443 resultados para Assimetria Sagital


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A gestão eficiente do recurso público tem se colocado como um importante tema tanto para a academia quanto para os gestores públicos. O papel de destaque da função alocativa do Estado, em conjunto com o aumento das demandas da população, tem alçado tal tema a alto grau de relevância. Para contribuir com esse debate, o objetivo principal desta tese é entender o desperdício do recurso e suas nuances. Nesse contexto, os processos de contratação por parte do Estado e a ocorrência de corrupção são dois assuntos em alta e que carecem de maior aprofundamento, e é sobre eles que me debruço para cumprir os objetivos traçados. Assim, a presente tese foi organizada contendo três artigos inéditos. Cada um deles se dedica a um aspecto específico, identificado dentro das teorias que permeiam o debate no contexto da administração pública e governo. O primeiro artigo tem como objetivo analisar a pertinência na realização de processos licitatórios. Partindo dos pressupostos da teoria dos leilões, que destacam a relação entre o aumento da concorrência e a diminuição dos preços praticados pelos licitantes,o estudo adiciona à literatura sobre o tema aspectos como os custos de transação e os problemas relacionados à definição do fornecedor, baseada no preço como critério único. O segundo artigo aborda a relação existente entre a economia obtida na etapa de licitação e as modificações realizadas no contrato durante a sua execução. Esse artigo conta com o subsídio da literatura que aponta as dificuldades em se desenhar contratos completos e que considera a possibilidade de os licitantes se valerem da assimetria de informação para traçar suas estratégias. A essa utilização se dá o nome de jogo de planilha e é sobre tal ponto que o segundo trabalho versa. No terceiro artigo, a temática abordada é a corrupção, e o objetivo do mesmo é verificar a possível associação entre a corrupção e os indicadores de saúde pública nos municípios. Se apoiando na literatura que destaca a relação negativa entre a corrupção e os indicadores sociais, eu testo se tal questão, se tal padrão de associação se repete nos indicadores municipais de saúde dos municípios. Os resultados encontrados suscitam alguns debates e acrescentam ao estado da arte questões ainda não levantadas. Entre essas questões, destaca-se a associação entre a realização de processos licitatórios e preços, em média, mais altos. Outra questão importante diz respeito aos fatores relacionados às modificações dos contratos, não encontrando evidências empíricas que demonstrem a existência do chamado jogo de planilha. Por fim, esse último artigo destaca a relação entre a corrupção e os indicadores socioeconômicos, demonstrando, entre outros aspectos, a correlação da corrupção com os indicadores em sentido oposto para determinados indicadores. Espera-se que esta tese estimule pesquisas mais aprofundadas, envolvendo as temáticas aqui abordadas, idealmente, dando contribuições para a melhoria da gestão pública no Brasil, em que pese a importância dos processos de compras públicas e a relação entre a corrupção e os indicadores de saúde.

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Based on the empirical comparative study between two churches from Pentecostal guidance - both located in Parnamirim/RN - and supported on a dialogic interaction between my interlocutors and theoretical references, I proposed me to reflect about how this protestant segment represents and articulates questions such as gender and power relationships, and the daily impact of that in their followers life. In other words, this dissertation aims to understand the reason of the asymmetry attributed to male and female, especially in what concerns the distribution of ecclesiastic works and the authority given to male, as well as the implication of this reality in the reconfiguration of morality and religious praxis in daily life of individuals and involved groups. From this perspective, this work was divided in three chapters, in which I investigate the tension/relationship between faith and secularism, for from this question on concessions and/or prohibitions related to the limits and involvement of the followers with the world and with the very Pentecostal ethos arise. I also analyze here aspects concerning to both ecclesiastic hierarchy and power, with the objective of elucidating how it occurs, what kind of criteria and implications they consider as well as about the nature of the religious labor division between men and women and, finally, I try to understand how the conversion/adhesion of members is reflected in the redefinitions of gender and its relationship between the ecclesiastical and domestic spaces. The diligence and energy spent in this work is in the hope that its fruits can corroborate in the expansion of anthropological knowledge which, in this particular case, involves the Brazilian Pentecostal phenomenon

