Distribuição de raios, precipitação e casos de tempestades severas na Amazônia Oriental

O objetivo deste é analisar a relação entre raios e precipitação, sobre diferentes tipos de superfície terrestre e através de estudos de caso de tempestades severas, durante o período de dezembro de 2006 à dezembro de 2008. Os estudos foram feitos dentro de uma área definida pelas coordenadas geográficas 0° a 6° S e 50° a 47° W, abrangendo partes dos estados do Pará, Maranhão e extremo norte de Tocantins.Essa região de estudo foi escolhida por estar localizada em uma área central em relação à localização dos sensores da rede de detecção de raios do Sistema de Proteção Amazônia (RDR-SIPAM) e que contém a maior parte das linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica da região. Os dados de chuva foram coletados por 46 pluviômetros digitais das estações meteorológicas do INMET e HIDROWEB- ANA. Nas análises dos dias de tempestades severas, também foram utilizados dados de pluviômetro de alta resolução temporal operado pela CPRM em Belém. Para classificação dos tipos de superfície e em particular da cobertura vegetal, foram utilizadas as informações de banco de dados sobre Recursos Naturais do IBGE. Para um melhor detalhamento sobre a relação entre raios, precipitação e tipos de superfície, a área de estudo foi dividida em três sub-áreas que possuem características fisiográficas distintas. A Área 1 inclui a Ilha do Marajó e a grande massa d'água da foz do Rio Amazonas e oceano Atlântico próximo. A Área 2 possui 60% de cobertura por floresta. A Área 3 tem 62% de cobertura por áreas agrícolas e/ou pastagens. Os sistemas meteorológicos de larga escala produtores de chuva e raios foram analisados tanto para as 3 áreas consideradas, como nos casos de tempestades severas em torno de Belém. Nessas tempestades foi observado, em quase todos os casos, que os raios antecedem as chuvas. Em geral ficou evidenciada a influencia sazonal na densidade de ocorrência de raios sobre os diferentes tipos de superfície. Todavia, esse trabalho também mostrou que as condições meteorológicas determinam mais amplamente as magnitudes dessa variável. Isso pode ser observado com bastante clareza nos estudos de casos de tempestades severas, onde a ZCIT e as LI`s são fatores determinantes da precipitação e conseqüentemente dos raios ocorridos em Belém.

Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de otimização para avaliar a expansão da transmissão de energia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cinética de degradação do sistema resina epóxi/fibra de carbono

With the increasing demand for electricity, the retraining of transmission lines is necessary despite environmental restrictions and crossings in densely populated areas to build new transmission and distribution lines. Solution is reuse the existent cables, replacing the old conductor cables for new cables with higher capacity power transmission, and control of sag installed. The increasing demand for electrical power has increased the electric current on the wires and therefore, it must bear out temperatures of 150°C or more, without the risk of the increasing sag beyond the established limits. In the case of long crossings or densely populated areas, sag is due to high weight of the cable on clearance. The cable type determines the weight, sag, height and the towers dimensions, which are the items that most influence the investment of the transmission line. Hence, to reduce both cost of investment and maintenance of the line, the use of a lighter cable can reduce both number and the height of the towers, with financial return on short and long term. Therefore, in order to increase the amount of transmitted energy and reduce the number of built towers and sag, is recommended in the current work substitute the current core material (steel or aluminium) for alternatives alloys or new materials, in this case a composite, which has low density, elevated stiffness (elasticity module), thus apply the pultruded carbon fiber with epoxy resin as matrix systems and perform the study of the kinetics of degradation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), according to their respective standards

Estudo da variação do limite de resistência à tração ao longo da bobina de vergalhão de alumínio 1350 AA

