Planejamento integrado dos recursos hídricos na microbacia do córrego Três Barras no município de Marinópolis-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Modelagem dinâmica temporal para a avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica e seus efeitos na sustentabilidade do sistema da sub-bacia do córrego do Boi Branco - SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Estudo da qualidade da água distribuída pelo poço artesiano da FEG em relação à água servida pelo abastecimento público de Guaratinguetá

We conducted a study of the quality of water distributed by Artesian Well in relation to water supply served by the public for purposes of human consumption of UNESP Campus Guaratinguetá. Two sections of the network were randomly chosen and monitored for 105 days: the stretch of the pipeline started off the Water Treatment Station of the Autonomous Service of Water, Sewage and waste in the Municipality of Guaratinguetá and ended in a point consumption of the Child Family Center, while the section B began at the output of an artesian well and finished in a point of consumption of the Department of Civil Engineering. It is the deterioration of water quality in parts A and B, through comparative analysis of Bicarbonates, Total Hardness, Total Iron, free residual chlorine, pH, Total Residual, Turbidity, Conductivity, Color, Fecal Coliforms and Total Coliforms. Among the observations that can be highlighted: the Total Hardness was found in highest concentration in the extract; for Total Iron significant variations were obtained for both parts, and reduction of this parameter in two points of consumption analyzed, not the expected increase concentration, because the contact of water along the pipe, the CRL showed significant depletion to section A, which can be related to impurities in the water, the presence of biofilm on the walls of pipes, or because this is the stretch of greater extent to be covered by water for pH, this indicated that the water is alkaline and slightly acidic stretch in section B; Turbidity was found for the higher concentration to the passage, and a considerable reduction of this parameter at point consumption due to deposition of particulate matter along the stretch, the conductivity also showed a higher concentration in the extract, as well as an increase in this parameter at the point of consumption. Upon leaving ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Proposta metodológica para a correção do coeficiente de retorno de esgoto sanitário em unidades com sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial

The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61

Análise ambiental simplificada no entorno de águas superficiais na bacia do rio Corumbataí (SP)

The basin of the Corumbataí river is of vital importance to over 600 thousand people, who depend on its waters for consumption. The Simplified Analisys of Environmental Impacts in the Areas Surrounding the Surface Waters of the Drainage Basin of the Corumbataí River (SP) is aimed at defining the areas which are most susceptible to degradation or already damaged and propose engineering solutions according to the environmental problems identified. Using a questionnaire to indicate possible impacts in the surroundings, I related human actions to these damage and quantified them. Having studied the basin extensively and selected 42 areas - generically identified as points and grouped as sub-basins and according to the soil usage -, I was able to identify the main environmental impacts in the basin as: sugar cane monoculture, lack of riparian forest, damaged areas due to mining, the bad state of rural roads and bridges, rubbish disposal alongside roads or directly into the river, accelerated and unplanned expansion of residential and industrial areas into the rural areas and river sources, and Rio Claro's untreated city wastewater

Urbanização, turismo e seus impactos nos recursos naturais no município de Ilhabela - SP

The urbanization process in the Brazilian cities is directly linked to its main economic activities, and causes several impacts on the natural resources. It can be seen at the city of Ilhabela, an archipelago located at the north coast of the state of São Paulo, that still has a great area of preserved Atlantic Rainforest, and where today the tourism is the main economic activity. With this in sight, this paper aimed to make a prospect of the current situation of the city, looking at the main aspects of its economic and urban development and the environmental impacts related to them. Among the aspects studied, are the irregular occupations at preservation areas on the island: the pressure on the sea ecosystems by the fishing and the boat circulation, and at the beaches by the tourists flow. Were also observed the characteristics of the city’s urban infrastructure, such as the water supply, sewer and road networks and the waste collecting. Finally, it was analyzed the way that the government acts over the preservation of the island’s natural resources, by the Municipality and the Ilhabela State Park, so that the acting of these two agents could be compared

Geotecnologias para a análise da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Wenzel - Rio Claro/SP: proposta de gestão de recursos hídricos

The expansion of urban in medium-sized citie, increase the importance of action planning and management of natural resources, among which water is the most important. Such action should include the integration of physical and man-made elements involved. In this context, it becomesimportant for watershed analysis and the use of geotecnologies. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the contribution of the geo, as a tool for managing a river basin, allowing the integration of physical data and the analysis of anthropogenic environmental scenarios in urban areas. The area chosen, the basin of the Wenzel, is located in Rio Claro / SP, a city whose urbanization process has been intense and continuous. Thematic maps were generated from the physical environment: soil, slope and geological, as well as maps of land use. With regard to land use maps, these were drawn from the visual interpretation of material aerophotogrammetric, considering the years 1995 and 2010, performing an evolutionary analysis. It was observed that the area presents small variation in the physical and structural aspects, with lithological and geomorphological formation favoring the occurrence of floods, erosion and siltation. These processes are accelerated by the forms of land use, with intense urbanization during the period between 1995 and 2010, and poor preservation of permanent preservation areasand. In the floodplain areas there is a high waste disposal is the most notable environmental problem

