Propagação vegetativa de jambeiro vermelho [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry]

The Malay Apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry] is an option for the producer as its fruits are attractive and well accepted by the consumer. The difficulty of culture of this species is that the plant is very tall and has a long juvenile period when propagated by seed, making its vegetative propagation necessary to anticipate the productive period and decrease its size. The possibility of vegetative propagation of this species was studied by cutting, layering, and grafting. In the cutting experiment, three doses of indolbutyric acid (IBA) (0, 1,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg L(-1)) were tested in two lengths of herbaceous cuttings (15 and 25 cm). In the layering experiment, two periods of layering (summer and autumn) and four doses of IBA (0, 1,000, 4,000, 7,000, and 10,000 mg kg(-1)) were evaluated. For grafting, the compatibility between S. malaccense and S. jambos (L.) Alston as rootstock was studied with two diameters (0.5 and 0.8 cm) and in two periods (winter and summer), by method of full graft. For cuttings, the percentage of rooting was 20%, independently of the IBA doses, except for 5,000 mg L(-1) that showed negative effect on 15 cm cuttings; layering and grafting were not successful in the studied conditions.

Métodos de propagação do porta-enxerto 'Okinawa' e espaçamentos: efeitos no diâmetro do tronco, fenologia e produção de gemas em pessegueiros 'Aurora-1'

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vegetative propagation of bauhinia x blakeana, an ornamental sterile tree

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produtividade de pessegueiros 'Aurora-1' em diferentes espaçamentos e métodos de propagação do porta-enxerto 'Okinawa'

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Propagação de três genótipos de abieiro (Pouteria caimito) por estaquia de ramos herbáceos

Foram selecionadas três plantas de um pomar comercial, com características agronômicas desejáveis, proveniente de propagação seminífera, que forneceram estacas herbáceas, contando com cerca de 15 cm de comprimento, um par de folhas no nó superior, corte em bisel na base e foram tratadas com 4 doses de IBA (0, 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg.l-1) e, posteriormente, plantadas em caixas plásticas perfuradas contendo como substrato, vermiculita textura média. A condução do experimento foi em ambiente de 50 % de sombreamento, sob nebulização intermitente. A análise estatística foi em esquema fatorial 3X4, (genótipos X doses de IBA), com 4 repetições de 10 estacas cada. Após 90 dias foram avaliados a percentagem de enraizamento e sobrevivência, o comprimento e número médio de raízes por estaca. O IBA não influenciou as variáveis analisadas. O genótipo somente induziu mais raízes na seleção 3 e maiores raízes nas seleções 1 e 3.

CLONAGEM do JAMBEIRO-ROSA (Syzygium malacensis) POR ESTAQUIA DE RAMOS ENFOLHADOS

O jambeiro-rosa é uma fruteira exótica que representa uma alternativa aos fruticultores, devido às características organolépticas de seus frutos. em virtude da segregação genética e ausência de sementes em vários clones, procurou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a propagação vegetativa, utilizando-se de estacas com folhas e a influência do tratamento com AIB. O trabalho foi realizado na Área experimental de fruticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias -- UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, no período de outubro de 1998 a março de 1999, tendo como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento de estacas com folhas apicais e subapicais de jambeiro-rosa com a utilização de diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 tipos de estacas e 4 concentrações de AIB), com 4 repetições e 10 estacas por parcela, num total de 320 estacas. As concentrações de AIB utilizadas foram: 0; 100; 200 e 400 mg.L-1, e as estacas foram colocadas em imersão lenta por 14 horas, no escuro. Foram avaliados os percentuais de sobrevivência das estacas e enraizamento das estacas, número médio de raízes e brotos por estaca, e comprimento médio dos brotos. Observou-se que o jambeiro-rosa pode ser propagado por estacas com folhas apicais sem a utilização de AIB.

Indol-butyric acid levels on cashew cloning by air-layering process

Um estudo foi conduzido com a finalidade de determinar a possibilidade de clonagem do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale) por alporquia e a influência do AIB (ácido indolbutírico) nesse processo. Adotou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, 10 alporques por parcela, repetidos por 4 vezes, num total de 160 alporques. Os tratamentos constaram das concentrações de AIB: 0 (testemunha), 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg.kg-1. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de sobrevivência, calejamento e enraizamento, bem como número e comprimento médio de raízes. A maior percentagem de sobrevivência (67,5%) foi observada para a testemunha e concentração de 1.000 mg.kg-1, enquanto a melhor percentagem de enraizamento (82%) foi relacionada com o nível de 1.000 mg.kg-1. Para o número e comprimento médio de raízes, os melhores resultados foram concernentes à dose de 5.000 mg.kg-1. Não houve influência do AIB na clonagem do cajueiro por alporquia.

