Frequency of human leukocyte antigen (hla) in patients with malaria and in the general population of Humaitá county, Amazonas state, Brazil

In August 1983,85 inhabitants of the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas State, Brazil were studied to determine the prevalence of antigens to HLA-A, -B, -C and DR. Thirty-eight were sick with malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. All subjects were examined for splenomegaly, blood parasitaemia and antibodies to malaria. They constituted three groups: 1) 25 subjects native to the Amazon region who had never had malaria; 2) 38 Amazonian subjects who had malaria in the past or currently had an infection; 3) 22 patients with malaria who had acquired the infection in the Amazon Region but came from other regions of Brazil. Blood was taken from each person, the lymphocytes were separated and typed by the test of microlymphocytotoxicity. There was a high frequency of antigens that could not be identified in the groups studied which suggests the existence of a homozygote or phenotype not identified in the population. There was a high frequency of the phenotype Ag(W24) (44.7%) in group 2 when compared with group 1 (32%) or group 3 (9%). Also the individuals in group 2 showed an elevated frequency of antigen DR(4)80%) when compared with group 1 (36.6%) or group 3 (16.6%). These observations suggest the possibility of a genetic susceptibility to malaria among Amazonian residents and indicate a necessity for more extensive studies of the frequency of HLA antigens among inhabitants of this endemic malarial zone.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos do escorpionismo na região de Santarém, Estado do Pará, Brasil

Este trabalho é um estudo prospectivo e descritivo dos aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos de 72 envenenamentos por escorpiões admitidos no Hospital Municipal de Santarém, Estado do Pará, Brasil, entre fevereiro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2001. Trouxeram o animal 8,3% das vítimas, os quais foram identificados como T. cambridgei. O sexo masculino foi acometido em 83,3%. A idade das vítimas e o tempo para o socorro médico foram respectivamente de 33,6±18,3 anos e 4,6±3,2 horas em média. Os membros superiores foram acometidos em 51,5% dos casos. As manifestações locais estiveram presentes em 91,7% e as sistêmicas em 98,6% dos envenenamentos. Entre os sintomas locais encontramos: parestesia em 79,2%, dor em 52,8%, e edema em 26,4% dos casos. Nas manifestações sistêmicas predominou as queixas neurológicas em 97,2% das vítimas, sendo o sintoma de sensação de "choque elétrico" pelo corpo (88,9%) o mais freqüente. No exame neurológico os sinais mais encontrados foram: mioclonias (93,0%), dismetria (86,1%), disartria (80,6%) e ataxia de marcha (70,8%). Classificou-se como moderados 76,4% dos envenenamentos, sem nenhum caso grave. Deixaram de realizar a soroterapia 32,7% dos casos moderados, por ausência de soro específico no momento do atendimento. O escorpionismo da região de Santarém mostra um comportamento clínico regional diferente daqueles descritos no Brasil e de outros locais da Amazônia e, apresenta uma clínica predominantemente neurológica, ainda não descrita na literatura brasileira.

Hole cleaning performance monitoring during the drilling of directional wells

During drilling operation, cuttings are produced downhole and must be removed to avoid issues which can lead to Non Productive Time (NPT). Most of stuck pipe and then Bottom-Hole Assembly (BHA) lost events are hole cleaned related. There are many parameters which help determine hole cleaning conditions, but a proper selection of the key parameters will facilitate monitoring hole cleaning conditions and interventions. The aim of Hole Cleaning Monitoring is to keep track of borehole conditions including hole cleaning efficiency and wellbore stability issues during drilling operations. Adequate hole cleaning is the one of the main concerns in the underbalanced drilling operations especially for directional and horizontal wells. This dissertation addresses some hole cleaning fundamentals which will act as the basis for recommendation practice during drilling operations. Understand how parameters such as Flowrate, Rotation per Minute (RPM), Rate of Penetration (ROP) and Mud Weight are useful to improve the hole cleaning performance and how Equivalent Circulate Density (ECD), Torque & Drag (T&D) and Cuttings Volumes coming from downhole help to indicate how clean and stable the well is. For case study, hole cleaning performance or cuttings volume removal monitoring, will be based on real-time measurements of the cuttings volume removal from downhole at certain time, taking into account Flowrate, RPM, ROP and Drilling fluid or Mud properties, and then will be plotted and compared to the volume being drilled expected. ECD monitoring will dictate hole stability conditions and T&D and Cuttings Volume coming from downhole monitoring will dictate how clean the well is. T&D Modeling Software provide theoretical calculated T&D trends which will be plotted and compared to the real-time measurements. It will use the measured hookloads to perform a back-calculation of friction factors along the wellbore.