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In this work we analyze the skin bioimpedance statistical distribution. We focus on the study of two distinct samples: the statistics of impedance of several points in the skin of a single individual and the statistics over a population (many individuals) but in a single skin point. The impedance data was obtained from the literature (Pearson, 2007). Using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the assymmetry test we conclude that the impedance of a population is better described by an assymetric and non-normal distribution. On the other side, the data concerning the individual impedance seems to follow a normal distribution. We have performed a goodnes of fitting test and the better distribution to fit the data of a population is the log-normal distribution. It is interesting to note that our result for skin impedance is in simtony with body impedance from the literature of electrical engeneering. Our results have an impact over the statistical planning and modelling of skin impedance experiments. Special attention we should drive to the treatment of outliers in this kind of dataset. The results of this work are important in the general discussion of low impedance of points of acupuncture and also in the problem of skin biopotentials used in equipments like the Electrodermal Screen Tests.

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To aureus α-HL channel, we used the cysteine-scanning mutagenesis technique. Twenty-four mutants were produced from the substitution of a single aminoacid of the primary structure of the α-HL pro this yzed after the incorporation of a mutant channel in planar lipid bilayer membranes. The modified proteins were studied in the absence and presence of watersoluble specific sulphydryl-specific reagents, in order to introduce a strong positive or negative harge at positions of substitution. The introduction of a negative charge in the stem region onverted the selectivity of the channel from weak anionic to more cationic. However, the troduction of a positive charge increased its selectivity to the anion. The degree of these alterations was inversely dependent on the channel radius at the position of the introduced harge (selectivity). As to the asymmetry of the conductance-voltage, the influence of the harge was more complex. The introduction of the negative charge in the stem region (the trans art of the pore) provoked a decrease. The intensity of these alterations depended on the radius, and on the type of free charge at the pore entrance. These results suggest that the free charge at surrounds the pore wall is responsible for the cation-anion selectivity of the channel. The istribution of the charges between the entrances is crucial for determining the asymmetry of e conductance-voltage curves. We hope that these results serve as a model for studies with other nanometric channels, in biological or planar lipid bilayer membranes or in iotechnological applications

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The people of Ceará state are descended from miscegenation between the Portuguese colonizers and the native population, resulting in a different facial pattern from other populations. It is important that this pattern be thoroughly understood, along with its minimum and maximum values so that they can be assessed and respected, allowing professionals who deal with the craniofacial complex to work more efficiently and scientifically. Aim: To characterize the morphological pattern of individuals from Ceará state, whose father and grandfather are also native from Ceará, in the 10-12 year age group, not submitted to previous orthodontic treatment, in order to determine: 1) the prevalence of occlusal pattern; 2) the prevalence of dental anomalies (DA) and, 3) the skeletal and dental cephalometric characteristics of individuals that present with normal occlusion and harmonious facial pattern. Methodology: A list of 10-12 year-olds was obtained from 515 schools containing 162,713 students (Education Secretariat of Ceará State), from which 234 individuals were examined (107 boys and 157 girls). The assessment criteria adopted were: 1) Angle s Classification System to determine occlusal pattern. The occlusal characteristics were measured through overbite, overjet, crowding and interincisal diastema. 2) DA are anomalies of number, shape, size, eruption and structure and, 3) in the group that presented with normal occlusion, we used cephalometric analysis measures proposed by Downs, Steiner, Tweed, Holdaway, Jacobson and McNamara. Results: 1) 25.8% of the schoolchildren had normal occlusion, 47.5% class I malocclusion, 22.3% class II malocclusion and 4.2% class III malocclusion. No statistically significant difference was found between the age group studied and sex. Thirty percent of the individuals had normal overbite, while 36.7% and 19.7% had increased and reduced overbite, respectively. Normal overjet was found in 33.7% of the individuals, increased overjet in 50% and reduced in 16.3%. Dental crowding was observed in 62.5% of the individuals and the presence of interincisal diastema in 14.8%. 2) The prevalence of DA was 56.1%, 6.8% in the number, 10.8% in shape, 4.1% in size, 34.5% in eruption, 26.4% in structure and 17.4% had more than one DA. No association was found between DA and sex, but DA was significantly associated to malocclusion (p<0.05); 3) there was no association between sex or facial type between the measures of nasal-labial angle, position and effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length and the sagittal relationship between the molars, overjet and overbite, position of upper incisors, lower incisors and between the incisors themselves. There was a difference between sex, on the VERT index and in lower anterior facial height, upper incisor inclination and line-H, between facial types for the occlusal plane angles, mandibular plane, facial axis, lower incisor inclination, mandibular position, upper incisor position, lower anterior facial height, ANB and line-H. It was concluded that: 1) the most prevalent occlusal type was class I malocclusion, with no distinction for sex or age group, and the assessment of occlusal characteristics showed that excessive overbite and overjet were the most predominant findings, along with a high occurrence of tooth crowding; 2) a high prevalence of DA was found, particularly eruption anomalies, not influenced by sex but significantly associated to malocclusion and 3) individuals from Ceará are predominantly brachyfacial, exhibiting a number of similarities inherent to their facial pattern, such as a convex profile, retracted jaw, reduced lower third and protruded lower incisors. This study was multidisciplinary, involving researchers from the areas of epidemiology, radiology and dentistry, thereby meeting the multidisciplinarity requirements of the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences

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Caracterizaram-se, por meio da ultrassonografia, as estruturas flexoras da porção distal dos membros de bovinos utilizando-se peças anatômicas da porção distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, provenientes de 20 novilhas mestiças da raça Nelore, com idades entre 24 e 36 meses. Para análise ultrassonográfica, foram estabelecidas cinco zonas de avaliação no plano transversal, denominadas, respectivamente, de zonas A, B, C, D e E, e duas em plano sagital, F-III e F-IV. Na face flexora, foram avaliados os tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo, o músculo interósseo, o ligamento acessório do tendão flexor digital profundo e a manica flexoria, quanto à forma, limites, posição, ecogenicidade e mensurações das áreas transversais em cm². Sendo os resultados apresentados na forma descritiva e em tabelas, foi possível a caracterização das estruturas flexoras, identificando e determinando planos ultrassonográficos apropriados para a observação de imagens adequadas destes tecidos, além da obtenção de valores e parâmetros que possam ser utilizados como referência para esta espécie.

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Nesta pesquisa foram utilizadas vinte fêmeas bovinas, sem patologias aparentes nas glândulas mamárias, em lactação, objetivando avaliar estruturas anatômicas das papilas mamárias. Quatro técnicas ultra-sonográficas foram avaliadas. Utilizou-se transdutor linear de 7,5 MHz para uso endoretal, na obtenção das imagens, padronizando-se o lado direito do animal para visualização das papilas craniais e caudais, em dois planos anatômicos (sagital e transversal). Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3, G4) que representaram as diferentes técnicas empregadas em momentos distintos (antes e após ordenha). Os resultados indicaram que entre as técnicas estudadas, as de exame direto e com uso de almofadada de silicone, foram as que apresentaram maior aplicabilidade, quando considerada a sua facilidade de uso na rotina com complementação do exame clinico. Entretanto, pólipos e cálculos lácteos tem sua extensão e localização convenientemente visibilizados mediante uso da técnica de pressão de liquido. Já a técnica de imersão em água, mostrou-se mais eficiente quanto à qualidade das imagens obtidas e na caracterização das estruturas anatômicas. O experimento realizado, traz subsídios anatomo-topográfico que irão contribuir com a qualidade do diagnóstico em pacientes que possam ter indicação cirúrgica (telotomia) e levanta questões que poderão ser respondidas conforme a casuística e a experiência consolidada do cirurgião.