Estaquia como processo de clonagem do bacuripari (Redhia gardneriana Miers ex Planch e Triana)

No Brasil, existem diversas fruteiras nativas com potencial de exploração comercial, especialmente na Amazônia, local de origem do bacuripari. Neste sentido, realizou-se um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a clonagem dessa espécie pelo processo da estaquia, mediante uso de ácido indolil-3-butírico (AIB), em condições de nebulização intermitente. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos, caracterizados pelas concentrações de AIB (0; 1.000; 3.000; 5.000 e 7.000 mg.L-1), com 4 repetições e 10 estacas por parcela. Foram avaliados na porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, o número médio de folhas e o comprimento de raízes. O uso de AIB não influenciou na porcentagem de enraizamento.

Especificação e implementação de um modelo assíncrono para replicação, propagação e conciliação de bases de dados distribuídas

This graduate thesis proposes a model to asynchronously replicate heterogeneous databases. This model singularly combines -in a systematic way and in a single project -different concepts, techniques and paradigms related to the areas of database replication and management of heterogeneous databases. One of the main advantages of the replication is to allow applications to continue to process information, during time intervals when they are off the network and to trigger the database synchronization, as soon as the network connection is reestablished. Therefore, the model introduces a communication and update protocol that takes in consideration the environment of asynchronous characteristics used. As part of the work, a tool was developed in Java language, based on the model s premises in order to process, test, simulate and validate the proposed model

Modelagem e medições de ondas de rádio para predição de perda de propagação em ambientes urbanos

In this dissertation new models of propagation path loss predictions are proposed by from techniques of optimization recent and measures of power levels for the urban and suburban areas of Natal, city of Brazilian northeast. These new proposed models are: (i) a statistical model that was implemented based in the addition of second-order statistics for the power and the altimetry of the relief in model of linear losses; (ii) a artificial neural networks model used the training of the algorithm backpropagation, in order to get the equation of propagation losses; (iii) a model based on the technique of the random walker, that considers the random of the absorption and the chaos of the environment and than its unknown parameters for the equation of propagation losses are determined through of a neural network. The digitalization of the relief for the urban and suburban areas of Natal were carried through of the development of specific computational programs and had been used available maps in the Statistics and Geography Brazilian Institute. The validations of the proposed propagation models had been carried through comparisons with measures and propagation classic models, and numerical good agreements were observed. These new considered models could be applied to any urban and suburban scenes with characteristic similar architectural to the city of Natal

Modelo 2,5D de predição de propagação para ambientes interiores utilizando o método do traçado de raios

A 2.5D ray-tracing propagation model is proposed to predict radio loss in indoor environment. Specifically, we opted for the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method, together with the Geometrieal Theory of Diffrartion (GTD). Besides the line-of-sight propagation (LOS), we consider that the radio waves may experience reflection, refraction, and diffraction (NLOS). In the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method, the transmitter antenna launches a bundle of rays that may or may not reach the receiver. Considering the transmitting antenna as a point, the rays will start to launch from this position and can reach the receiver either directly or after reflections, refractions, diffractions, or even after any combination of the previous effects. To model the environment, a database is built to record geometrical characteristics and information on the constituent materials of the scenario. The database works independently of the simulation program, allowing robustness and flexibility to model other seenarios. Each propagation mechanism is treated separately. In line-of-sight propagation, the main contribution to the received signal comes from the direct ray, while reflected, refracted, and diffracted signal dominate when the line-of-sight is blocked. For this case, the transmitted signal reaches the receiver through more than one path, resulting in a multipath fading. The transmitting channel of a mobile system is simulated by moving either the transmitter or the receiver around the environment. The validity of the method is verified through simulations and measurements. The computed path losses are compared with the measured values at 1.8 GHz ftequency. The results were obtained for the main corridor and room classes adjacent to it. A reasonable agreement is observed. The numerical predictions are also compared with published data at 900 MHz and 2.44 GHz frequencies showing good convergence

Otimização de modelos de predição da perda de propagação aplicáveis em 3,5GHZ utilizando algoritmos genéticos