Hepatitis B virus genotypes and mutations in the basal core promoter and pre-core/core in chronically infected patients in southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study of HBV genotypes and mutations in chronic carriers

Introduction In Brazil, little data exist regarding the distribution of genotypes in relation to basal core promoter (BCP) and precore/core mutations among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers from different regions of the country. The aim of this study was to identify HBV genotypes and the frequency of mutations at the BCP and precore/core region among the prevalent genotypes in chronic carriers from southern Brazil. Methods Nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) products amplified from the S-polymerase gene, BCP and precore/core region from 54 samples were sequenced and analyzed. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the S-polymerase gene sequences showed that 66.7% (36/54) of the patients were infected with genotype D (D1, D2, D3), 25.9% (14/54) with genotype A (A1, A2), 5.6% (3/54) with subgenotype C2, and 2% (1/54) with genotype E. A comparison of virological characteristics showed significant differences between genotypes A, C and D. The comparison between HBeAg status and the G1896A stop codon mutation in patients with genotype D revealed a relationship between HBV G1896A precore mutants and genotype D and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. Genotype D had a higher prevalence of the G1896A mutation and the presence of a thymine at position 1858. Genotype A was associated with a higher prevalence of the G1862T mutation and the presence of a cytosine at position 1858. Conclusions HBV genotype D (D3) is predominant in HBV chronic carriers from southern Brazil. The presence of mutations in the BCP and precore/core region was correlated with the HBV genotype and HBeAg negative status.

On occurrence, habitat specificity and natural history of adult tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) near Manaus, Central Amazonia, and key to the larvae of tiger beetle genera

Over a seven year period from 1991 to 1997, 22 species of tiger beetles, representing nine genera, were recorded near Manaus, Brazil. In the Whitewaterfloodplains along the Rio Solimões-Amazonas (Ilha de Marchantaria), three diurnal species inhabit inundation forests and six species (two diurnal, four nocturnal) live in open areas. Data on their natural history and adaptation to living conditions in floodplains are presented. Fifteen species were located on non-flooded uplands (Reserva Florestal A. Ducke). Five diurnal species inhabit the forest floor, two species are canopy dwellers, and eight species (seven diurnal, one nocturnal) live in open areas on whitesand or laterite. Only one species, Pentacomia lacordairei, was found in both floodplain and upland forests. A key to the larvae of tiger beetle genera located near Manaus is presented.

The species of Notiobia Perty (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) from Brazil

The new species Notiobia glabrata, N. maxima and N. pseudolimbipennis are described. A key to the 11 Notiobia (s.str.) species known from Brazil, data about the distribution of each species and taxonomical remarks are provided. Notiobia parilis Bates, 1878 is a junior synonym of N. nebrioides Perty, 1830, and Notiobia umbrata Bates, 1882 is a junior synonym of N. jlavicinctus Erichson, 1847. The Brazilian Notiobia species belong to at least three different species groups, each distributed from Brazil over the North-Western part of South America, Central America to Mexico.

Emotional aspects of childhood career development: importance and future agenda

Childhood is a central period for career and social-emotional development. However, the literature covering childhood career development and the role of emotions in careers is scarce. In this article, we advocate for the consideration of emotions in childhood career development. Emotional aspects of children’s career exploration, key-figures and interests, as well as of childhood antecedents of lifelong career processes are presented. Relations between childhood emotion, behavior, functioning and learning are also presented. Conclusions center on a call for focused study of the role of emotion in childhood career development and how such an agenda will advance the literature.