Estudo da tratabilidade de água pluvial utilizando coagulante natural a base de tanino visando fins não potáveis

This paper aimed to study the treatability of rainwater collected in Rio Claro, SP, using natural coagulant tannin based. The tannin was compared with other too primary coagulants, namely ferric chloride and corn starch. Assays were performed in laboratory scale using equipment known as Jarteste and aimed to study the conditions most suitable dosage and coagulation pH. First tests were conducted to compare the coagulating and determination of the conditions to be used in the following tests, taking as a criterion the greatest efficiency for water treatment. Also performed were performed tests to construct the tannin coagulation diagram, using the optimal concentration found in the previous phase, by varying the dosage of coagulant and the pH of clotting in order to determine the isoefficiency regions for apparent color and turbidity. Finally, tests were performed cyclically filtration with filter paper. Preliminary tests indicated that the vegetable tannin concentration 3% (m/m) from the commercial solution was presented the best set of results (84.3% removal of apparent color and 82.51% removal of turbidity) compared to ferric chloride (66.25% removal efficiency and apparent color of turbidity 67.82%) and starch (73.68% removal efficiency apparent color and turbidity to 67.19%). The coagulation diagrams indicate that the best region to work with vegetable tannin 3% is where the coagulant dosage ranges from 15 mg/L to about 37.5 mg/L and coagulation pH ranging from about 6.5 to 7.5. The cyclic filtration showed to be not efficient for the best dosage of coagulant, due to the process of clogging of the filter paper, but proved to be efficient for other dosages. Thus, for the waters studied, the results indicate that the natural coagulant based tannin is an alternative to conventional coagulants, possessing benefits of technical and environmental

A participação dos movimentos sociais na disputa pela água no Pontal do Paranapanema

É da disputa histórica pela posse da terra no Pontal do Paranapanema e dos conflitos daí desdobrantes que vem à tona as cifras marcantes das terras improdutivas e devolutas e, mais ainda, o descrédito em relação à Reforma Agrária e a negativa a qualquer possibilidade de acesso à terra, tais como a política de assentamentos em vigência, mas totalmente enfraquecida e desprestigiada. É nesse cenário que a apropriação da água ou sua privatização comparece como preocupação. A iniciativa do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) em implantar um projeto de piscicultura, via o sistema tanques-rede para a subsistência e também como fonte de renda, nas águas represadas pelas UHEs enfrentará uma série de empecilhos e travagens de ordem burocrática, política e econômica. Além de despertar para a importância de discutir o a privatização e a mercantilização da água no século XXI, e a expansão da aquicultura no Brasil nos últimos anos, pretendemos identificar e analisar as dinâmicas espaciais e as disputas pelo acesso à água no Pontal do Paranapanema

Os Efeitos dos Programas Microbacias II: Acesso ao Mercado e Territórios da Cidadania no Pontal do Paranapanema – SP

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os resultados da implementação de duas políticas públicas: O Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável – PDRS (Microbacias II) e o Programa Territórios da Cidadania - PTC, sendo que a primeira é de âmbito estadual e visa o desenvolvimento rural e a segunda da esfera federal e tem como objetivo promover o desenvolvimento territorial. Optamos por efetuar a apreciação empírica de ambas as políticas no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural (EDR) de Presidente Venceslau, o qual é composto por onze municípios, quais sejam: Caiuá, Euclides da Cunha Paulista, Marabá Paulista, Mirante do Paranapanema, Piquerobi, Presidente Epitácio, Presidente Venceslau, Ribeirão dos Índios, Rosana, Santo Anastácio e Teodoro Sampaio. O Microbacias II (com execução prevista entre 2010 a 2015) é continuação do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas – PEMH (Microbacias I), o qual sua execução foi de 2000 a 2008. Ambos obtiveram financiamento parcial do Banco Mundial (BIRD) e se inserem numa nova lógica de desenvolvimento rural, diferente da que ocorreu entre as décadas de 1960 a 1980. Nessa nova perspectiva, passou a haver maior preocupação com a degradação ambiental e com a pobreza dos agricultores familiares. O Microbacias I teve maior preocupação com a degradação ambiental, enquanto que o Microbacias II está voltado para favorecer a inserção dos produtores rurais no mercado. O Programa Territórios da Cidadania foi criado em 2008 e tem como meta principal combater a pobreza nos territórios rurais selecionados. Houve significativos benefícios de ambos os programas no EDR

Planejamento ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Embirí – UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema – São Paulo: inventário e diagnóstico

