Abundance of Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globigerinoides ruber and oxygen and carbon stable isotopes of different planktonic foraminifers at DSDP Holes 78-541 and 78-543

The stable isotope study of monospecific planktonic foraminifer samples recovered at Sites 541 and 543 during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78A indicates a warming during the early Pliocene about 4.7 to 4.3 Ma. The changes in the late Pliocene oxygen isotope record around 2.9 to 2.7 Ma coincide with changes in the circulation pattern resulting from the closure of the Panama seaway and the beginning of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The Pleistocene record is characterized by 0.5 to 1.0 per mil fluctuations in the d18O record. These fluctuations reflect salinity changes, rather than temperature changes, as indicated by Globigerinoides ruber and G. sacculifer abundances. The salinity changes may be explained by a drifting of (1) the highly saline Central Water Mass of the southern Sargasso Sea, and (2) lower-salinity ocean water displaced by the northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone into the Caribbean region during cooler intervals.

Data compilation of ESOP

The work in this sub-project of ESOP focuses on the advective and convective transforma-tion of water masses in the Greenland Sea and its neighbouring areas. It includes observational work on the sub-mesoscale and analysis of hydrographic data up to the gyre-scale. Observations of active convective plumes were made with a towed chain equipped with up to 80 CTD sensors, giving a horizontal and vertical resolution of the hydrographic fields of a few metres. The observed scales of the penetrative convective plumes compare well with those given by theory. On the mesoscale the structure of homogeneous eddies formed as a result of deep convection was observed and the associated mixing and renewal of the intermediate layers quantified. The relative importance and efficiency of thermal and haline penetrative convection in relation to the surface boundary conditions (heat and salt fluxes and ice cover) and the ambient stratification are studied using the multi year time series of hydro-graphic data in the central Greenland Sea. The modification of the water column of the Greenland Sea gyre through advection from and mixing with water at its rim is assessed on longer time scales. The relative contributions are quantified using modern water mass analysis methods based on inverse techniques. Likewise the convective renewal and the spreading of the Arctic Intermediate Water from its formation area is quantified. The aim is to budget the heat and salt content of the water column, in particular of the low salinity surface layer, and to relate its seasonal and interannual variability to the lateral fluxes and the fluxes at the air-sea-ice interface. This will allow to estimate residence times for the different layers of the Greenland Sea gyre, a quantity important for the description of the Polar Ocean carbon cycle.

Calcareous nannofossils of ODP Sites 149-897 and 149-901

Mesozoic calcareous nannofossil assemblages recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 149 from the Iberia Abyssal Plain off the coast of Portugal were examined to determine the age of the rifting processes that affected the western Iberia Margin. Dark carbonaceous claystones (black shales) recovered from Site 901 contain highly diverse and abundant Tithonian calcareous nannofossil assemblages. Careful examination and documentation of this material has extended the ranges of numerous Jurassic and Cretaceous species and detailed a significant Late Jurassic assemblage turnover observed in the calcareous nannofossil record. The Lower Cretaceous sequence consists of intervals of serpentinized peridotite intercalated between various breccias and dark claystones. With the exception of a few samples, calcareous nannofossils are few and moderately preserved. The age of nannofossils within these varied sedimentary lithologies ranges from the late Barremian to the late Aptian. Eight new species are described: Ansulasphaera covingtonii, Clepsilithus meniscus, Conusphaera sinespina, Crepidolithus parvulus, Diazomatholithus galicianus, Percivalia arata, Rotelapillus pleoseptatus, and Tranolithus incus. Also proposed are five new combinations.

Solar radiation over and under sea ice during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) in summer 2011

Arctic sea ice has declined and become thinner and younger (more seasonal) during the last decade. One consequence of this is that the surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean is changing. While the role of surface albedo has been studied intensively, it is still widely unknown how much light penetrates through sea ice into the upper ocean, affecting sea-ice mass balance, ecosystems, and geochemical processes. Here we present the first large-scale under-ice light measurements, operating spectral radiometers on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) under Arctic sea ice in summer. This data set is used to produce an Arctic-wide map of light distribution under summer sea ice. Our results show that transmittance through first-year ice (FYI, 0.11) was almost three times larger than through multi-year ice (MYI, 0.04), and that this is mostly caused by the larger melt-pond coverage of FYI (42 vs. 23%). Also energy absorption was 50% larger in FYI than in MYI. Thus, a continuation of the observed sea-ice changes will increase the amount of light penetrating into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing sea-ice melt and affecting sea-ice and upper-ocean ecosystems.

Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1956 (Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation) : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Eighty-fourth Congress, second session on H. Res. 541. June 26, 1956.

Mode of access: Internet.

Specifications for San Francisco state building, Civic Center, San Francisco, California. Fund chapters 541--1913 and 618--1919. Bliss & Faville, architects.

Mode of access: Internet.

Organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists (including depot maintenance repair parts and special tools) for test sets, teletypewriter AN/GGM-1 (NSN 6625-00-897-5505), AN/GGM-2 (NSN 6625-00-893-1726) ... and AN/GGM-5 (NSN 6625-00-893-1735).

"February 1978."

Field and depot maintenance for engine, diesel (multifuel), turbosupercharged, fuel injected, water cooled, 6-cylinder, assembly-2815-897-5061, (Continental model LDS-427-2) and clutch, assembly (ORD 7748995), (Long model 13CF) : end item application, truck, cargo, 2 1/2 ton, 6 x 6, M35A1, (multifuel)--(TM 9-2320-235).

"February 1964."