901 resultados para Ensaio do MTT


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Investigaremos, a partir da perspectiva da Ciência Cognitiva, a noção de representação mental, no domínio da percepção visual humana. Ênfase é dada ao paradigma Conexionista, ou de Redes Neurais, de acordo com o qual tais representações mentais são descritas como estruturas emergentes da interação entre sistemas de processamento de informação que se auto-organizam - tais como o cérebro - e a luz estruturada no meio ambiente. Sugerimos que essa noção de representação mental indica uma solução para uma antiga polêmica, entre Representacionalistas e Eliminativistas, acerca da existência de representações mentais no sistema perceptual humano.

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Fucans, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown algae and some echinoderms, have been extensively studied for its diverse biological activities and because of its interference with molecular mechanisms of cell to cell recognition, including leukocyte trafficking from blood vessels into sites of inflammation mediated by selectin, a family of adhesion molecules. In the present study, we examined structural features of a heterofucan extracted from brown algae Padina gymnospora and its effect on the leukocyte migration to the peritoneum. The sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from the brown seaweed by proteolysis with the proteolytic enzyme maxatase. The presence of protein and uronic acid contamination was detected in the crude polysaccharide extract. Fractionation of the crude extract with growing concentrations of acetone produced five fractions with different concentrations of fucose, xylose, uronic acid, galactose, glucose and sulfate. The fraction precipitated with 1.5 volumes of acetone was characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance, through which can be observed the presence of sulfate groups in the C4 of -L-fucose. The anti-inflammatory action of this composite was assessed by a sodium thioglycollate-induced peritonitis assay and through nitric oxide production by the peritoneal macrophages using Griess reagent. Fraction F1.5 was efficient in reducing leukocyte influx into the peritoneal cavity when 10 mg/kg and 25mg/kg were used, resulting in a decrease of 56 and 39%, respectively. A decrease of nitric oxide production occurred when high concentrations of fucana were used. The cytotoxicity of the composite was also assessed using the reduction of 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Fraction F1.5 had no cytotoxicity when 500 μg/mL of the fraction was used. This study suggests the use of fraction F1.5 (heterofucan) as an anti-inflammatory

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Enzimas Peroxidases são heme-proteínas encontradas nos diferentes organismos vivos, especialmente vegetais, apresentam importante papel fisiológico/bioquímico como proteção contra microorganismos invasores. A soja, um dos mais importantes produtos para o agronegócio brasileiro apresenta na casca de suas sementes (subproduto) alta atividade de peroxidase, denominada soybean peroxidase,com potencial de utilização em métodos analíticos clínicos. A proposta do trabalho foi aplicar o planejamento fatorial para otimização das condições extração da enzima, definição das condições ótimas de atividade (pH e temperatura), utilizando metodologia de superfície de resposta. Os dados obtidos com clara definição foram: i) extração em pó cetonico, ii) meio reacional: pH 3,3, volume da amostra contendo a enzima 330 µL - 340 µL, peróxido de hidrogênio 4,2 mmol.L-1 150 µL, tempo de reação 20 segundos, temperatura 50º C, substrato guaiacol 30mmol.L-1 300 µL, e 0,1 mol.L-1 de NaCl. O uso da dessa metodologia para definição das condições de extração e estudos cinético-enzimáticos da peroxidase de soja foram eficientes e mais precisos, comparado a metodologia de variações/repetições (tentativa e erro).

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Com o objetivo de participar num debate em torno da forma ensaio em sua relação com a filosofia, discutimos essa opção formal da Escola de Frankfurt a partir do texto de Adorno O ensaio como forma. Uma vez encontrada sua proposição de que o objeto do ensaio é um conflito detido, tentamos sugerir algumas das razões sociais que induzem essa escolha.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir um antígeno (Ag) a partir de cultura de células de membrana sinovial caprina (MSC) infectadas com o vírus de artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV), pela técnica de microfiltração seriada, substituindo a ultracentrifugação em colchão de sacarose (UCCS) para utilização em ELISA indireto (ELISA-i). Amostras de 188 soros caprinos, que previamente foram testados pelo Western blot (WB) com Ag UCCS, foram submetidas à análise pelo ELISA-i com o novo antígeno produzido, que mostrou concordância de 92% em relação ao antígeno UCCS. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do ELISA em relação ao WB foram de 95,6% e 88,5%, respectivamente. A nova técnica, criada a partir de microfiltrações, mostrou-se efetiva e de baixo custo para o diagnóstico sorológico de anticorpos para CAEV em comparação ao antígeno ultracentrifugado, e constitui uma alternativa viável para produção de antígeno purificado de lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes.