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The complex human behavior related to exercise involves cognitive, physical and emotional processing. The recent theories about exercise s intensity regulation have highlighted the role played by psychophysics aspects in controlling exercise s intensity. In this regard, recent evidences have shown that there is variability in human capacity in perceiving interoceptives clues. Thus, subjects more sensitive show higher physiological arousal to physical and/or emotional stress, and sensations with higher intensity. In fact, studies have evidenced that interoceptive feedback modifies behavior in exercise with free load. However, exercise recommendations are based in a constant load standard. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the influence of interoceptive sensibility on psychophysics responses during dynamic exercise performed with constant load. Twenty-four adult males were allocated into two groups accordingly with their interoceptive sensibility: high sensibility (n=11) and low sensibility (13). They underwent to an incremental test (IT) and then randomly to two sections of moderate and severe exercise intensity for 20 minutes. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affective feelings (AF), alert state (AS), and percentage of associative thoughts were collect during exercise. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to assess differences between psychophysics responses. There were differences between group in RPE, AF, and AS in moderate intensity. There was no difference in any measure in severe intensity. We conclude that subjects with high interoceptive sensibility feel dynamic moderate exercise more intense than the subjecs with low interoceptive sensibility

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As formas do relevo podem ser indicadores da variação dos atributos do solo, pois essa variabilidade é causada por pequenas alterações do declive que afetam os processos pedogenéticos bem como o transporte e o armazenamento de água no perfil do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Catanduva (SP), com o objetivo de caracterizar a variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e fatores de erosão em diferentes pedoformas sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. de acordo com o modelo de Troeh classificou-se as formas do relevo em duas pedoformas, côncava e convexa. Com a utilização de um DGPS levantaram-se as cotas altimétricas, estabelecendo-se uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 50 m, com 270 pontos na pedoforma côncava e 353 pontos na pedoforma convexa, perfazendo um total de 623 pontos, coletados na profundidade de 0,0 - 0,2 m em uma área de 200 ha. em cada ponto da malha foram determinados os atributos químicos do solo, granulometria, espessura do solo e fatores de erosão locais, tais como erosividade (R), erodibilidade (K), fator topográfico (LS), uso e manejo (C), práticas conservacionistas (P), potencial natural de erosão (PNE), perda de solo (A) e risco de erosão (RE). Os dados foram avaliados primeiramente por uma análise estatística exploratória, calculando-se a média, mediana, variância, coeficiente de variação, coeficiente de assimetria, coeficiente de curtose e teste de normalidade. Posteriormente, a dependência espacial foi verificada por meio da técnica de geoestatística utilizando-se semivariogramas. As maiores perdas de solo, risco de erosão e potencial natural de erosão e menor espessura do solo ocorreram na pedoforma convexa, indicando forte dependência espacial com a forma do relevo. A pedoforma côncava proporcionou maior variabilidade espacial, demonstrando que a forma do relevo condiciona padrões diferenciados de variabilidade. A magnitude da variabilidade dos atributos do solo é mais influenciada pela forma do relevo que pela erosão. A espessura do horizonte A+E integrado com a forma do relevo é um indicador de processos erosivos para classe de Argissolos.

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The Pitimbu River Basin is concern reason, therefore this is one of the mains freshwater sources for the Natal city supplying. The Pitimbu waters river flow into Jiqui pond, as the main supplier of this, that supplies 16% of Natal population and there is a bigger importance despite the supplying of a parcel of Natal city made joining underground waters with the water proceeding from the Jiqui pond, being used for dilution waters of contaminated wells with nitrate. Even with the importance of the Pitimbu, there is a strong pressure of occupation of its edge according to a critical urban growth, becoming the situation worse and increasing the necessity of management of the use and occupation of the ground and keeping the control of the prompt pollution, as punctual as diffuse. There are many studies about Pitimbu River Basin, however they summarize themselves to some months or even in a few years. This work, that gathers these information, increasing the amplitude and making possible an evaluation of the attitude of the water in a period extended for an evaluation of values of variable quality of water referring to the standards, that usually happens about the variable frequency distribution, central tendency and measures of dispersion, as the coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness and the coefficient of determination of certain variable on another one. This work to evaluates the quality conditions of the Pitimbu river waters by analyzing thirty five (35) variables Physical, chemical and biological in eight (8) points of water course since 1993 to 2007. Given this situation, all knowledge about the waters quality conditions obtained in this work, is a strong subsidy for management of use and ground occupation, considering the river basin as territorial unit of management, and as the water is public good domain, being a priority human use, It is necessary to guarantee to current and the future generations available water resources in appropriate standards of quality as the established standard and identifying possible reasons of pollution through statistics analysis