MICROBIAL COUNTS of DARK RED LATOSOL SAMPLES STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

População microbiana total e solubilizadora de fosfato em solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de cultivo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes espécies de plantas, fontes de fósforo e calagem sobre a população microbiana total e solubilizadora de fosfato. Foram isolados fungos e bactérias capazes de solubilizar hidroxiapatita, proporcionando P solúvel. O experimento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com fatorial 3x3x2. E os fatores avaliados foram espécies de plantas (controle, braquiária e guandu), fertilizantes (controle, superfosfato simples e fosfato de rocha, ambos na dose de 400 kg ha-1 de P(2)0(5) ) e calagem (com e sem calcário). A população bacteriana cresceu pelo efeito da calagem, e a de fungos aumentou, independentemente da calagem, nas parcelas cultivadas com braquiária e fertilizadas com superfosfato. Foi constatado incremento de biomassa-P microbiana sobre o controle por influência da braquiária (23,9%), do superfosfato (30,9%) e da calagem (46,9%). O número de bactérias solubilizadoras foi favorecido pela calagem ou pelo plantio de guandu adubado com fosfato natural ou com braquiária sem adubação. Os fungos solubilizadores aumentaram na ausência de planta ou de adubação e na presença de guandu com fosfato natural. Finalmente, a calagem favoreceumais o crescimento dos fungos solubilizadores, em comparação com o controle, nos tratamentos fosfato natural, braquiária ou guandu.

MICROBIAL ACTIVITY of DARK RED LATOSOL SAMPLES STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Microrganismos produtores de hidrolases envolvidos nas transformações dos compostos do carbono e do nitrogênio do solo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Quantificação de bactérias totais e esporuladas no solo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seasonal fluctuations of bacterial population and microbial activity in soils cultivated with eucalyptus and pinus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Recovery of soil microbiological properties in a degraded area planted with Corymbia citriodora and Leucaena leucocephala

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Impact of different grazing systems for bovine cattle on the soil microbiological and chemical characteristics

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Flammability limits: A review with emphasis on ethanol for aeronautical applications and description of the experimental procedure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Decomposition of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis litter at two depths

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diagnosis of Public Programs focused on Herbal Medicines in Brazil

The present study is aimed to diagnose the current public programs focused on herbal medicines in Brazil by means of in loco visits to 10 programs selected by means of questionnaires sent to 124 municipalities that count on herbal medicine services. The main purpose of the implementation of program programs is related to the development of medicinal herbs. 70% of them are intended for the production of herbal medicines and 50% are aimed to ensure the access of the population to medicinal plants and or herbal medicines. The initiative of the implementation of these programs was related to the managers (60%). The difficulties in this implementation were due to the lack of funding (100%) of the programs. In 60% of the programs, the physicians did not adhere to herbal medicine services due to the lack of knowledge of the subject. Training courses were proposed (80%) to increase the adhesion of prescribers to the system. Some municipalities use information obtained from patients to assess the therapeutic efficiency of medicinal plants and herbal medicines. of the programs underway, cultivation of medicinal plants was observed in 90% and 78% of them adopt quality control. In most programs, this control is not performed in accordance with the legal requirements. The programs focused on medicinal plants and herbal medicines implemented in Brazil face sonic chronic problems of infrastructure, management, operational capacity and self-sustainability, which can be directly related to the absence of a national policy on medicinal plants and herbal medicines.

Synergistic action of both Aspergillus niger and Burkholderia cepacea in co-culture increases phosphate solubilization in growth medium

Co-inoculation of the fungus Aspergillus niger and the bacterium Burkholderia cepacia was undertaken to understand the interaction between different species of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM). PSM were inoculated in a single or mixed (A. nigerB.similar to cepacia) culture. During 9 similar to days of incubation, microbial biomass was enhanced, accompanied with increases in the levels of soluble phosphate and titratable acidity, as well as increased acid phosphatase activity. Production of acids and levels of phosphate solubilization were greater in the co-culture of A.similar to nigerB.similar to cepacia than in the single culture. The quantity of phosphate solubilized by the co-culture ranged from 40.51 +/- 0.60 to 1103.64 +/- 1.21 similar to mu g similar to PO4 3-similar to mL-1 and was 922% higher than single cultures. pH of the medium dropped from 7.0 to 3.0 in the A.similar to niger culture, 3.1 in the co-culture, and 4.2 in the B.similar to cepacia culture. on the third day of postinoculation, acid production by the co-culture (mean 5.40 +/- 0.31 similar to mg NaOH mL-1) was 1990% greater than single cultures. Glucose concentration decreased almost completely (9799% of the starting concentration) by the ninth day of the incubation. These results show remarkable synergism by the co-culture in comparison with single cultures in the solubility of CaHPO4 under in vitro conditions. This synergy between microorganisms can be used in poor available phosphate soils to enhance phosphate solubilization.

Soluble phosphate accumulation by Aspergillus niger from fluorapatite

In order to determine conditions that may provide greater solubilization of insouluble phosphate, the fungus Aspergillus niger was grown in a stationary culture containing modified citrate medium supplemented with 800 mg fluorapatite per litre. Solubilization of insouluble phosphate increased with fungal growth, reaching a maximum after 11 days of culture. Soluble phosphate levels were correlated with pH of the culture medium but not with titratable acidity values, probably due to the metabolic activity of the fungus resulting from consumption of sugar in the culture medium. Fructose, glucose, xylose, and sucrose were the carbohydrates that favoured fluorapatite solubilization the most when compared with galactose and maltose. Although increasing fructose concentrations in the culture medium favoured mycelial growth, increased total acidity and a fall in pH, soluble phosphate levels were reduced, probably owing to consumption by the rapidly growing fungus. Among the nitrogen sources tested, ammonium salts favoured the production of larger amounts of soluble phosphate than organic nitrogen (peptone or urea) or nitrate, corresponding to the lowest pH and highest titratable acidity values obtained. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.

Control of amylase production and growth characteristics of Aspergillus ochraceus

The growth and the extracellular amylase production by Aspergillus ochraceus were studied in a stationary culture medium. Maximum growth rate of this fungus was found after 5 days of incubation at 30° C, but maximum amylase production was obtained after 2 days. The highest amylase production were attained with lactose, maltose, xylose and starch as carbon sources. The extracellular amylase production and mycelial growth were influenced by the concentration of starch. Other carbohydrates supported growth but did not induce amylase synthesis and glucose repressed it, indicating catabolite repression in this microorganism. The presence of both mechanisms of induction and repression suggests that at least these multiple forms of regulation are present in A. ochraceus. Of the nitrogen sources tested, casaminoacids, ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate stimulated the highest yield of amylase. Optimal amylase production was obtained at pH 5.0, but enzyme activity was found only in the 4.0-6.0 pH range. These results were probably due to the inhibitory effect of NH 4 +-N in the culture medium.