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Ce texte analyse le cérémonial royal de la monarchie constitutionnelle brésilienne: le sacre et le couronnement de l'Empereur D. Pedro I. Notre examen de ce cérémonial a comme point de départ son caractère liturgique, pour comprendre pourquoi cet aspect a été considéré essentiel alors pour affirmer l'autonomie du nouveau royaume et, en même temps, a contribué pour définir le pouvoir politique de l'Empire du Brésil.

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Foi testado in vivo a sensibilidade de Giardia muris a quatro drogas comumente usadas no tratamento da giardíase humana. Foram utilizados 7 grupos de animais, com 12 camundongos cada, sendo que o grupo controle recebeu apenas solução salina 0,15M (0,5ml/animal). Os demais grupos receberam em dose única: metronidazole e furazolidone (500mg/kg), tinidazole e secnidazole (200mg/kg). A eficácia das drogas foi avaliada através da contagem de cistos nas fezes e pela ausência de trofozoítos no intestino. O metronidazole foi a droga mais eficaz. Os cortes histológicos mostraram diferenças entre o padrão da mucosa intestinal de animais normais e parasitados. No entanto, não se observou diferença entre o padrão de mucosa de animais infectados tratados e não tratados, o que sugere que estas alterações podem ser causadas pelo parasito e não pelas drogas.

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This article analyzes the degree of thermopluviometric influence on certain indicators in the commerce of Maringa, state of Parana. To the end, climate elements, such as the temperature and prectipitation as well as certain economic indicators, namely: ICMS (taxes), SCPC, Video-Check, Consumption and Consumers of Electric Energy were studied. Graphical analyses along with statistical applications of correlation and regression were performed, as well as the examination of a case study. It is believed that the groups investigated showed variations in the forms of correlation. The results herein presented are in the manner of preliminary trial, representing a first attempt at measuring the actual relationship between the climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) with certain behavioural indicators of commerce in the city of Maringa.

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Objective. To assess factors determining growth in a group of children between 3 months and 6 years old enrolled in a public municipal (i.e., government-supported, not private) day-care center, in comparison to a group of children with similar characteristics but who were not enrolled in the center. Methods. A quasi-experimental study was designed to observe 444 children aged 3 to 72 months from a low-income neighborhood in the city of Sorocaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Two groups were studied: 164 children enrolled in a local municipal day-care center (intervention group) and 280 not receiving care at the center (nonintervention, comparison group) but instead being cared for at home. Both groups were seen four times over a period of 16 months. At each observation session, the children's weight and height were measured. Information was also collected on the mother's sociodemographic characteristics and the illnesses she had suffered as well as the child's weight and other health characteristics at birth, the child's illnesses in the 15 days before each observation, and any hospitalizations. Results. The children in both groups were from low-income families, with 65% of the families having an average monthly income below US$ 100; 80% of the mothers had received 8 years of schooling or less. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that at the first observation (just before enrollment in the day-care center), birth weight was the only factor that explained the nutritional differences between the two groups. Subsequent analyses showed that being in day care was the factor that best explained the differences between the groups, especially in terms of the adequacy of weight for age, after controlling for birthweight, sex, age at the beginning of the study, and illnesses in the 15 days before an observation session. The nutritional impact of the intervention was significant as early as 3 months after being enrolled in day care. Conclusions. The nutritional benefits of the care provided at the center outweighed the negative effects sometimes seen in such centers, such as the greater morbidity that children in day-care centers often experience in comparison to children receiving care at home.

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The instrumentation applied to the Charpy test machine allows the accompaniment of the specimen answer front the impact load, in form of a sign characteristically dynamic representative of the deformation process and it fractures of material tested. The main advantages of the rehearsal conventional Charpy: low cost, manufacturing sample facilities and simple handle the machine. With the instrumentation, the number of information regarding the process of fracture of the specimen increases. In this work discusses the influence of the hammer geometry in determination of the force during the process of specimen fracture submitted to the instrumented impact test Charpy-V. The purpose is obtaining a hammer, in conformity with Norma ISO 14.556, with great sensibility to register the force during the impact. Two geometries different from hammers were instrumented and rehearsed with material of low tenacity, in this case the steel ABNT 4140 in the condition of having normalized. It could be proven as larger the sensibility of the hammer, adult will be the effects of the shock waves in the strain gages of the transducer.