Caratterizzazione sperimentale dell'ossido di stronzio per l'assorbimento del diossido di carbonio da correnti gassose ad alta temperatura e considerazioni sulla sua applicazione industriale in processi CCS

Del granulato di ossido di stronzio (anche nella formula carbonato) è stato testato come nuovo possibile materiale di utilizzo per la cattura ad alta temperatura di diossido di carbonio da effluenti gassosi di scarto. Sono stati condotti diversi esperimenti con strumentazioni già preposte, quali test termogravimetrici, microscopia elettronica (SEM) e Xray (XRD). Mentre per la sperimentazione in quantità più rilevanti di materiale è stato costruito un impianto a letto fisso ex novo. Le prove TG hanno evidenziato una capacità media di sorbente parti a circa il 5% in massa di ossido, a temperature tra i 1100°C e i 1200°C, in situazione di regime (dopo numerosi cicli di carb/calc), con una buona conservazione nel tempo delle proprietà adsorbitive, mentre per le prove a letto fisso, si è registrato un calo di valori variabile tra il 3 e il 4%, con un netto miglioramento nel caso di calcinazione in vapore surriscaldato fino al 5%. Il trattamento in vapore ha sortito l’importante effetto di calcinazione del diossido di carbonio dal sorbente, quindi facilmente separabile dal flusso in uscita, misurato tramite cattura in una soluzione di idrossido di bario. Importanti fenomeni di sintering e densificazione hanno portato ad occludere completamente la camera di reazione sviluppando notevoli sovrappressioni interne. Tali fenomeni sono stati approfonditi tramite analisi SEM e XRD. Si è constatato un aumento notevole della grandezza dei granuli in caso di trattamento in vapore con la formazione di legami stabili e con conservazione della porosità. Nel caso di trattamento senza vapore surriscaldato i granuli hanno sinterizzato tramite formazione di legami, ma sempre con conservazione della macroporosità. Il lavoro di tesi è stato inquadrato nel contesto tecnologico al riguardo le tecniche CCS esistenti ed in progetto, con un attento studio bibliografico riguardo lo stato dell’arte, impianti esistenti, costi, metodi di cattura usati, metodologie di trasporto dei gas, metodologie di stoccaggio esistenti e in progetto. Si sono considerati alcuni aspetti economici per sviluppare un modello previsionale di spesa per una possibile applicazione di cattura per un impianto di produzione energetica. Con la progettazione e dimensionamento di un sistema integrato di adsorbimento tramite l’accoppiamento di 2 reattori dedicati ai cicli di carbonatazione e calcinazione del materiale sorbente. Infine si sono considerati gli aspetti salienti dello stoccaggio del diossido di carbonio in reservoir tramite le tecniche di EOR e EGR (Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery) utilizzando la stessa CO2 come fluido spiazzante degli idrocarburi in posto. Concludendo il lavoro di tesi e di sperimentazione ha contribuito in modo tangibile allo scopo prefissato, andando a caratterizzare un nuovo materiale per la cattura di diossido di carbonio da effluenti gassosi ad alta temperatura, ed andando a verificare un’importante fenomeno rigenerativo non previsto delle capacità sorbitive dei materiali sottoposti a test.

Studio di scintillatori accoppiati a SiPM per un tracciatore di particelle cariche

Negli esperimenti con particelle elementari si rende spesso necessario misurarne l’impulso e discriminare il segno della carica con l’ausilio di campi magnetici. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi si inserisce nell'attività preliminare per la realizzazione di uno spettrometro per muoni con impulso nell'intervallo 0.5-4 GeV, posto all'interno di un campo magnetico in aria. Il prototipo di tracciatore su cui sono state condotte le misure presentate in questa tesi è costituito da diversi piani di barre di scintillatore plastico accoppiate a fotomoltiplicatori al Silicio. Le misure di laboratorio sono state finalizzate a determinare la risoluzione spaziale del prototipo a partire dai segnali di muoni cosmici nelle barre di scintillatore. Dalla ricostruzione delle tracce dei muoni è stata determinata una risoluzione spaziale migliore di 2 mm, che risulta adeguata per lo spettrometro che si vuole realizzare.

