How do I get Word 2010 table headers to repeat on subsequent pages

When a table crosses on to 2 or more pages it can be very useful to have the headers appear on all subsequent pages. This video shows how.

En inglés.

El proyecto pretende acercar a los alumnos a una lengua extranjera de forma divertida y atractiva, y despertar su interés por otras culturas. Los objetivos son romper las barreras de comunicación creadas por las diferentes lenguas; motivar a los alumnos en la búsqueda de producciones artísticas en lengua extranjera; favorecer el intercambio de experiencias y creaciones artísticas entre los ciclos; y disfrutar, mejorando la relación entre los miembros de la comunidad educativa. Entre las actividades, destacan audiciones para fijar la pronunciación; representaciones teatrales; murales sobre aspectos socioculturales del Reino Unido; aprendizaje de juegos y canciones para la representación de Música en Inglés; lectura de libros; correspondencia con niños del colegio International School of Madrid; Jornadas de cine en inglés; English Festival; talleres para Infantil; visita de exposiciones, como la de la biblioteca del centro; y el periódico The Pencil, que recoge las producciones de los alumnos expuestas en los pasillos del centro. Se elaboran materiales, como carteles señalizadores; libro de canciones; cartas en inglés; reproducción de monumentos y objetos típicos ingleses, para decorar los pabellones del centro; materiales elaborados en los talleres; el periódico The Pencil; reportaje fotográfico de las actividades para la exposición; vídeo sobre las Jornadas Culturales; e información y fotos sobre las Jornadas Culturales para la página web del centro. Se incluyen como anexos los murales y fichas de vocabulario, letras de canciones y cartas en inglés, tarjetas, móvil, juego Noughs and crosses, memory game, A yellow submarine, dominó, banderas, marcapáginas, puzzles, mapas, el número 3 del periódico The Pencil, el reportaje fotográfico, y el vídeo..

La enseñanza de Inglés mediante ordenador.

El proyecto intenta, a partir de un enfoque comunicativo, unir enseñanza de idiomas y tecnología, la segunda como aplicación coherente de las ventajas del ordenador para este tipo de enseñanza. Pretende además, despertar el interés del alumno por el uso del ordenador y desarrollar en él destrezas operativas y manipulativas respecto de éste como instrumento de trabajo. Otro de los objetivos era mejorar las destrezas comunicativas y secuenciar la adquisición de otras destrezas de lecto-escritura acercando el proceso de adquisición de la L2 al de la L1 (lengua materna). A comienzos del curso 93-94 se comenzó la progresiva integración del CALL dentro del programa de Inglés del curso con una dedicación de una o dos horas semanales de las cinco dedicadas al idioma. Se llevó a cabo en la sala de ordenadores del centro a la que acudían en grupos de 22 personas y 2 alumnos por ordenador. Se aplicó a un total de 200 alumnos de quinto, sexto,séptimo, octavo y primero de BUP que ya conocían la metodología desde su incorporación al centro y a otros grupos especiales de preparación de los exámenes Cambridge. Se seleccionaron 11 temas : People, Inventions and Discoveries, Travelling, Ecology, Animals, Sports, Future, Free Time, Cinema, Music and Nature. Los contenidos seleccionados eran de dos tipos: los que proporcionaban los programas adquiridos, en la mayoría de los casos secuenciados por niveles y por temas, y los que el profesor y los alumnos incorporaban con el editor. Una vez elegido el vocabulario que se consideraba que los alumnos debían trabajar en estos niveles educativos, se procedió a la elaboración de los ejercicios donde se incluían los items seleccionados. Para ello se recogieron 6 actividades tipo, relacionadas con la adquisición de vocabulario y con su evaluación. Estos fueron básicamente: definición, palabras que faltan, ordenar una frase, verdad-mentira, elección múltiple, cloze. Se comprobó que la individualización e interacción de alumnos con el ordenador repercute en la eficacia, y el CALL es especialmente efectivo en el caso de la lecto-escritura, y para la adquisición de vocabulario y la transferencia de vocabulario pasivo a activo. Queda demostrado que el CALL es un medio de enseñanza que debe tener un lugar integrado en el conjunto de recursos didácticos del programa. Se utilizaron los programas: Striptext, Time, Numbers and Prepositions, Reading Exercices, Fast Fingers, Coptone Down, Nought and Crosses, Rank Order, Multitester, Dealing with texts, Comparative and Superlative, First Certificate, Which Word, Anagrams, Alphagrame, Mind Word, Word Order, Vocabulary WordStore.