Parallel improved Schnorr-Euchner enumeration SE++ for the CVP and SVP

The Closest Vector Problem (CVP) and the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) are prime problems in lattice-based cryptanalysis, since they underpin the security of many lattice-based cryptosystems. Despite the importance of these problems, there are only a few CVP-solvers publicly available, and their scalability was never studied. This paper presents a scalable implementation of an enumeration-based CVP-solver for multi-cores, which can be easily adapted to solve the SVP. In particular, it achieves super-linear speedups in some instances on up to 8 cores and almost linear speedups on 16 cores when solving the CVP on a 50-dimensional lattice. Our results show that enumeration-based CVP-solvers can be parallelized as effectively as enumeration-based solvers for the SVP, based on a comparison with a state of the art SVP-solver. In addition, we show that we can optimize the SVP variant of our solver in such a way that it becomes 35%-60% faster than the fastest enumeration-based SVP-solver to date.

External and internal dynamics in the EU's counter-terrorism policy: a political and legal analysis

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais

Nova genera plantarum...

pt.1-2 1781-82

Nova genera plantarum...

pt.3, 5 1783-84

CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE EL VIRUS PAPILOMA HUMANO (VPH): SU IMPLICANCIA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DEL CÁNCER ORAL.

El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) es una de las de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) más frecuentes [1]. Varios genotipos de VPH pueden generar verrugas genitales, y otros están fuertemente asociados a displasia cervical, cáncer de cuello uterino, de vulva, ano, pene y de orofaringe. La alta prevalencia de la infección por este virus en caso de lesiones bucal premalignas indica que la infección podría ser un evento temprano en el proceso de transformación maligna de las c. Epitelial de la cavidad bucal. La asociación epidemiológica del VPH con Carcinoma de Células escamosa, así como la evidencia biológica dado por la transformación de las células epitelial por oncogenes del virus sugiere que los VPH específicos son importantes para el proceso de malignización, sin que este determine el tamaño ni el estado del tumor. Objetivos 1) Analizar el grado de conocimiento de la población incluida en una encuesta, respecto de las vías de transmisión del VPH, los métodos de prevención, los factores de riesgo y su asociación con las verrugas genitales y el cáncer de cuello de útero, ano, pene y de orofaringe. 2) Determinar la prevalencia y genotipos del VPH en lesiones preneoplásicas y neoplásicas de las vías aerodigestivas superiores de pacientes adultos que acuden a la Fac de Odontología y evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados (sexuales, hhábito de fumar, etc) 3) Determinar la prevalencia y genotipos del VPH en mucosa sana y que presenten lesiones de pacientes pediátricos que acuden a la Facultad de Odontología de la U.N.C.; Servicio del Hospital de Niños de la Pcia de Córdoba y evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados (sexuales, otras ITS por ej: C.trachomatis, M.genital) MATERIALES Y METODOS: Objetivo 1: Se entregará un cuestionario de 28 ítems, con carácter anónimo no vinculante, a estudiantes (mayores de 18 años de edad) universitarios de primer año de las carreras de Medicina, Odontología, FAMAF, Psicopedagogía del Inst Sup Dr. D.Cabred, de la catedra Bacteriologia y Virologia de la F.C.M., pacientes que asisten a los servicios de: Infectología y Ginecología del H.N.C., Ginecología e Infectología del Hospital Italiano, Urología del Hospital San Roque, Ginecología del H.M.N., Lab de Andrología y Reproducción y Lab de Chlamydias y HPV del Instituto de Virología y a empleados y afiliados que asisten a APROSS. Objetivo 2/3: Las muestras con PAP, serán receptadas en 500µl de PBS, luego se extraerá ADN, utilizando un equipo comercial (Bioneer). Se amplificará por PCR, un segmento (450 pb), correspondientes a la región L1 del genoma viral, utilizando los llamados “primer” degenerados MY09 y MY11. La amplificación del gen de la beta-globina se utilizará para comprobar la presencia de un templado; a partir de los productos VPH positivos se realizará digestión enzimática (BamHI, HaeIII, HinfI, PstI, RsaI, DdeI y Sau3A1) lo que permitirá la identificación del genotipo a por RFLP en gel de agarosa al 2%. Se utilizará para el análisis estadístico el programa Epi Info versión 3.5.1 2008 (http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/). Se alinearán las secuencias de ADN empleando el programa Clustal X (23). Las secuencias serán utilizadas para genotipificación por métodos filogenético [o utilizando la herramienta de genotipificación viral del NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genotyping/formpage.cgi)] El análisis filogenético se realizará empleando el Programa MEGA 3 (11) empleando la metodología de Neighbor Joining y se evaluarán por Bootstrap. Resultados esperados:La encuesta brindará datos que se podrán aprovechar para los programas de prevención de la infección con VPH. Se podrá determinar cuáles son los genotipos circulantes en nuestra población y cuáles son los factores de riesgo asociados. Se podrá establecer cuáles son los genotipos asociados a las lesiones preneoplásicas y neoplásicas de la mucosa oral, y determinar la probabilidad de que la vacunación contra los VPH 6, 11, 16 y 18 pueda prevenir la aparición de estas lesiones.

