,deserve serious consideration of the policy makers,the partise involved in trade and those who are interested in the development of the cochin port.Our study is restricted to twelve commodities -ten commodities of exports and two commodities of imports.The study reveals that the commodities that were exported from cochin are subjected to fluctuations -some mild and others wild. The projections only indicate the potential and unless we are very cautious the chance will be taken away by our competitors .With reference to the development of the port in particular and the states economy in general we would like to make a suggestion .This suggestion relates to declaring cochin as a free port .This will go a long way in the develppment of the port and the state's economy.The sooner it is done the better for the port and the state.