A RELAÇÃO ENTRE RELIGIÃO E SAÚDE NO DISCURSO DE ELLEN G. WHITE (1827-1915)

O objetivo principal da pesquisa encetada foi o de ressaltar a importância do discurso de Ellen White, uma importante líder religiosa do século XIX, nos Estados Unidos da América, para a formação de um estilo e prática de vida, que ainda hoje caracteriza os adventistas do sétimo dia no que se refere a saúde. Outro, não menos importante objetivo, foi o de comparar os principais conceitos de Ellen White sobre saúde e estilo de vida com algumas preocupações científicas e acadêmicas contemporâneas. Para isso, este trabalho mostra como a lista de oito remédios naturais propostos por White sumarizam o ideal de uma vida saudável ainda praticada por milhões de adventistas, 100 anos após a morte de sua Profetiza: ar puro, água, alimentação adequada, luz solar, exercícios físicos, repouso, abstinência, e confiança em Deus. Os conselhos de White foram contrastados com várias práticas culturais que relacionam religião e saúde, levando-nos à conclusão que a cultura adventista tem se mostrado como a mais adequada na salvaguarda da saúde. Isto porque White apresentou uma síntese de elementos da cultura judaica, cristã e ocidental. Nesse sentido, as suas orientações garantem-lhe um lugar privilegiado no movimento de reforma da saúde nos Estados Unidos que ocorreu naquele País na segunda metade do século XIX. Muitos de seus conselhos estão sendo atualmente colocados em prática por todos aqueles que se preocupam com a saúde, longevidade, e a adequação do estilo de vida com as regras inspiradas na natureza e numa espiritualidade sadia.

NARRATIVAS AUDIOVISUAIS NO PIAUI: Cultura e Sociedade na Linguagem do Cinema Universidade Metodista de São Paulo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social São Bernardo

O trabalho propõe uma investigação sobre a produção audiovisual piauiense, buscando entender como são negociadas as questões culturais e as especificidades das narrativas apresentadas no desenvolvimento histórico da cultura visual piauiense. Analisa-se, assim, as questões discursivas, imagéticas e tecnológicas que abordam aquela realidade cultural influenciada pelas vanguardas cinematográficas brasileiras, no caso o cinema novo e o cinema marginal. A pesquisa tem como corpus as produções superoitistas feitas a partir de 1972 até meados 1985, quando se encerra um segundo ciclo cinematográfico. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, emprega pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com apoio em entrevistas e análise de documentos da época para o estudo das narrativas apresentadas pelas produções audiovisuais. Leva-se em consideração a influência das questões social, política, tecnológica e econômica do Piauí na construção desses filmes. Conclui-se que as práticas culturais e os recursos tecnológicos constituem uma cultura visual que representa as angústias e críticas locais e traduzem a tipificação do sujeito no Piauí.

Estratégias de Comunicação e Ativismo Feminino na Esfera Pública Midiática: Estudo sobre a participação de jovens negras no hip-hop, a construção de identidades e sua presença na internet.

Estudo sobre as experiências vividas por mulheres negras que participam do movimento cultural hip-hop. Em particular, buscou-se discutir sobre a organização dos arranjos interativos e as relações de pertencimento, presença e empoderamento, tendo como elo a produção musical e as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs).Desvendar as implicações que as TICs têm com as práticas culturais juvenis contemporâneas de periferia, que funcionam como referência no combate às desigualdades de gênero e do racismo. Investigar as conexões entre as interações sociais, a cultura e ação política na esfera pública. A experiência de identidade, gênero e participação no universo on-line foi construída a partir de leituras sobre as políticas identitárias, teorias feministas e das interações sociais proporcionadas pelas TICs. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de formulários, observação a partir da participação em eventos, além de estudo de sites dos grupos estudados e participação nas redes sociais. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que há o fortalecimento das ações e de ícones na disseminação da cultura hip-hop e que a proposição sobre o ativismo político e social das jovens envolvidas no hip-hop.