The telecommunications industry has experienced recent changes, due to increasing quest for access to digital services for data, video and multimedia, especially using the mobile phone networks. Recently in Brazil, mobile operators are upgrading their networks to third generations systems (3G) providing to users broadband services such as video conferencing, Internet, digital TV and more. These new networks that provides mobility and high data rates has allowed the development of new market concepts. Currently the market is focused on the expansion of WiMAX technology, which is gaining increasingly the market for mobile voice and data. In Brazil, the commercial interest for this technology appears to the first award of licenses in the 3.5 GHz band. In February 2003 ANATEL held the 003/2002/SPV-ANATEL bidding, where it offered blocks of frequencies in the range of 3.5 GHz. The enterprises who purchased blocks of frequency were: Embratel, Brazil Telecom (Vant), Grupo Sinos, Neovia and WKVE, each one with operations spread in some regions of Brazil. For this and other wireless communications systems are implemented effectively, many efforts have been invested in attempts to developing simulation methods for coverage prediction that is close to reality as much as possible so that they may become believers and indispensable tools to design wireless communications systems. In this work wasm developed a genetic algorithm (GA's) that is able to optimize the models for predicting propagation loss at applicable frequency range of 3.5 GHz, thus enabling an estimate of the signal closer to reality to avoid significant errors in planning and implementation a system of wireless communication

Avaliação dos modelos de predição de propagação para telefonia móvel celular na cidade do Natal

The development of wireless telecommunication in the last years has been great. It has been taking academics to conceive new ideas and techniques. Their aims are to increase the capacity and the quality of the system s services. Cells that are smaller every time, frequencies that are every time higher and environments that get more and more complex, all those facts deserve more accurate models the propagation prediction techniques are inserted in this context and results with a merger of error that is compatible with the next generations of communication systems. The objective of this Work is to present results of a propagation measurement campaign, aiming at pointing the characteristics of the mobile systems covering in the city of Natal (state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). A mobile laboratory was set up, using the infra-structure available and frequently used by ANATEL. The measures were taken in three different areas: one characterized by high buildings, high relief, presence of trees and towers of different highs. These areas covered the city s central zone, a suburban / rural zone and a section of coast surrounded by sand dunes. It is important to highlight that the analysis was made taking into consideration the actual reality of cellular systems with covering ranges by reduced cells, with the intent of causing greater re-use of frequencies and greater capacity of telephone traffic. The predominance of telephone traffic by cell in the city of Natal occurs within a range inferior to 3 (three) km from the Radio-Base Station. The frequency band used was 800 MHz, corresponding to the control channels of the respective sites, which adopt the FSK modulation technique. This Dissertation starts by presenting a general vision of the models used for predicting propagation. Then, there is a description of the methodology used in the measuring, which were done using the same channels of control of the cellular system. The results obtained were compared with many existing prediction models, and some adaptations were developed by using regression techniques trying to obtain the most optimized solutions. Furthermore, according to regulations from the old Brazilian Holding Telebrás, a minimum covering of 90% of a determined previously area, in 90% of the time, must be obeyed when implanting cellular systems. For such value to be reached, considerations and studies involving the specific environment that is being covered are important. The objective of this work is contribute to this aspect

Enxertia em figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' por borbulhia e garfagem

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Propagação vegetativa da alfavaca-cravo utilizando diferentes tipos de estacas e substratos

A propagação vegetativa é considerada importante ferramenta para o melhoramento de espécies lenhosas e herbáceas e vem sendo amplamente utilizada, visando melhorar e manter variedades de importância econômica e medicinal. Neste contexto utilizou-se estacas de alfavaca-cravo de 15 cm para apicais e 25 cm para as medianas, sendo estas com e sem folhas. As estacas foram plantadas em bandejas de isopor de 72 células, utilizando-se 10 substratos. Após 35 dias, as estacas foram retiradas com cuidado, sendo as partes aéreas e radiculares separadas e acondicionadas em saco de papel e mantidas em estufa a 70ºC por 48 h para posterior avaliação da matéria seca. Analisou-se a percentagem de enraizamento, número de folhas na estaca, peso de matéria seca de folha e de raiz. Não houve interação significativa entre os diferentes tipos de substrato e estaca para percentagem de enraizamento, sendo que os substratos de modo geral diferiram pouco entre si. Entre os tipos de estaca destacaram-se para esta variável a mediana sem folha e a apical com folha. Para as demais variáveis houve interação significativa entre o tipo de estaca e o substrato. A melhor estaca foi a mediana sem folhas plantadas em substrato arisco + esterco + húmus e vermiculita nas seguintes proporções: 20%:40%:40%; 40%:20%:40% e 40%:40%.