A saúde mental do adolescente entre duas políticas públicas: o Programa Saúde do Adolescente (PROSAD) e a política de saúde mental

Este estudo trata da saúde mental do adolescente a partir da formulação das políticas de Saúde do Adolescente (PROSAD) e de Saúde Mental, buscando compreender os debates que então se travaram em torno das questões relativas à adolescência, especialmente em relação à assistência à saúde mental, e identificando as concepções e interpretações que se apresentavam no posicionamento dos formuladores no processo de implementação das políticas no período entre 1989 e 2005. Para tal, analisamos documentos oficiais e discursos produzidos pelas políticas e realizamos entrevistas com coordenadores, gestores, ex-gestores e atores-chaves implicados em suas formulações e processos. Destacamos que, apesar de encontrarem condições de possibilidades como Políticas Nacionais no mesmo período marcado por profundas mudanças no país, onde destacamos a instituição do SUS , elas assumem modelos de intervenção e recortam seu objeto diferentemente e em momentos distintos, o que resulta em descompassos e hiatos que guardam certa relação com as formas de inserção nesse processo de mudança na saúde. Quando a análise se volta para a aparente intercessão das políticas no que diz respeito à saúde mental do adolescente, percebemos que dentro da perspectiva de responder ao conjunto das necessidades de cuidado da população adolescente no país, a maioria das situações que dizem respeito à saúde mental não se situa em uma e nem em outra, mas num entre as duas políticas. O entre, como lugar construído e político, aponta para uma realidade que é mais complexa do que os recortes que as políticas operam. Isso não quer dizer que as políticas públicas analisadas não se encontrem; no entanto, os encontros ou as parcerias estabelecidas acontecem, em determinados momentos, voltados para ações e projeto específicos. Contudo, é possível reconhecer movimentos de aproximação entre saúde mental e atenção básica no sentido de aumentar a capacidade de oferecer o cuidado para os adolescentes, apontando caminhos para um trabalho de saúde mental mais amplo, que comporte as diferentes faces do sofrimento, orientado pela noção de integralidade.

How can research best serve the needs of aquaculture in subsaharan Africa?

Discussion on whether research is the answer to best serve the needs of aquaculture in SubSaharan Africa is presented. New methods of user-participatory, on-farm research being tested by ICLARM and other agencies in Asia and Africa is discussed.

Fisheries rehabilitation in post-tsunami Aceh: Status and needs from participatory appraisals

The widespread and long-term nature of the tsunami damage in Aceh province, Indonesia has threatened the continued use of coastal and fisheries resources. This article describes the application of the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Management System (RAFMS) methodology and presents key findings from the participatory appraisals in 15 study sites. The focus is on changes in the number and types of fishing boats and fishing effort, consumption and marketing flow patterns and community perspectives on livelihood options. The level of aid (for new boats), mainly from international organizations, has been unevenly distributed with the number of boats in 13 of 15 villages still being well below the pre-tsunami levels. A focus on supplying small vessels may put increased fishing pressure on the near-shore zone. Consumption data and marketing flows suggest that most fishing villages are supplying outside markets and adding considerably to the wider food security of the province. Despite the tsunami, marine fisheries-related livelihoods are still preferred, although there are indications for the potential expansion of livelihoods into the culture of new species. Alternative resource-based livelihoods need to be tested and refined to fit the needs of the current conditions in Aceh to provide viable options for eliminating hunger and reducing poverty.

African freshwater fisheries: what needs to be managed?

The management of African freshwater fisheries in Southern African Development Coordination (SADC) countries is discussed. Changes in catch and fishing effort in the SADC freshwater fisheries in the past 50 years, the main causes behind the patterns of change in fishing effort, the effects of fishing effort and environment on the regeneration of fish stocks, as well as existing and proposed fisheries management regulations are investigated.

Fish farming: the smallholder information needs in Kenya

The article outlines the information needs of small scale fish farmers in Kenya.

Effects of the Santa Barbara, Calif., Oil Spill on the Apparent Abundance of Pelagic Fishery Resources

Many studies have been made of the effects of oil on marine invertebrates, plants (marine algae and phytoplankton), and vertebrates such as seabirds and marine mammals. An excellent review of these findings, which includes some references to fish and pathological effects of aromatic hydrocarbons, has been published by the Royal Society, London (Clark, 1982). That review dealt with the environmental effects of such major oil spills or releases such as those by the tankers Torry Canyon (119,000 t) on the south coast of England, Metula (50-56,000 t) in the Straits of Magellan, Argo Merchant (26,000 t) off Cape Cod, and the super tanker Amoco Cadiz (223,000 t) on the coast of northern Brittany. Those spills were studied to determine their effect on living resources. In contrast there are few references on the impact of oil spills on pelagic fishery resources.

Distribution and Apparent Abundance of the Basking Shark, Cetorhinus maximus, off the Central and Southern California Coast, 1962-85

Basking sharks, Cetorhinus maximus, are frequently observed along the central and northwestern southern California coast during the winter and spring months. These large plankton feeding elasmobranchs, second in size only to the whale shark, Rhineodon typus, had been the subject of a small commercial fishery off California in the late 1940's and early 1950's for their liver oil, rich in vitamin A, and in later years for reduction into fish meal and oil (Roedel and Ripley, 1950). These fisheries were sporadic and did not take basking sharks in large numbers.