Prevalência de dislipidemia em indivíduos fisicamente ativos durante a infância, adolescência e idade adulta

FUNDAMENTO: A prevalência de dislipidemias vem aumentando em diversas partes do Brasil, porém não é claro ainda quanto de exercício físico é necessário para se obter efeitos benéficos sobre os níveis de lipoproteínas plasmáticas. OBJETIVO: O estudo analisou, em oito cidades do Estado de São Paulo, a associação entre a prática continuada de exercícios físicos ao longo da vida e a ocorrência de dislipidemia na idade adulta. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 2.720 adultos, de ambos os sexos, residentes em oito cidades do Estado de São Paulo. Por meio de entrevista domiciliar, a presença de dislipidemias foi autorreferida e a prática de exercícios físicos foi analisada na infância (7-10 anos), na adolescência (11-17 anos) e na idade adulta (atividades de lazer). No tratamento estatístico, modelos multivariados foram criados com a regressão logística binária. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dislipidemia foi de 12,2% (IC95%= 11,1%-13,5%) e não houve diferença entre as cidades (p = 0,443). Mulheres (p = 0,001) e obesos (p = 0,001) apresentaram maior taxa de dislipidemia. Exercício físico atual não se associou com a presença de dislipidemia ([> 180 minutos por semana] p = 0,165), porém, a prática de exercício físico, tanto na infância (p = 0,001) como na adolescência (p = 0,001), foi associada com menor ocorrência da doença. Adultos fisicamente ativos em todos os três momentos da vida apresentaram 65% menos chances de reportar dislipidemia (RC = 0,35 [0,15-0,78]). CONCLUSÃO: A prática continuada de exercícios físicos ao longo da vida foi associada com menor ocorrência de dislipidemia entre adultos do Estado de São Paulo.

Erkennung und Vermeidung von unkooperativem Verhalten in Peer-to-Peer-Datenstrukturen

Peer-to-Peer, reputation, trust

Functional Capacity of Patients with Pacemaker Due to Isolated Congenital Atrioventricular Block

Background:Isolated congenital atrioventricular block (CAVB) is a rare condition with multiple clinical outcomes. Ventricular remodeling can occur in approximately 10% of the patients after pacemaker (PM) implantation.Objectives:To assess the functional capacity of children and young adults with isolated CAVB and chronic pacing of the right ventricle (RV) and evaluate its correlation with predictors of ventricular remodeling.Methods:This cross-sectional study used a cohort of patients with isolated CAVB and RV pacing for over a year. The subjects underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. Functional capacity was assessed using the six-minute walk test. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used, considering a significance level of 5%.Results:A total of 61 individuals were evaluated between March 2010 and December 2013, of which 67.2% were women, aged between 7 and 41 years, who were using PMs for 13.5 ± 6.3 years. The percentage of ventricular pacing was 97.9 ± 4.1%, and the duration of the paced QRS complex was 153.7 ± 19.1 ms. Majority of the subjects (95.1%) were asymptomatic and did not use any medication. The mean distance walked was 546.9 ± 76.2 meters and was strongly correlated with the predicted distance (r = 0.907, p = 0.001) but not with risk factors for ventricular remodeling. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)Conclusions:The functional capacity of isolated CAVB patients with chronic RV pacing was satisfactory but did not correlate with risk factors for ventricular remodeling.