Estratégias de Comunicação e Ativismo Feminino na Esfera Pública Midiática: Estudo sobre a participação de jovens negras no hip-hop, a construção de identidades e sua presença na internet

Estudo sobre as experiências vividas por mulheres negras que participam do movimento cultural hip-hop. Em particular, buscou-se discutir sobre a organização dos arranjos interativos e as relações de pertencimento, presença e empoderamento, tendo como elo a produção musical e as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs).Desvendar as implicações que as TICs têm com as práticas culturais juvenis contemporâneas de periferia, que funcionam como referência no combate às desigualdades de gênero e do racismo. Investigar as conexões entre as interações sociais, a cultura e ação política na esfera pública. A experiência de identidade, gênero e participação no universo on-line foi construída a partir de leituras sobre as políticas identitárias, teorias feministas e das interações sociais proporcionadas pelas TICs. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de formulários, observação a partir da participação em eventos, além de estudo de sites dos grupos estudados e participação nas redes sociais. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que há o fortalecimento das ações e de ícones na disseminação da cultura hip-hop e que a proposição sobre o ativismo político e social das jovens envolvidas no hip-hop.

Exploring civil servant resistance to M-government:a story of transition and opportunities in Turkey

The concept of mobility, related to technology in particular, has evolved dramatically over the last two decades including: (i) hardware ranging from walkmans to Ipods, laptops to netbooks, PDAs to 3G mobile phone; (ii) software supporting multiple audio and video formats driven by ubiquitous mobile wireless access, WiMax, automations such as radio frequency ID tracking and location aware services. Against the background of increasing budget deficit, along with the imperative for efficiency gains, leveraging ICT and mobility promises for work related tasks, in a public administration context, in emerging markets, point to multiple possible paths. M-government transition involve both technological changes and adoption to deliver government services differently (e.g. 24/7, error free, anywhere to the same standards) but also the design of digital strategies including possibly competing m-government models, the re-shaping of cultural practices, the creation of m-policies and legislations, the structuring of m-services architecture, and progress regarding m-governance. While many emerging countries are already offering e-government services and are gearing-up for further m-government activities, little is actually known about the resistance that is encountered, as a reflection of civil servants' current standing, before any further macro-strategies are deployed. Drawing on the resistance and mobility literature, this chapter investigates how civil servants' behaviors, in an emerging country technological environment, through their everyday practice, react and resist the influence of m-government transition. The findings points to four main type of resistance namely: i) functional resistance; ii) ideological resistance; iii) market driven resistance and iv) geographical resistance. Policy implication are discussed in the specific context of emerging markets. © 2011, IGI Global.

Post-vernacular language use in a Low German linguistic community

In a time of rapid shift and loss of smaller, regional and minority languages it becomes apparent that many of them continue to play a role as post-vernacular varieties. As Shandler (2006) points out for Yiddish in the United States, some languages serve the purpose of identity-building within a community even after they have ceased to be used as a vernacular for daily communication. This occurs according to Shandler through a number of cultural practices, such as amateur theatre, music and folklore, translation, attempts to learn the language in evening classes, etc. This paper will demonstrate that the paradigm developed by Shandler for Yiddish can be applied to other linguistic communities, by comparing the post-vernacular use of Yiddish with Low German in Northern Germany. It will focus on the linguistic strategies that individuals or groups of speakers apply in order to participate in a post-vernacular language community.

An exploration of female leadership language:case studies of senior women in Bahrain

This is a multiple case study of the leadership language of three senior women working in a large corporation in Bahrain. The study’s main aim is to explore the linguistic practices the women leaders use with their colleagues and subordinates in corporate meetings. Adopting a Foucauldian (1972) notion of ‘discourses’ as social practices and a view of gender as socially constructed and discursively performed (Butler 1990), this research aims to unveil the competing discourses which may shape the leadership language of senior women in their communities of practice. The research is situated within the broader field of Sociolinguistics and the specific field of Language and Gender. To address the research aim, a case study approach incorporating multiple methods of qualitative data collection (observation, interviews, and shadowing) was utilised to gather information about the three women leaders and produce a rich description of their use of language in and out of meeting contexts. For analysis, principles of Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) were used to organise and sort the large amount of data. Also, Feminist Post- Structuralist Discourse Analysis (FPDA) was adopted to produce a multi-faceted analysis of the subjects, their language leadership, power relations, and competing discourses in the context. It was found that the three senior women enact leadership differently making variable use of a repertoire of conventionally masculine and feminine linguistic practices. However, they all appear to have limited language resources and even more limiting subject positions; and they all have to exercise considerable linguistic expertise to police and modify their language in order to avoid the ‘double bind’. Yet, the extent of this limitation and constraints depends on the community of practice with its prevailing discourses, which appear to have their roots in Islamic and cultural practices as well as some Western influences acquired throughout the company’s history. It is concluded that it may be particularly challenging for Middle Eastern women to achieve any degree of equality with men in the workplace because discourses of Gender difference lie at the core of Islamic teaching and ideology.