Modelling, control and supervision for a class of hybrid systems

The aim of this thesis is to narrow the gap between two different control techniques: the continuous control and the discrete event control techniques DES. This gap can be reduced by the study of Hybrid systems, and by interpreting as Hybrid systems the majority of large-scale systems. In particular, when looking deeply into a process, it is often possible to identify interaction between discrete and continuous signals. Hybrid systems are systems that have both continuous, and discrete signals. Continuous signals are generally supposed continuous and differentiable in time, since discrete signals are neither continuous nor differentiable in time due to their abrupt changes in time. Continuous signals often represent the measure of natural physical magnitudes such as temperature, pressure etc. The discrete signals are normally artificial signals, operated by human artefacts as current, voltage, light etc. Typical processes modelled as Hybrid systems are production systems, chemical process, or continuos production when time and continuous measures interacts with the transport, and stock inventory system. Complex systems as manufacturing lines are hybrid in a global sense. They can be decomposed into several subsystems, and their links. Another motivation for the study of Hybrid systems is the tools developed by other research domains. These tools benefit from the use of temporal logic for the analysis of several properties of Hybrid systems model, and use it to design systems and controllers, which satisfies physical or imposed restrictions. This thesis is focused in particular types of systems with discrete and continuous signals in interaction. That can be modelled hard non-linealities, such as hysteresis, jumps in the state, limit cycles, etc. and their possible non-deterministic future behaviour expressed by an interpretable model description. The Hybrid systems treated in this work are systems with several discrete states, always less than thirty states (it can arrive to NP hard problem), and continuous dynamics evolving with expression: with Ki ¡ Rn constant vectors or matrices for X components vector. In several states the continuous evolution can be several of them Ki = 0. In this formulation, the mathematics can express Time invariant linear system. By the use of this expression for a local part, the combination of several local linear models is possible to represent non-linear systems. And with the interaction with discrete events of the system the model can compose non-linear Hybrid systems. Especially multistage processes with high continuous dynamics are well represented by the proposed methodology. Sate vectors with more than two components, as third order models or higher is well approximated by the proposed approximation. Flexible belt transmission, chemical reactions with initial start-up and mobile robots with important friction are several physical systems, which profits from the benefits of proposed methodology (accuracy). The motivation of this thesis is to obtain a solution that can control and drive the Hybrid systems from the origin or starting point to the goal. How to obtain this solution, and which is the best solution in terms of one cost function subject to the physical restrictions and control actions is analysed. Hybrid systems that have several possible states, different ways to drive the system to the goal and different continuous control signals are problems that motivate this research. The requirements of the system on which we work is: a model that can represent the behaviour of the non-linear systems, and that possibilities the prediction of possible future behaviour for the model, in order to apply an supervisor which decides the optimal and secure action to drive the system toward the goal. Specific problems can be determined by the use of this kind of hybrid models are: - The unity of order. - Control the system along a reachable path. - Control the system in a safe path. - Optimise the cost function. - Modularity of control The proposed model solves the specified problems in the switching models problem, the initial condition calculus and the unity of the order models. Continuous and discrete phenomena are represented in Linear hybrid models, defined with defined eighth-tuple parameters to model different types of hybrid phenomena. Applying a transformation over the state vector : for LTI system we obtain from a two-dimensional SS a single parameter, alpha, which still maintains the dynamical information. Combining this parameter with the system output, a complete description of the system is obtained in a form of a graph in polar representation. Using Tagaki-Sugeno type III is a fuzzy model which include linear time invariant LTI models for each local model, the fuzzyfication of different LTI local model gives as a result a non-linear time invariant model. In our case the output and the alpha measure govern the membership function. Hybrid systems control is a huge task, the processes need to be guided from the Starting point to the desired End point, passing a through of different specific states and points in the trajectory. The system can be structured in different levels of abstraction and the control in three layers for the Hybrid systems from planning the process to produce the actions, these are the planning, the process and control layer. In this case the algorithms will be applied to robotics ¡V a domain where improvements are well accepted ¡V it is expected to find a simple repetitive processes for which the extra effort in complexity can be compensated by some cost reductions. It may be also interesting to implement some control optimisation to processes such as fuel injection, DC-DC converters etc. In order to apply the RW theory of discrete event systems on a Hybrid system, we must abstract the continuous signals and to project the events generated for these signals, to obtain new sets of observable and controllable events. Ramadge & Wonham¡¦s theory along with the TCT software give a Controllable Sublanguage of the legal language generated for a Discrete Event System (DES). Continuous abstraction transforms predicates over continuous variables into controllable or uncontrollable events, and modifies the set of uncontrollable, controllable observable and unobservable events. Continuous signals produce into the system virtual events, when this crosses the bound limits. If this event is deterministic, they can be projected. It is necessary to determine the controllability of this event, in order to assign this to the corresponding set, , controllable, uncontrollable, observable and unobservable set of events. Find optimal trajectories in order to minimise some cost function is the goal of the modelling procedure. Mathematical model for the system allows the user to apply mathematical techniques over this expression. These possibilities are, to minimise a specific cost function, to obtain optimal controllers and to approximate a specific trajectory. The combination of the Dynamic Programming with Bellman Principle of optimality, give us the procedure to solve the minimum time trajectory for Hybrid systems. The problem is greater when there exists interaction between adjacent states. In Hybrid systems the problem is to determine the partial set points to be applied at the local models. Optimal controller can be implemented in each local model in order to assure the minimisation of the local costs. The solution of this problem needs to give us the trajectory to follow the system. Trajectory marked by a set of set points to force the system to passing over them. Several ways are possible to drive the system from the Starting point Xi to the End point Xf. Different ways are interesting in: dynamic sense, minimum states, approximation at set points, etc. These ways need to be safe and viable and RchW. And only one of them must to be applied, normally the best, which minimises the proposed cost function. A Reachable Way, this means the controllable way and safe, will be evaluated in order to obtain which one minimises the cost function. Contribution of this work is a complete framework to work with the majority Hybrid systems, the procedures to model, control and supervise are defined and explained and its use is demonstrated. Also explained is the procedure to model the systems to be analysed for automatic verification. Great improvements were obtained by using this methodology in comparison to using other piecewise linear approximations. It is demonstrated in particular cases this methodology can provide best approximation. The most important contribution of this work, is the Alpha approximation for non-linear systems with high dynamics While this kind of process is not typical, but in this case the Alpha approximation is the best linear approximation to use, and give a compact representation.

