GCSE History AQA B : modern world history.

Es un recurso para la preparación del examen del General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE) que reúne una serie de características que ayudan a clarificar el contenido de las unidades temáticas. Estas características son: fuentes históricas; problemas historiográficos sobre el tema; y un apartado para expresar la opinión personal sobre importantes debates de un asunto histórico. También, se incluye otro recuadro que permite hacer averiguaciones propias sobre hechos históricos; y por último, un esquema con los principales temas y problemas de cada período con identificación de los puntos clave para su comprensión, y un resumen sobre un tema específico con argumentos a favor y en contra.

GCSE History AQA B : modern world history. Teacher guide.

Este recurso para el profesor sigue la estructura del libro del alumno, que prepara para el examen del General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE). Contiene notas para el docente, planificación de clases y hojas de trabajo diferenciadas pero que pueden personalizarse y adaptarse a cada clase. Se acompaña de un CD-ROM.

The slave trade : should Britain pay compensation for the slave trade?

Estudia el comercio de esclavos, a través de barcos británicos, entre África y América en el siglo XVIII y el movimiento abolicionista como uno de los primeros movimientos modernos de protesta.Para ello utiliza los relatos de primera mano de personajes de la serie de televisión Raíces y fuentes históricas. Se adapta a la etapa clave 3 (key stage 3) de secundaria para historia del programa nacional de estudios.

O regresso do religioso : afirmação, crítica, subversão e profecia

Em sintonia com o espírito do sapere aude kantiano (ouse ou atreva-se a saber), mas tendo em Nietzsche e Heidegger a ausência de um centro absoluto ou o lieu vide que o iluminismo foi incapaz de domesticar, reconhecer e incarnar, este breve texto procura explicar o regresso do religioso, o seu significado e algumas das suas mais imediatas implicações políticas, sócio-económicas e teológicas, depois que este começou a ser debatido há cerca de duas d��cadas em Capri (Itália), e com uma constante referência ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, e a alguns dos seus mais importante intérpretes, nestas áreas, como John D. Caputo, Jeremy Carrette e outros. Sem poder negar ou afirmar a possibilidade de Deus, o artigo sugere uma nova forma de conceber e de corporizar uma relação pós-moderna entre o humano e o divino, livre de qualquer dualismo, e manifesta numa constante afirmação e subversão de nós mesmos, pela prática do diálogo livre e aberto com o tout autre em cada rosto.

A functional link between bone morphogenetic proteins and insulin-like peptide 3 signaling in modulating ovarian androgen production

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are firmly implicated as intra-ovarian regulators of follicle development and steroidogenesis. Here we report a microarray analysis showing that treatment of cultured bovine theca cells (TC) with BMP6 significantly (>2-fold; P<0.01) up- or down-regulated expression of 445 genes. Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) was the most heavily down-regulated gene (-43-fold) with CYP17A1 and other key transcripts involved in TC steroidogenesis including LHCGR, INHA, STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B1 also down-regulated. BMP6 also reduced expression of NR5A1 encoding steroidogenic factor-1 known to target the promoter regions of the aforementioned genes. Real-time PCR confirmed these findings and also revealed a marked reduction in expression of INSL3 receptor (RXFP2). Secretion of INSL3 protein and androstenedione were also suppressed suggesting a functional link between BMP and INSL3 pathways in controlling androgen synthesis. RNAi-mediated knockdown of INSL3 reduced INSL3 mRNA and secreted protein level (75 and 94%, respectively) and elicited a 77% reduction in CYP17A1 mRNA level and 83% reduction in androstenedione secretion. Knockdown of RXFP2 also reduced CYP17A1 mRNA level (81%) and androstenedione secretion (88%). Conversely, treatment with exogenous (human) INSL3 increased androstenedione secretion ~2-fold. The CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone abolished androgen secretion and reduced expression of both INSL3 and RXFP2. Collectively, these findings indicate a positive autoregulatory role for INSL3 signaling in maintaining thecal androgen production, and visa versa. Moreover, BMP6-induced suppression of thecal androgen synthesis may be mediated, at least in part, by reduced INSL3-RXFP2 signaling.

The long-term safety and efficacy of bilateral transplantation of human fetal striatal tissue in patients with mild to moderate Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease involving progressive motor, cognitive and behavioural decline, leading to death approximately 20 years after motor onset. The disease is characterised pathologically by an early and progressive striatal neuronal cell loss and atrophy, which has provided the rationale for first clinical trials of neural repair using fetal striatal cell transplantation. Between 2000 and 2003, the 'NEST-UK' consortium carried out bilateral striatal transplants of human fetal striatal tissue in five HD patients. This paper describes the long-term follow up over a 3-10-year postoperative period of the patients, grafted and non-grafted, recruited to this cohort using the 'Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations-HD' assessment protocol. No significant differences were found over time between the patients, grafted and non-grafted, on any subscore of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale, nor on the Mini Mental State Examination. There was a trend towards a slowing of progression on some timed motor tasks in four of the five patients with transplants, but overall, the trial showed no significant benefit of striatal allografts in comparison with a reference cohort of patients without grafts. Importantly, no significant adverse or placebo effects were seen. Notably, the raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) signal in individuals with transplants, indicated that there was no obvious surviving striatal graft tissue. This study concludes that fetal striatal allografting in HD is safe. While no sustained functional benefit was seen, we conclude that this may relate to the small amount of tissue that was grafted in this safety study compared with other reports of more successful transplants in patients with HD.