5a-Butyl-1,3,8,10-tetra-chloro-7,13-bis-(4-nitro-benzo-yl)-5a,6a,12a,12b-tetra-hydro-7H,13H-thieno[2,3-b:4,5-b']bis-(1,4-benzoxazine)

The title compound, C(34)H(24)Cl(4)N(4)O(8)S, is a linear penta-cyclic system formed of two substituted benzoxazinyl groups fused to 2-n-butyl-tetra-hydro-thio-phene. The oxazine ring, which is fused to the n-butyl-substituted side of the thio-phene ring, is in a boat conformation. The other fused oxazine ring and the tetra-hydro-thiene ring are each in an envelope conformation. The bridgehead C atom alpha to both the S and N atoms forms the flap of each envelope. This results in a twist of the penta-cyclic system such that the dihedral angle between the terminal dichloro-benzene rings is 82.92 (8)°. In the crystal, inversion-related mol-ecules form a weakly hydrogen-bonded dimer, with two C-H⋯O inter-actions between an H atom on the oxazine ring and an amide O atom. Additionally, C-H⋯O inter-actions occur between an H atom on a screw-related nitro-benzene ring and an O atom on the nitro-benzene ring of one mol-ecule. One of the Cl atoms and the butyl group are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy ratios of 0.94 (2):0.06 (2) and 0.624 (4):0.376 (4), respectively.

Cooperative Effects of Electron Donors and Acceptors for the Stabilization of Elusive Metal Cluster Frameworks: Synthesis and Solid-State Structures of Pt-19(CO)(24)(mu(4)-AuPPh3)(3)](-) and Pt-19(CO)(24){mu(4)-Au-2(PPh3)(2)}(2)]

The anionic cluster Pt-19(CO)(22)](4-) (1), of pentagonal symmetry, reacts with CO and AuPPh3+ fragments. Upon increasing the Au:Pt-19, molar ratio, different species are sequentially formed, but only the last two members of the series could be characterized by X-ray diffraction, namely, Pt-19(CO)(24)(mu(4)-AuPPh3)(3)](-) (2) and Pt-19(CO)(24){mu(4)-Au-2(PPh3)(2)}(2)] (3).The metallic framework of the starting cluster is completely modified after the addition of CO and AuL+, and both products display the same platinum core of trigonal symmetry, with closely packed metal atoms. The three AuL+ units cap three different square faces in 2, whereas four AuL+ fragments are grouped in two independent bimetallic units in the neutral cluster 3. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies on 2 showed that its redox ability is comparable with that of the homometallic 1.

A thermodynamic model for di-trioctahedral chlorite from experimental and natural data in the system MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. Applications to P-T sections and geothermometry

We present a new thermodynamic activity-composition model for di-trioctahedral chlorite in the system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O that is based on the Holland–Powell internally consistent thermodynamic data set. The model is formulated in terms of four linearly independent end-members, which are amesite, clinochlore, daphnite and sudoite. These account for the most important crystal-chemical substitutions in chlorite, the Fe–Mg, Tschermak and di-trioctahedral substitution. The ideal part of end-member activities is modeled with a mixing-on-site formalism, and non-ideality is described by a macroscopic symmetric (regular) formalism. The symmetric interaction parameters were calibrated using a set of 271 published chlorite analyses for which robust independent temperature estimates are available. In addition, adjustment of the standard state thermodynamic properties of sudoite was required to accurately reproduce experimental brackets involving sudoite. This new model was tested by calculating representative P–T sections for metasediments at low temperatures (<400 °C), in particular sudoite and chlorite bearing metapelites from Crete. Comparison between the calculated mineral assemblages and field data shows that the new model is able to predict the coexistence of chlorite and sudoite at low metamorphic temperatures. The predicted lower limit of the chloritoid stability field is also in better agreement with petrological observations. For practical applications to metamorphic and hydrothermal environments, two new semi-empirical chlorite geothermometers named Chl(1) and Chl(2) were calibrated based on the chlorite + quartz + water equilibrium (2 clinochlore + 3 sudoite = 4 amesite + 4 H2O + 7 quartz). The Chl(1) thermometer requires knowledge of the (Fe3+/ΣFe) ratio in chlorite and predicts correct temperatures for a range of redox conditions. The Chl(2) geothermometer which assumes that all iron in chlorite is ferrous has been applied to partially recrystallized detrital chlorite from the Zone houillère in the French Western Alps.

Ms. Ff. Mus. 1452 - Weichet fort aus meiner Seele : Dom. XV. post Trinitatis ; pp. C. A. T. B., 2 corni da caccia, 2 violini, 2 viole, 2 oboe, violoncello e organo

di Telemann

Mus S 21/536 - Costumes aus der Oper "Der Baum der Diana" [L'arbore di Diana], für die EA Frankfurt 12.06.1788

1. Diana, 2. Endimion, 3. Amor, 4. Dorist, 5. Silvio, 6. Silvio als Priester, 7. Nymphe

Cronica generale d'Hispagna et del regno di Valenza...