Life pathways of Haitian-American young adults in South Florida

This research examines the life pathways of 1.5 and second generation Haitian immigrants in South Florida. The purpose of the research is to better understand how integration occurs for the children of Haitian immigrants as they transition from adolescence to adulthood. Building upon a prior study of second-generation immigrant adolescents between 1995 and 2000, a sub-set of the original participants was located to participate in this follow-up research. Qualitative interviews were conducted as well as in-depth ethnographic research, including participant observation. Survey instruments used with other second-generation populations were also administered, enabling comparisons with the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS). The results indicate that educational and occupational achievements were markedly below the participants’ original expectations as adolescents. Gender figures prominently in participants’ familial roles and relationships, with men and women distinctly incorporating both Haitian and American cultural practices within their households. Contrary to previous research, these results on the identification of participants suggest that these young adults claim attachment to both Haiti and to the United States. The unique longitudinal and ethnographic nature of this study contributes to the ongoing discussion of the integration of the children of immigrants by demonstrating significant variation from the prior integration trends observed with Haitian adolescents. The results cast doubt on existing theory on the children of immigrants for explaining the trajectory of Haitian-American integration patterns. Specifically, this research indicates that Haitians are not downwardly mobile and integrating as African Americans. They have higher education and economic standing than their parents and are continuing their education well into their thirties. The respondents have multiple identities in which they increasingly express identification with Haiti, but in some contexts are also developing racialized identifications with African Americans and others of the African diaspora.

The Mistranslation of the ABCs: An American AIDS Education Campaign in Botswana

The majority of Botswana citizens have access to national HIV/AIDS education, but the messages ignore native cultural practices. The purpose of this paper is to critique the influence of American humanism and individualism on the ABC model of HIV/AIDS prevention used to stem the AIDS epidemic in Botswana.

Water for the Wayuu: Procurement and maximization of a limited resource among indigenous pastoralists on the Guajira Peninsula of northern Colombia

For the Wayuu of the Guajira Peninsula of northern Colombia, water procurement has historically been challenging. The ancestral territory of this indigenous pastoral society is windy and arid, with low rainfall, high temperatures and an absence of perennial rivers or streams. In the past, the Wayuu adapted to these environmental conditions by practicing transhumance during the prolonged dry seasons, digging spring wells and artificial ponds and by following guiding principles for water usage. Since the 1930s, the government has made efforts to build additional wind-powered wells and ponds for a growing native population. Notwithstanding, these water solutions have only partly met the necessities; public water sources are limited or unreliable and few attempts are made to generate safe drinking water. Furthermore, the ubiquitous practice of animal husbandry places added pressure on existing sources; livestock consume more water than the human populations in the areas visited. Rapid assessments in four Wayuu areas on the peninsula were conducted by the author and an interdisciplinary team working for the Cerrejón Foundation for Water in La Guajira from 2010 to 2013. The assessments were part of a larger pilot project to design and implement a sustainability plan for reservoir-based water supply systems in the region. This study brings cultural practices and local knowledge to the forefront as key elements for the success of water works and other development projects carried out in Wayuu territory.