Therebar of aluminum 1350 AA produced by CBA are used inthe manufacture of wires and cables for electric power transmission, which marketshows increasingly favorableto aluminum due to itslow densityand high electrical conductivity, but to ensure that this materialmeets all specifications of projectsfor electricity transmission, it must have homogeneity in the chemicaland mechanicalproperties.One of the points of improvement in the process of rod production isreducing the high variation of the limitof tensile strengthalong the coils, therefore, this work seeks a better understanding of the factors that significantly influence the mechanical properties of rebar, specifically assessing the influence oftemperatureat the output of the coils, which can cause a recovery effect on the material andif thereare relevantdifferences between the two modes of rebar production: auto and manual.Samples of six coils have been specifically produced forthis study, which weresubsequently subjected to different annealing temperatures for one hour and ten minutes, similar to what occurs in the output of the coil from the machine. The tensile tests showed that aluminum 1350 AA is significantly influenced by temperature, whose behavior was very similar to that presented in the literature. It was found that the phenomenon of recovery occurred more significantly at high temperatures. Through the optical electron microscope Zeiss, 18 surface maps were made with 100x magnification for each sample in different conditions and the images were analyzed using entropy and fractal dimension, aiming to relate the condition of surface hardening on mechanical property of the samples in that condition. The results showed that these methods can be applied, provided they do not have any kind of imperfection on the surface, once they can influence the results. The study concluded that a more efficient cooling is required in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Proposta de um dispositivo para ajuste automático da altura de uma cama hospitalar

This paper proposes a mechanical device to adapt a simple model of hospital bed used in the Emergency Department at Santa Casa of Guaratinguetá, allowing the bed’s height adjustment with electromechanical drive. This adaptation aims to introduce improvements in the routine work of nurses and reduce ergonomic problems stemming from repetitive strain during the transfer of patients to stretchers and wheelchairs, as well as providing more comfort to the bedridden patient. The device is mainly composed of: an electric induction motor used to drive the engine, a steel spindle with square thread, which allows axial displacement of the bed, a transmission system with pulleys and belt, which transmits power supplied by the motor to the spindle. The mechanism allows the height of the bed is regulated between 400 and 800 mm. The estimated implementation cost of this proposal is lower than the acquisition cost of a commercial hospital bed with the same features, which confirms the feasibility of the proposed solution

Transmissão indutiva de energia eletromagnética sem fios, para aplicações em postos de abastecimento de veículos elétricos puros: modelação para o elemento eletromagnético

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Alocação ótima de equipamentos SVC e TCSC na rede de transmissão de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Melhoria nas forças restaurativas do equilíbrio do gerador de indução duplamente alimentado por meio de controle da tensão interna

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Análise de desempenho de redes de comunicação wireless em aplicações de Smart Grid

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Aplicação das normas para adequação de subestação

The first approach in this work is the concept of the electric power transmission and distribution system, as well as the survey of the current condition of substations chosen to thus identify the importance of having a suitable design with respect to security due to the need to obtain the approval for the operation of the substation according to the standards valid in the country. Present the guidelines and present needs when designing improvements, thus ensuring the company for more safety and reliability. From the company's point of view is an opportunity to reduce the cost of maintenance, and the professional point of view is an opportunity that allows a comprehensive study of legal requirements for the operation of substations

Aplicação das normas para adequação de subestação

The first approach in this work is the concept of the electric power transmission and distribution system, as well as the survey of the current condition of substations chosen to thus identify the importance of having a suitable design with respect to security due to the need to obtain the approval for the operation of the substation according to the standards valid in the country. Present the guidelines and present needs when designing improvements, thus ensuring the company for more safety and reliability. From the company's point of view is an opportunity to reduce the cost of maintenance, and the professional point of view is an opportunity that allows a comprehensive study of legal requirements for the operation of substations

The Brazilian Experience With the Use of the Shield Wire Line Technology (SWL) for Energy Distribution

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the lightning overvoltages on the operational performance of the energized shield wire line technology (SWL) implemented in two locations of the State of Rondonia, Brazil. The analysis covers the periods of 1996 to 2000 (SWL Jaru) and 1997 to 2002 (SWL Itapua do Oeste), and shows that lightning is responsible for most of the system outages. The paper describes the satisfactory results achieved with the system, showing that the isolation and energization of the shield wires does not deteriorate the lightning performance of the 230 kV transmission lines. Comparisons between the performances of the SWL technology, conventional 34.5 kV lines, and thermal power plants in operation in the same region are also presented. The results demonstrate the technical and economical viability of the SWL technology and show that its application can lead to a postponement of investments.