Colofón

Role of Akt and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 2 in Apoptosis Induced by Interleukin-4 Deprivation

We have shown previously that interleukin-4 (IL-4) protects TS1αβ cells from apoptosis, but very little is known about the mechanism by which IL-4 exerts this effect. We found that Akt activity, which is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, is reduced in IL-4-deprived TS1αβ cells. Overexpression of wild-type Akt or a constitutively active Akt mutant protects cells from IL-4 deprivation-induced apoptosis. Readdition of IL-4 before the commitment point is able to restore Akt activity. We also show expression and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 activation after IL-4 deprivation. Overexpression of the constitutively activated Akt mutant in IL-4-deprived cells correlates with inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 activity. Finally, TS1αβ survival is independent of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, or Bax.

Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase from tomato

The putative catalytic domain (residues 81–401) of a predicted tomato protein with similarity to 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase of Escherichia coli was expressed in a recombinant E. coli strain. The protein was purified to homogeneity and was shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of the position 2 hydroxy group of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol at a rate of 33 μmol⋅mg−1⋅min−1. The structure of the reaction product, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphate, was established by NMR spectroscopy. Divalent metal ions, preferably Mg2+, are required for activity. Neither the tomato enzyme nor the E. coli ortholog catalyzes the phosphorylation of isopentenyl monophosphate.

Recovery of respiration following the SOS response of Escherichia coli requires RecA-mediated induction of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase.

Agents that damage DNA in Escherichia coli or interfere with its replication induce DNA repair and mutagenesis via the SOS response. This well-known activity is regulated by the RecA protein and the LexA repressor. Following repair or bypass of the DNA lesion, the cell returns to its resting state by a largely unknown process. We found that 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase (4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase; EC 4.1.3.16) is necessary for the recovery of respiration and that it is regulated by the SOS response. This protein was induced by DNA-damaging agents. Induction required RecA activation. When the LexA regulon was repressed, activation of RecA was not sufficient for induction, indicating the requirement for an additional protein under LexA control. Finally, a mutant in the corresponding hga gene was UV sensitive. 2-Keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase also plays a role in respiratory metabolic pathways, which suggests a mechanism for respiration resumption during the termination of the SOS response.

Interleukin 4 suppresses c-kit ligand-induced expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 and their roles in separate pathways of eicosanoid synthesis in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.

Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) developed with interleukin 3 (IL-3) can be stimulated by c-kit ligand (KL) and accessory cytokines over a period of hours for direct delayed prostaglandin (PG) generation or over a period of days to prime for augmented IgE-dependent PG and leukotriene (LT) production, as previously reported. We now report that IL-4 is counterregulatory for each of these distinct KL-dependent responses. BMMCs cultured for 4 days with KL + IL-3 or with KL + IL-10 produced 5- to 7-fold more PGD2 and approximately 2-fold more LTC4 in response to IgE-dependent activation than BMMCs maintained in IL-3 alone. IL-4 inhibited the priming for increased IgE-dependent PGD2 and LTC4 production to the level obtained by activation of BMMCs maintained in IL-3 alone with an IC50 of approximately 0.2 ng/ml. IL-4 inhibited the KL-induced increase in expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) but had no effect on the incremental expression of PG endoperoxide synthase 1 (PGHS-1) and hematopoietic PGD2 synthase or on the continued baseline expression of 5-lipoxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, and LTC4 synthase. BMMCs stimulated by KL + IL-10 for 10 h exhibited a delayed phase of PGD2 generation, which was dependent on de novo induction of PGHS-2. IL-4 inhibited the induction of PGHS-2 expression and the accompanying cytokine-initiated delayed PGD2 generation with an IC50 of approximately 6 ng/ml. IL-4 had no effect on the expression of PGHS-2 and the production of PGD2 elicited by addition of IL-1 beta to the combination of KL + IL-10. IL-4 had no effect on the immediate phase of eicosanoid synthesis elicited by KL alone or by IgE and antigen in BMMCs maintained in IL-3. Thus, the counterregulatory action of IL-4 on eicosanoid generation is highly selective for the induced incremental expression of cPLA2 and the de novo expression of PGHS-2, thereby attenuating time-dependent cytokine-regulated responses to stimulation via Fc epsilon receptor I and stimulation via c-kit, respectively.