Imaginários da morte: poética das imagens em cemitérios brasileiros

The thesis presented is committed to a poetic reading that results in the creation of meaning and images of the death from the various cultural practices and symbolic representations exposed in urban cemeteries in some Brazilian cities, aiming to give visibility to new understandings about the imaginary of the in the contemporary scene. Death, therefore, will be seen as a imagining condition of anthroposwhen starts itself from the prerogative of the human consciousness of death (MORIN, 1970), in other words, this awareness that man has he will die and that triggers reflections about their existence allows the emergence of a number of practices such as: mourning, funeral rituals and the creation of several impregnated representations of human emotions emerged from the death facing the man and present, in a more evident form in cemeterial spaces. For this, it focuses on the conflictuous dimension that man establishes with death, because the cultural practices and symbolic representations observed in the research field are the result of this conflict and allow the expansion of the senses about this issue, to the extent that these are coated with a fantastic aura, mystical, secret, spooky, fearful, religious, building a complex imagination. The general plan of this study is to discuss and create, from a phenomenology of imagination and materials / dynamics imagination, as well as along the lines treated by Gaston Bachelard, images of death, from a field experience in cemeteries in Brazil. For this, it is assumed, to observe the cultural practices and symbolic representations in these spaces, a posture able to make the experience into the search field a moment of symbolic exchanges and creation. Thus, it was used observation, conversations with visitors and employees of the cemeteries and the capture of photographic records. The data produced as a fragment of a conversation, a tearful outburst about the loss of a relative, a melancholic epitaph, a flower on the grave or a cry captured by photography were seen as detonators of meanings and a poetic of the imagination.

Imaginários da morte: poética das imagens em cemitérios brasileiros

The thesis presented is committed to a poetic reading that results in the creation of meaning and images of the death from the various cultural practices and symbolic representations exposed in urban cemeteries in some Brazilian cities, aiming to give visibility to new understandings about the imaginary of the in the contemporary scene. Death, therefore, will be seen as a imagining condition of anthroposwhen starts itself from the prerogative of the human consciousness of death (MORIN, 1970), in other words, this awareness that man has he will die and that triggers reflections about their existence allows the emergence of a number of practices such as: mourning, funeral rituals and the creation of several impregnated representations of human emotions emerged from the death facing the man and present, in a more evident form in cemeterial spaces. For this, it focuses on the conflictuous dimension that man establishes with death, because the cultural practices and symbolic representations observed in the research field are the result of this conflict and allow the expansion of the senses about this issue, to the extent that these are coated with a fantastic aura, mystical, secret, spooky, fearful, religious, building a complex imagination. The general plan of this study is to discuss and create, from a phenomenology of imagination and materials / dynamics imagination, as well as along the lines treated by Gaston Bachelard, images of death, from a field experience in cemeteries in Brazil. For this, it is assumed, to observe the cultural practices and symbolic representations in these spaces, a posture able to make the experience into the search field a moment of symbolic exchanges and creation. Thus, it was used observation, conversations with visitors and employees of the cemeteries and the capture of photographic records. The data produced as a fragment of a conversation, a tearful outburst about the loss of a relative, a melancholic epitaph, a flower on the grave or a cry captured by photography were seen as detonators of meanings and a poetic of the imagination.

Le développement du public jeune universitaire pour la musique classique à Montréal

Des recherches au Québec (Garon, 2009), en France (Donnat, 2011) et aux États-Unis (Kolb, 2001) confirment un état de fait général: le vieillissement du public de la musique classique. Si le public du répertoire est reconnu pour posséder un haut niveau d’études, pourquoi les étudiants universitaires de nos jours ne sont-ils pas plus présents dans les salles de concert ? Cette étude explore cette problématique d’abord par une recherche historique et par des entrevues auprès de certains des organismes de musique classique à Montréal, et ce afin de comprendre leurs stratégies de développement des publics concernés de 2004 à 2014. Ensuite, par un sondage auprès de 555 étudiants universitaires de la ville, pour faire un portrait de leur relation avec la musique à l’heure actuelle. Notre analyse, appuyée par une bibliographie en sociomusicologie et en sociologie des pratiques culturelles, confirme des tendances comme celle de l’«omnivorisme culturel» et l’éclectisme musical des jeunes universitaires. Elle nous montre aussi une réception positive des œuvres classiques, quoiqu’incompatible avec les critères esthétiques des genres musicaux favoris. À partir de ce paradoxe, nous étudions la force des motivations extramusicales qui les amènent aux concerts, leurs formats préférés, l’impact de l’éducation musicale, l’influence des parents, de l’internet, des nouvelles technologies. Finalement, nous constatons le nombre peu élevé d’initiatives des organismes musicaux dans le milieu universitaire à Montréal qui, pourtant, se montre un bassin au grand potentiel pour le renouvellement des publics de la musique classique.