This study aimed to contribute to the environmental planning of the watershed Embirí stream - UGRHI Pontal Paranapanema (belonging to the Paranapanema Management unit) in the cities of Presidente Prudente and Regente Feijó, São Paulo. This basin is located in the area of the Santo Anastácio river source, responsible for supplying water to about 30% of the population of Presidente Prudente. The methodological procedures based on Leal (1995) and Rodriguez et al. (2004), and the steps include inventory and diagnosis of the basin. We conducted extensive literature review, cartographic and documentary on the subject area of research, field work, preparation of thematic maps and summary chart of physical units and environmental use and land cover, participatory mapping of environmental risks, quality analysis of water. Most of the basin of the stream of twine had a high environmental fragility and the main problems found were lack of riparian vegetation, erosion, siltation of water bodies, irregular disposal of debris and the dumping of sewage. The results were summarized in the diagnosis and can identify the most important environmental impacts, environmental and spatial weaknesses of the legislation, and thus draw up proposals for action to the area that is substantially degraded

Planejamento ambiental da bacia do Balneário da Amizade – São Paulo

Esta monografia esta relacionado à pesquisa de iniciação científica inserida no Grupo de Pesquisa em Gestão Ambiental e Dinâmica Socioespacial (GADIS), da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, campus de Presidente Prudente, e vincula-se a projetos mais amplos desenvolvidos com apoio da FAPESP, do CNPq e FEHIDRO. De modo geral, este trabalho possui o objetivo de contribuir para o planejamento ambiental da bacia do Balneário da Amizade, como também para o gerenciamento de seus recursos hídricos, aprofundando conhecimentos teórico-metodológicos sobre o tema. Os procedimentos metodológicos seguem a proposta de Rodriguez (1994) adaptada por Leal (1995), na qual incluem etapas de elaboração do Inventário, Diagnóstico Ambiental, Prognóstico e Propostas, de modo a identificar as características de uso e ocupação da bacia do Balneário da Amizade, mapear seus principais problemas ambientais e elaborar propostas visando sua recuperação ambiental e a preservação de seus recursos hídricos, além de analisar políticas públicas direcionadas para a bacia. A importância desta pesquisa se inicia com a escolha da área de estudo, já que a mesma é uma importante bacia hidrográfica para os municípios de Presidente Prudente e Álvares Machado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Tratamento de efluentes provenientes de abatedouro de bovinos por meio de reator enzimático seguido de reator aeróbio operado em bateladas sequenciais

Brazil has one of the largest cattle herds in the world, so the cattle slaughter is one of the most important economic activities in the Brazilian market. But this activity requires a high demand of water, resulting in serious problems about the correct disposal of wastewater generated in the process. This effluent has a high pollution load, becoming its receiving bodies (streams and rivers) unfit for various activities such as public water supply, recreation, fisheries. To minimize the environmental impacts of its industrial wastewater and fallow the local environmental legislation, refrigerators must make the treatment of these effluents. This study aimed to verify the efficiency of a enzymatic reactor, when occur hydrolysis of lipids present in the effluent industrial of an cattle slaughter industry. The treatment system used was composed of two separate reactors: one being the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), inoculated with immobilized enzymes on the matrix support, and the other by sequential batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge. Whereas, the reactors have been developed and installed at the Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, campus Presidente Prudente. The procedure operating occurred differently for each reactor: preparation and inoculation of enzyme granules, filling the reactor, hydrolysis, and AFBR emptying, filling, aerobic reaction, sedimentation, and emptying the SBR. We performed three experimental stages, with the first and second stage of the work were done reactor analyzes separately, and the third step of the analysis were made with the interconnected reactors... (Complete abstract electronic access below)

Alimentar ou ser alimentado?: a expansão da agroindústria canavieira e a soberania alimentar em Flórida Paulista/SP

Devido às características de uso e ocupação do território nas últimas duas décadas, marcadas pela substituição da heterogeneidade da paisagem camponesa pela monotonia dos mares verdes do agronegócio, o município de Flórida Paulista contempla elementos representativos para analisarmos algumas das resultantes entre a expansão da cana-de-açúcar e a produção de alimentos voltados ao abastecimento dos locais próximos. Com isso buscamos entender, com base no recorte eleito para estudo, o percurso do alimento no espaço, desde as pequenas propriedades camponesas que ainda resistem à imposição do formato único, até os diversos pontos de venda/aquisição de alimentos disponíveis na área urbana, além do CEASA de Presidente Prudente/SP, responsável pela distribuição da maior parte dos produtos alimentícios encontrados nas bancas do município. A expansão das áreas monocultoras encontra-se sintonizada aos imperativos da lógica do abastecimento alimentar referenciado no movimento do alimento no espaço, no qual áreas antes policultoras, produtoras de alimentos, são sobrepostas pela geometria monocultural dos canaviais, o que diminui as possibilidades de abastecimento local e reforça o discurso de que os alimentos devam ser garantidos a partir de sujeitos estranhos ao lugar. Alimentar ou ser alimentado, soberania ou segurança, poder de decisão que emana autonomia ou dependência, constituem o eixo central no debate aqui proposto, de modo a identificar, a partir do movimento que denuncia a lógica por detrás do alimento, atores e setores entre a terra e o alimento. Com o objetivo de compreender as implicações do modus operandi próprio ao agronegócio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)