388 resultados para COFFEA-ARABICA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Considering the worldwide consumption of coffee, it is natural that throughout the history many people have dedicated the research to markers that contribute somehow on gauging its quality. This research aimed to evaluate the biochemical performance of arabica coffee during storage. Coffee in beans (natural) and in parchment (pulped) dried in concrete terrace and in dryer with heated air were packed in jute bags and stored in not controlled environmental conditions. Enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, esterase and lipoxygenase in coffee grains were evaluated at zero, three, six, nine and twelve months by means of electrophoresis. Independently of the drying method, the activity of isoenzymatic complexes highlighted deteriorative processes in stored grains of coffee. The treatments 60/40º C and 60º C used to reduce the water content imposed a greater stress condition, accelerated metabolism of natural coffee in the storage with decreased activity of defense mechanisms due to latent damage in these grains. Natural coffees are more sensible to high drying temperatures and its quality reduces faster than pulped coffee in the storage.
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Arborization can benefit coffee plantations by reducing the wind speed and temperature variation in the crop. It is also possible that the incident radiation can affect the weed populations and reduce the need for their control. This study aimed at assessing the weeds population and distribution, in arabica coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars, six years after planting, in Dois Córregos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of a 3x3+1 factorial scheme, i.e., coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars (HAES 816, IAC 4-20 and IAC 9-20) and three sampling positions of weeds in the intercropping (in the macadamia tree canopy projection, among the macadamia tree canopies projections and in the single rows), plus an additional treatment (sole coffee). The weeds incidence and control, as well as their phytosociological characterization, were evaluated. For coffee intercropped with macadamia, the weeds occurrence and number of species were smaller than for sole coffee. For the projection in the canopy and among canopies of macadamia trees, there was an average decrease of 82% in the occurrence of weeds, in comparison with the sole coffee. The IAC 9-20 cultivar was more efficient in reducing the occurrence of weeds, when intercropped with coffee, for presenting a taller canopy, with a larger diameter.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The aim of this study was evaluate the response of two coffee cultivars (tolerant and sensitive to aluminum - Al), inoculated or not by two arbuscular mycorriza fungi (AMF), Gigaspora margarita and Glomus etunicatum, in cerrado Oxisol, with different base saturation. This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, with a complete randomized design, in a 2x3x2 factorial scheme, consisting of 2 cultivars (tolerante and sensitive to Al), 3 treatments with mycorrhizal (inoculated with two species of AMF and without inoculation) and 3 levels of soil base saturation (30, 45 and 53 V%), with five replicates per treatment. The variables were: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll concentration, root colonization and number of AMF spores. Mycorrhizae isolates promoted greater response of coffee plants, in acid soil with high concentration of Al, but this response was observed for both cultivars when plants were colonized by G. margarita. The cultivars evaluated showed no differences in Al tolerance when non inoculated.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the coverage of spray droplets on coffee plants as well as their deposition using a sprayer with and without adaptation of an auxiliary branch for tall plants. The experiment was conducted following a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications to evaluate the percentage of coverage for the spraying liquids in water sensitive paper fixed at four quadrants and two heights (lower and upper) of the plants, and the spray deposit with metallic marker (MnSO4) on sheets in the same positions of the water sensitive paper in two spray volumes (450 and 750 L h(-1)). The experiment was conducted in October 2011 in the town of Patroc nio-MG, and the experimental plots consisted of 30 plants of Catua IAC-99, with approximately 12 years of age and average height of 3.50 meters. The experiments were conducted following a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications to evaluate the coverage and deposition, in two spray volumes (450 and 750 L ha(-1)). Leaves were collected in four positions and also at the top four in the lower canopy. The results of the evaluations were analysed statistically by F test and for comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% probability. The auxiliary branch installed at the rear of the equipment is the most suitable when compared to use of equipment without this feature or installed in the front of the equipment. Furthermore, the application volume of 450 L ha(-1) results in coverages and deposits of spraying liquids equivalents to volume of 750 L ha(-1), considered sufficient according to the parameters evaluated.
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A caracterização e isolamento do gene com expressão específica em raiz de café (Coffea arabica) que codifica uma peroxidase (CaPOX) e suas respectivas regiões promotoras, permitiu realizar a caracterização da expressão desse gene em reposta a estresse biótico (infecção por nematóides) assim como a análise funcional do seu promotor. Promotores tecido-específicos responsáveis pela regulação de genes responsivos a estresses bióticos tornam-se fundamentais em programas biotecnológicos que visam o aumento da resistência e tolerância vegetal. Partindo desse princípio, realizou-se a quantificação da expressão relativa do gene CaPOX em raízes de café utilizando plantas de Coffea arabica de um cultivar susceptível (Mundo Novo) e de outro cultivar resistente (IAC 388-17-1) a nematóides, respectivamente. Em paralelo utilizou- se plantas transgênicas de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) contendo a versão completa do promotor do gene CaPOX em fusão transcricional ao gene repórter uidA (que codifica a β-glucuronidase; GUS) . A partir disso, pode-se observar que o gene CaPOX tem sua expressão aumentada em resposta a infecção por nematóides, sendo que a indução observada ocorre nos tempos iniciais pós-inoculação. Da mesma maneira, o promotor do gene CaPOX é responsivo a infecção por nematóides, sendo ativado nos tempos iniciais pós-inoculação
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A grande diversidade das formigas implica na enorme variedade de hábitats de nidificação, preferências alimentares e comportamento social com divisão de trabalho, além da estruturação de seu ninho que por sua vez, podem revelar parte de sua história evolutiva. Camponotus textor é uma espécie tecelã, a qual constrói seu ninho a partir da seda produzida pelas suas próprias larvas, garantindo um dos mais notáveis exemplos de cooperação social. É uma formiga arborícola e de grande importância para a agricultura, já que pode nidificar no cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) e ser usada como agente de controle biológico impedindo o estabelecimento de outras pragas. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos abordando comportamento, fisiologia, genética, endossimbiontes e filogenia desse grupo. Segundo dados da literatura, o DNA mitocondrial tem sido utilizado em análises de filogenia devido ao ótimo número de cópias por célula, altas taxas mutacionais e pouca ou nenhuma recombinação. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa realizar o sequenciamento de um fragmento do DNA mitocondrial de populações distintas de Camponotus textor para ser utilizado como marcador molecular, tornandose uma ferramenta para diferenciação de populações e determinação das relações filogenéticas entre outras espécies de formigas relacionadas. Foi feita a extração do DNA em TNES (Tris, NaCl, EDTA, SDS), seguida da amplificação da região COI (citocromo oxidase I) do DNA mitocondrial utilizando-se os primers elaborados para este trabalho e o sequencimento foi realizado no 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). As seqüências obtidas foram editadas no BioEdit, e posteriormente comparadas com o banco de dados GenBank, utilizando-se a ferramenta BLAST, e assim a construção da análise filogenética através do programa MEGA. Foi possível a separação das cinco populações em duas linhagens distantes geograficamente
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)