Les pratiques culturelles des excisions et des infibulations à Bamako au Mali : la contribution de la dignité humaine au respect de l’intégrité physique des femmes

Une des questions les plus débattues dans le domaine de l’éthique en ce XXIème siècle entre l’Afrique et le monde occidental concerne le respect de l’intégrité physique des femmes. Parmi les actions humaines qui touchent le plus l’intégrité corporelle, les excisions et les infibulations sont les plus dénoncées en Afrique. Longtemps considérées comme des rites d’initiation pubertaire des filles, ces pratiques sont maintenant considérées comme néfastes à la santé, et communément désignées par la communauté internationale de « mutilations sexuelles féminines ». Au cours des dernières décennies, ces pratiques ont été progressivement interdites légalement tant dans la plupart des pays d’Afrique que dans les pays occidentaux. Le Comité Inter-Africain (CIAF) contre les mutilations sexuelles demande la « tolérance zéro » par rapport à ces pratiques. La communauté internationale les combat avec des armes juridiques, en se référant aux conséquences médicales et aux droits de l’homme. Notre thèse est née d’une interrogation sur les raisons pour lesquelles ces rites se poursuivent encore en Afrique et plus spécialement au Mali, alors que dans les pays occidentaux, on élève fortement la voix pour les dénoncer comme sévices infligés aux femmes. Sur le plan international, on hésite à imposer des valeurs universelles à un phénomène perçu dans une large mesure comme une tradition conforme aux normes sociales des communautés qui les maintiennent. Afin de mieux cerner le sujet, notre questionnement a été le suivant : « Comment les pratiques culturelles des excisions et des infibulations, dans la ville de Bamako au Mali, interpellent-elles l’éthique : en quoi l’analyse de ces rites constitue-t-elle un domaine légitime d’application des principes de la bioéthique ? » Notre réflexion part du postulat que la dignité humaine est une norme à l’aune de laquelle se mesurent les défis éthiques liés à ces rites. Un proverbe Bambara dit ceci : « Une seule main ne lave pas proprement un éléphant ». La logique de cette sagesse met en évidence qu’une seule approche disciplinaire ne saurait faire ressortir les enjeux éthiques de ces pratiques. Notre analyse bioéthique se veut une démarche interdisciplinaire, qui permet d’articuler les approches philosophiques, anthropologiques, sociologiques et biomédicales de ces pratiques. Le premier chapitre, à travers la revue des écrits, présente la problématique de ces rites. Le deuxième chapitre présente le cadre théorique basé sur la notion de dignité humaine et délimite « ses contours, ses sources, ses formes et ses conséquences » afin de la rendre plus efficace et opérationnelle comme moyen de protection de l’être humain. Le troisième chapitre présente la méthodologie de la recherche basée sur la méthode qualitative et l’induction analytique et décrit le contexte de l’étude. Le quatrième chapitre présente les résultats de la recherche qui font ressortir que ces pratiques se résument essentiellement au contrôle du désir sexuel féminin. Ces pratiques sont par ailleurs déritualisées, touchent de plus en plus des enfants, comportent des risques et des conséquences sur la santé avec des coûts humains et financiers pour la société. Le cinquième chapitre analyse ces pratiques avec les principes éthiques qui démontrent qu’elles constituent un problème de santé publique malgré leur caractère culturel. Enfin, le sixième chapitre présente la portée et la limite de la thèse. Celle-ci montre qu’il est possible de mener un débat sur les excisions et les infibulations à travers une éthique de discussion. Elle offre un moyen pour y parvenir avec une vision de la notion de dignité humaine comme une « valeur éthique universelle » susceptible d’être utilisée dans toutes les actions impliquant l’être humain et dans tous les contextes socio-culturels. Notre démarche élargit ainsi le champ d’application des principes bioéthiques à des pratiques non-médicales. Par cette thèse, nous souhaitons contribuer à enrichir la réflexion éthique sur les excisions et les infibulations et inspirer les politiques de santé publique dans le respect des diversités culturelles. Nous espérons pouvoir inspirer aussi d’autres recherches en vue de rapprocher la bioéthique des pratiques culturelles traditionnelles afin de trouver des compromis raisonnables qui pourraient renforcer le rôle de protection de la dignité humaine.