A aprendizagem cooperativa como estratégia promotora de inclusão no 1º Ciclo

Deste Trabalho de projeto faz parte uma intervenção junto de uma turma que inclui um aluno considerado com necessidades educativas especiais. A intervenção ocorreu numa turma do 1º ano de escolaridade, numa escola de uma cidade do Alto Alentejo, onde está o aluno desencadeador da nossa ação, diagnosticado com a Síndrome de Prader-Willi. Considerando que a intervenção necessita de ser fundamentada em pressupostos teóricos que sustentem as opções realizadas, no enquadramento teórico são tratados os temas: inclusão, organização e funcionamento da educação especial, aprendizagem cooperativa e estratégias na sala de aula e por último a síndrome de Prader-willi. Relativamente ao enquadramento metodológico, atendendo ao facto da investigação ser realizada numa turma onde vamos intervir, leva a que se trate de uma investigação em que a componente reflexiva teve um papel decisivo em todas as fases do trabalho, tendo-se optado por uma metodologia qualitativa assente nos princípios da investigação-ação. Utilizámos diversos métodos para a recolha de dados, nomeadamente a análise documental, a observação naturalista, a entrevista e a sociometria, o que nos permitiu recolher várias perspetivas sobre o mesmo contexto e proceder a cruzamentos entre elas. Da caracterização da turma, do aluno e dos contextos, partimos para uma intervenção estruturada, numa dinâmica de planificação, ação, avaliação e reflexão, geradora de práticas educativas diferenciadas e inclusivas. Pretendemos, com a intervenção, criar uma dinâmica cooperativa e de colaboração no grupo da turma, para que se alcance uma situação de inclusão educativa, em que os alunos aprendem todos e com todos, para conseguirem obter sucesso educativo. Os resultados obtidos indicam-nos que o aluno está incluído e que ao longo das sessões de trabalho foi mantendo um nível de interação mais positivo com os colegas. As atividades desenvolvidas tiveram impacto sobre todos os alunos e não apenas sobre o aluno desencadeador da ação.

