Diffusion of HTO, Br-, I-, Cs+, Sr-85(2+) and Co-60(2+) in a clay formation: Results and modelling from an in situ experiment in Opalinus Clay

The migration of radioactive and chemical contaminants in clay materials and argillaceous host rocks is characterised by diffusion and retention processes. Valuable information on such processes can be gained by combining diffusion studies at laboratory scale with field migration tests. In this work, the outcome of a multi-tracer in situ migration test performed in the Opalinus Clay formation in the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory (Switzerland) is presented. Thus, 1.16 x 10(5) Bq/L of HTO, 3.96 x 10(3) Bq/L of Sr-85, 6.29 x 10(2) Bq/L of Co-60, 2.01 x 10(-3) mol/L Cs, 9.10 x 10(-4) mol/L I and 1.04 x 10(-3) mol/L Br were injected into the borehole. The decrease of the radioisotope concentrations in the borehole was monitored using in situ gamma-spectrometry. The other tracers were analyzed with state-of-the-art laboratory procedures after sampling of small water aliquots from the reservoir. The diffusion experiment was carried out over a period of one year after which the interval section was overcored and analyzed. Based on the experimental data from the tracer evolution in the borehole and the tracer profiles in the rock, the diffusion of tracers was modelled with the numerical code CRUNCH. The results obtained for HTO (H-3), I- and Br- confirm previous lab and in situ diffusion data. Anionic fluxes into the formation were smaller compared to HTO because of anion exclusion effects. The migration of the cations Sr-85(2+), Cs+ and Co-60(2+) was found to be governed by both diffusion and sorption processes. For Sr-85(2+), the slightly higher diffusivity relative to HTO and the low sorption value are consistent with laboratory diffusion measurements on small-scale samples. In the case of Cs+, the numerically deduced high diffusivity and the Freundlich-type sorption behaviour is also supported by ongoing laboratory data. For Co, no laboratory diffusion data were yet available for comparison; however, the modelled data suggests that Co-60(2+) sorption was weaker than would be expected from available batch sorption data. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental setup for obtaining high-quality diffusion data for conservative and sorbing tracers. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ein offenes Wort an Se. Ehrwürden Herrn Distrikts-Rabbiner Seeligmann Bär Bamberger zu Würzburg

von Em. Schwarzschild

Offene Antwort des Distrikts-Rabbiners Seeligmann Bär Bamberger zu Würzburg auf den an ihn gerichteten offenen Brief Sr. Ehrwürden des Herrn S. R. Hirsch, Rabbiner der Israelitischen Religionsgemeinschaft zu Frankfurt a. M.

Seeligmann Bär Bamberger

Offener Brief an A. Adler, Mitglied der Br. Rabbiner-Versammlung : als Antw. auf sein Sendschreiben an die 77 "sogenannten Rabbiner, die durch Verdächtigung d. Verläumdung zu gewinnen wären"

von ... [Raphael] K[irchhei]m

Atomization Energies of LnX Molecules (Ln = Sm, Eu, and Yb; X = Cl, Br, and I)

The gas phase equilibria Ba + LnX = BaX + Ln (Ln = Sm, Eu, Yb; X = Cl, Br, I) were investigated by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry using a low energy of ionizing electrons to avoid fragmentation processes. The BaX molecules were used as references with well-established bond energies. The atomization enthalpies ΔatH0° of the LnX molecules were determined to be 427 ± 9 (SmCl), 409 ± 9 (EuCl), 366 ± 9 (YbCl), 360 ± 10 (SmBr), 356 ± 13 (EuBr), 316 ± 9 (YbBr), 317 ± 10 (SmI), 293 ± 10 (EuI), and 283 ± 10 (YbI) kJ·mol−1.

Rabbiner Seligmann Bär Bamberger, dessen Leben und Wirken : Beigabe zum Jahresberichte pro 1896/97 der von demselben begründeten und während der ersten 13 Jahre geleiteten israel. Lehrerbildungs-Anstalt zu Würzburg

von Nathan Bamberger

Mus Hs 759 - Andante für Flauto 1mo et 2do, Br[uder]: Herbolt, Oechs, Clarinetto in A, Lause, Corno in E, Oestreich, Corno Pasetto in E, Bretschneider : No 17 ; dieses Andante haben wir in der [das Logensymbol eines Steines] Socrates beÿ der Aufnahme in 2|t|e Gr:. aufgeführt ; d 27|t|e August 5830

[Carl Oestreich]