Les pratiques culturelles des excisions et des infibulations à Bamako au Mali : la contribution de la dignité humaine au respect de l’intégrité physique des femmes

Une des questions les plus débattues dans le domaine de l’éthique en ce XXIème siècle entre l’Afrique et le monde occidental concerne le respect de l’intégrité physique des femmes. Parmi les actions humaines qui touchent le plus l’intégrité corporelle, les excisions et les infibulations sont les plus dénoncées en Afrique. Longtemps considérées comme des rites d’initiation pubertaire des filles, ces pratiques sont maintenant considérées comme néfastes à la santé, et communément désignées par la communauté internationale de « mutilations sexuelles féminines ». Au cours des dernières décennies, ces pratiques ont été progressivement interdites légalement tant dans la plupart des pays d’Afrique que dans les pays occidentaux. Le Comité Inter-Africain (CIAF) contre les mutilations sexuelles demande la « tolérance zéro » par rapport à ces pratiques. La communauté internationale les combat avec des armes juridiques, en se référant aux conséquences médicales et aux droits de l’homme. Notre thèse est née d’une interrogation sur les raisons pour lesquelles ces rites se poursuivent encore en Afrique et plus spécialement au Mali, alors que dans les pays occidentaux, on élève fortement la voix pour les dénoncer comme sévices infligés aux femmes. Sur le plan international, on hésite à imposer des valeurs universelles à un phénomène perçu dans une large mesure comme une tradition conforme aux normes sociales des communautés qui les maintiennent. Afin de mieux cerner le sujet, notre questionnement a été le suivant : « Comment les pratiques culturelles des excisions et des infibulations, dans la ville de Bamako au Mali, interpellent-elles l’éthique : en quoi l’analyse de ces rites constitue-t-elle un domaine légitime d’application des principes de la bioéthique ? » Notre réflexion part du postulat que la dignité humaine est une norme à l’aune de laquelle se mesurent les défis éthiques liés à ces rites. Un proverbe Bambara dit ceci : « Une seule main ne lave pas proprement un éléphant ». La logique de cette sagesse met en évidence qu’une seule approche disciplinaire ne saurait faire ressortir les enjeux éthiques de ces pratiques. Notre analyse bioéthique se veut une démarche interdisciplinaire, qui permet d’articuler les approches philosophiques, anthropologiques, sociologiques et biomédicales de ces pratiques. Le premier chapitre, à travers la revue des écrits, présente la problématique de ces rites. Le deuxième chapitre présente le cadre théorique basé sur la notion de dignité humaine et délimite « ses contours, ses sources, ses formes et ses conséquences » afin de la rendre plus efficace et opérationnelle comme moyen de protection de l’être humain. Le troisième chapitre présente la méthodologie de la recherche basée sur la méthode qualitative et l’induction analytique et décrit le contexte de l’étude. Le quatrième chapitre présente les résultats de la recherche qui font ressortir que ces pratiques se résument essentiellement au contrôle du désir sexuel féminin. Ces pratiques sont par ailleurs déritualisées, touchent de plus en plus des enfants, comportent des risques et des conséquences sur la santé avec des coûts humains et financiers pour la société. Le cinquième chapitre analyse ces pratiques avec les principes éthiques qui démontrent qu’elles constituent un problème de santé publique malgré leur caractère culturel. Enfin, le sixième chapitre présente la portée et la limite de la thèse. Celle-ci montre qu’il est possible de mener un débat sur les excisions et les infibulations à travers une éthique de discussion. Elle offre un moyen pour y parvenir avec une vision de la notion de dignité humaine comme une « valeur éthique universelle » susceptible d’être utilisée dans toutes les actions impliquant l’être humain et dans tous les contextes socio-culturels. Notre démarche élargit ainsi le champ d’application des principes bioéthiques à des pratiques non-médicales. Par cette thèse, nous souhaitons contribuer à enrichir la réflexion éthique sur les excisions et les infibulations et inspirer les politiques de santé publique dans le respect des diversités culturelles. Nous espérons pouvoir inspirer aussi d’autres recherches en vue de rapprocher la bioéthique des pratiques culturelles traditionnelles afin de trouver des compromis raisonnables qui pourraient renforcer le rôle de protection de la dignité humaine.