A mobilidade no sector bancário português

Devido ao período difícil que o país atravessa é importante para todos os sectores empresariais e também, para a banca, que não se percam clientes para a concorrência, de modo a conseguir fidelizá-los. Os consumidores têm o direito de eleger o banco onde pretendem que exista uma relação. Desta forma, perante o mercado existente e os produtos que as instituições bancárias oferecem num determinado momento, os consumidores têm de analisar as várias propostas dos bancos e esta escolha tem por base diversos fatores: o preço, a localização do banco, qualidade de atendimento, etc. No caso de um determinado consumidor não estar satisfeito com o serviço prestado pelo seu banco, quer em termos de preços ou qualidade, tem o direito de mudar de banco. No entanto, e perante a crise que se atravessa, os bancos colocam alguns entraves na saída do cliente para o banco concorrente, nomeadamente, custos de mudança. Estes custos refletem, principalmente, as comissões de encerramento de produtos bancários. Assim, para que a mobilidade dos clientes se realize sem entraves, os bancos devem simplificar as medidas de modo a facilitar este processo de transferência dos clientes, para outras instituições.

Developmental changes in the germinability, desiccation tolerance, hardseededness, and longevity of individual seeds of Trifolium ambiguum

Background and Aims: Using two parental clones of outcrossing Trifolium ambiguum as a potential model system, we examined how during seed development the maternal parent, number of seeds per pod, seed position within the pod, and pod position within the inflorescence influenced individual seed fresh weight, dry weight, water content, germinability, desiccation tolerance, hardseededness, and subsequent longevity of individual seeds. Methods: Near simultaneous, manual reciprocal crosses were carried out between clonal lines for two experiments. Infructescences were harvested at intervals during seed development. Each individual seed was weighed and then used to determine dry weight or one of the physiological behaviour traits. Key Results: Whilst population mass maturity was reached at 33–36 days after pollination (DAP), seed-to-seed variation in maximum seed dry weight, when it was achieved, and when maturation drying commenced, was considerable. Individual seeds acquired germinability between 14 and 44 DAP, desiccation tolerance between 30 and 40 DAP, and the capability to become hardseeded between 30 and 47 DAP. The time for viability to fall to 50 % (p50) at 60 % relative humidity and 45 °C increased between 36 and 56 DAP, when the seed coats of most individuals had become dark orange, but declined thereafter. Individual seed f. wt at harvest did not correlate with air-dry storage survival period. Analysing survival data for cohorts of seeds reduced the standard deviation of the normal distribution of seed deaths in time, but no sub-population showed complete uniformity of survival period. Conclusions: Variation in individual seed behaviours within a developing population is inherent and inevitable. In this outbreeder, there is significant variation in seed longevity which appears dependent on embryo genotype with little effect of maternal genotype or architectural factors.

Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): Occurrence and taxonomic distribution

Background and aims Unilateral incompatibility (UI) occurs when pollinations between species are successful in one direction but not in the other. Self-incompatible (SI) species frequently show UI with genetically related, self-compatible (SC) species, as pollen of SI species is compatible on the SC pistil, but not vice versa. Many examples of unilateral incompatibility, and all those which have been studied most intensively, are found in the Solanaceae, particularly Lycopersicon, Solanum, Nicotiana and Petunia. The genus Capsicum is evolutionarily somewhat distant from Lycopersicon and Solanum and even further removed from Nicotiana and Petunia. Unilateral incompatibility has also been reported in Capsicum; however, this is the first comprehensive study of crosses between all readily available species in the genus. Methods All readily available (wild and domesticated) species in the genus are used as plant material, including the three genera from the Capsicum pubescens complex plus eight other species. Pollinations were made on pot-grown plants in a glasshouse. The number of pistils pollinated per cross varied (from five to 40 pistils per plant), depending on the numbers of flowers available. Pistils were collected 24 h after pollination and fixed for 3-24 h. After staining, pistils were mounted in a drop of stain, squashed gently under a cover slip and examined microscopically under ultra-violet light for pollen tube growth. Key results Unilateral incompatibility is confirmed in the C. pubescens complex. Its direction conforms to that predominant in the Solanaceae and other families, i.e. pistils of self-incompatible species, or self-compatible taxa closely related to self-incompatible species, inhibit pollen tubes of self-compatible species. Conclusions Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum does not seem to have arisen to prevent introgression of self-compatibility into self-incompatible taxa, but as a by-product of divergence of the C. pubescens complex from the remainder of the genus. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.

The survival, growth and carcase characteristics of crossbred beef cattle in Tanzania

Sires of seven Bos taurus beef breeds were mated with Bos indicus Boran cows at two sites, one near sea level and the other at about 1000 m altitude, and over three years. Purebred Boran calves provided controls for comparisons between sire breeds for growth to 4 years of age, mortality and carcase characteristics in a range environment where all the animals were kept under a similar management regime. Numerous sire breed x site, sire breed x year of birth and site x year of birth interactions were established. Mortality was high, but there was no significant sire breed effect, although purebred Borans had a higher survival than crossbred calves. There was no significant difference between genotypes in birth weight. Generally, Bos taurus cross steers achieved greater live weight gains and heavier carcase weights at 4 years of age than did purebred Borans. Limousin-cross steers had significantly (p<0.05) less fat in the tenth rib sample joint than any of the other genotypes. A productivity index that combined calf survival and carcase weight indicated that the Chianina crosses were more productive than any other genotype at either site. Purebred Borans were more productive than all the Bos taurus crossbreds with the exception of the Chianina crosses at site 1, but were only superior to the Limousin crosses at site 2, which was at the higher altitude. When lean meat yield was introduced into the productivity index, the Boran purebreds were the least productive at site 2.

Winter wheat in England and Wales, 1923 - 1995: What do indices of genetic diversity reveal?

Genealogical data have been used very widely to construct indices with which to examine the contribution of plant breeding programmes to the maintenance and enhancement of genetic resources. In this paper we use such indices to examine changes in the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop in England and Wales between 1923 and 1995. We find that, except for one period characterized by the dominance of imported varieties, the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop has been remarkably stable. This agrees with many studies of plant breeding programmes elsewhere. However, underlying the stability of the winter wheat crop is accelerating varietal turnover without any significant diversification of the genetic resources used. Moreover, the changes we observe are more directly attributable to changes in the varietal shares of the area under winter wheat than to the genealogical relationship between the varieties sown. We argue, therefore, that while genealogical indices reflect how well plant breeders have retained and exploited the resources with which they started, these indices suffer from a critical limitation. They do not reflect the proportion of the available range of genetic resources which has been effectively utilized in the breeding programme: complex crosses of a given set of varieties can yield high indices, and yet disguise the loss (or non-utilization) of a large proportion of the available genetic diversity.

Recent advances in the application of in vitro systems to plant improvement

The horticultural industry was instrumental in the early development and exploitation of genetic techniques over a century ago. This review will describe recent advances in a range of in vitro methods and their application to plant breeding, with especial emphasis on horticultural crops. These methods include improvements in the efficiency of haploid breeding techniques in many fruit and vegetable species using either microspore-derived or ovule-derived plants. Significant molecular information is now available to supplement these essentially empirical approaches and this may enable the more predictable application of these technologies in previously intransigent crops. Similarly there are now improved techniques for isolation of somatic hybrids, by application of either in vitro fertilisation or the culture of excised ovules from interspecific crosses. In addition to examples taken from the traditional scientific literature, emphasis will also be given to the use of patent databases as a valuable source of information on recent novel technologies developed in the commercial world.