Graphene modification with gold nanoparticles using the gas aggregation technique

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were deposited on single layer graphene (SLG) and few layers graphene (FLG) by applying the gas aggregation technique, previously adapted to a 4-gun commercial magnetron sputtering system. The samples were supported on SiO2 (280 nm)/Si substrates, and the influence of the applied DC power and deposition times on the nanoparticle-graphene system was investigated by Confocal Raman Microscopy. Analysis of the G and 2D bands of the Raman spectra shows that the integrated intensity ratio (I-2D/I-G) was higher for SLG than for FLG. For the samples produced using a sputtering power of 30W, the intensity (peak height) of the G and 2D bands increased with the deposition time, whereas for those produced applying 60W the peak heights of the G and 2D bands decreased with the deposition time. This behaviour was ascribed to the formation of larger Au-NPs aggregates in the last case. A significant increase of the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of the G band for SLG and FLG was also observed as a function of the DC power and deposition time. Surprisingly, the fine details of the Raman spectra revealed an unintentional doping of SLG and FLG accompanying the increase of size and aggregation of the Au-NPs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

BRAZILIAN MOSQUITO (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) FAUNA. I. Anopheles SPECIES FROM PORTO VELHO, RONDONIA STATE, WESTERN AMAZON, BRAZIL

This study contributes to knowledge of Anopheles species, including vectors of Plasmodium from the western Brazilian Amazon in Porto Velho, Rondonia State. The sampling area has undergone substantial environmental changes as a consequence of agricultural and hydroelectric projects, which have caused intensive deforestation and favored habitats for some mosquito species. The purpose of this study was to diagnose the occurrence of anopheline species from collections in three locations along an electric-power transmission line. Each locality was sampled three times from 2010 to 2011. The principal adult mosquitoes captured in Shannon trap were Anopheles darlingi, An. triannulatus, An. nuneztovari l.s., An. gilesi and An. costai. In addition, larvae were collected in ground breeding sites for Anopheles braziliensis, An. triannulatus, An. darlingi, An. deaneorum, An. marajoara, An. peryassui, An. nuneztovari l.s. and An. oswaldoi-konderi. Anopheles darlingi was the most common mosquito in the region. We discuss Culicidae systematics, fauna distribution, and aspects of malaria in altered habitats of the western Amazon.

Brazilian mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna: I. Anopheles species from Porto Velho, Rondônia state, western Amazon, Brazil

This study contributes to knowledge of Anopheles species, including vectors of Plasmodium from the western Brazilian Amazon in Porto Velho, Rondônia State. The sampling area has undergone substantial environmental changes as a consequence of agricultural and hydroelectric projects, which have caused intensive deforestation and favored habitats for some mosquito species. The purpose of this study was to diagnose the occurrence of anopheline species from collections in three locations along an electric-power transmission line. Each locality was sampled three times from 2010 to 2011. The principal adult mosquitoes captured in Shannon trap were Anopheles darlingi, An. triannulatus, An. nuneztovari l.s., An.gilesi and An. costai. In addition, larvae were collected in ground breeding sites for Anopheles braziliensis, An. triannulatus, An. darlingi, An. deaneorum, An. marajoara, An. peryassui, An. nuneztovari l.s. and An. oswaldoi-konderi. Anopheles darlingi was the most common mosquito in the region. We discuss Culicidae systematics, fauna distribution, and aspects of malaria in altered habitats of the western Amazon.