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits revealed between diploid Fragaria species

Background and Aims: The aims of this investigation were to highlight the qualitative and quantitative diversity apparent between nine diploid Fragaria species and produce interspecific populations segregating for a large number of morphological characters suitable for quantitative trait loci analysis. Methods: A qualitative comparison of eight described diploid Fragaria species was performed and measurements were taken of 23 morphological traits from 19 accessions including eight described species and one previously undescribed species. A principal components analysis was performed on 14 mathematically unrelated traits from these accessions, which partitioned the species accessions into distinct morphological groups. Interspecific crosses were performed with accessions of species that displayed significant quantitative divergence and, from these, populations that should segregate for a range of quantitative traits were raised. Key Results: Significant differences between species were observed for all 23 morphological traits quantified and three distinct groups of species accessions were observed after the principal components analysis. Interspecific crosses were performed between these groups, and F2 and backcross populations were raised that should segregate for a range of morphological characters. In addition, the study highlighted a number of distinctive morphological characters in many of the species studied. Conclusions: Diploid Fragaria species are morphologically diverse, yet remain highly interfertile, making the group an ideal model for the study of the genetic basis of phenotypic differences between species through map-based investigation using quantitative trait loci. The segregating interspecific populations raised will be ideal for such investigations and could also provide insights into the nature and extent of genome evolution within this group.

On the quantum mechanical scattering statistics of many particles

The probability of a quantum particle being detected in a given solid angle is determined by the S-matrix. The explanation of this fact in time-dependent scattering theory is often linked to the quantum flux, since the quantum flux integrated against a (detector-) surface and over a time interval can be viewed as the probability that the particle crosses this surface within the given time interval. Regarding many particle scattering, however, this argument is no longer valid, as each particle arrives at the detector at its own random time. While various treatments of this problem can be envisaged, here we present a straightforward Bohmian analysis of many particle potential scattering from which the S-matrix probability emerges in the limit of large distances.

Small time two-sided LIL behavior for Lévy processes at zero

We wish to characterize when a Lévy process X t crosses boundaries b(t), in a two-sided sense, for small times t, where b(t) satisfies very mild conditions. An integral test is furnished for computing the value of sup t→0|X t |/b(t) = c. In some cases, we also specify a function b(t) in terms of the Lévy triplet, such that sup t→0 |X t |/b(t) = 1.

Genetic structure and linkage disequilibrium in landrace populations of barley in Sardinia

Multilocus digenic linkage disequilibria (LD) and their population structure were investigated in eleven landrace populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) in Sardinia, using 134 dominant simple-sequence amplified polymorphism markers. The analysis of molecular variance for these markers indicated that the populations were partially differentiated (F ST = 0.18), and clustered into three geographic areas. Consistent with this population pattern, STRUCTURE analysis allocated individuals from a bulk of all populations into four genetic groups, and these groups also showed geographic patterns. In agreement with other molecular studies in barley, the general level of LD was low (13 % of locus pairs, with P < 0.01) in the bulk of 337 lines, and decayed steeply with map distance between markers. The partitioning of multilocus associations into various components indicated that genetic drift and founder effects played a major role in determining the overall genetic makeup of the diversity in these landrace populations, but that epistatic homogenising or diversifying selection was also present. Notably, the variance of the disequilibrium component was relatively high, which implies caution in the pooling of barley lines for association studies. Finally, we compared the analyses of multilocus structure in barley landrace populations with parallel analyses in both composite crosses of barley on the one hand and in natural populations of wild barley on the other. Neither of these serves as suitable mimics of landraces in barley, which require their own study. Overall, the results suggest that these populations can be exploited for LD mapping if population structure is controlled.