Proposal of a method to clarify and enhance decision-making at the front-end of innovation

Decision-making at the front-end of innovation is critical for the success of companies. This paper presents a simple visual method, called DMCA (Decision-Making Criteria Assessment), which was created to clarify and improve decision-making at the front-end of innovation. The method maps the uncertainty of project information and importance of decision criteria, compiling a measure that indicates whether the decision is highly uncertain, what information interferes with it, and what criteria are actually being considered. The DMCA method was tested in two projects that faced decision-making issues, and the results confirm the benefits of using this method in decision-making at the front-end. © 2012 IEEE.

有机废水生物处理及综合利用技术的研究进展

比较了几种不同的有机废水生物处理技术的优缺点,并进行了相关讨论。

两种不同株铜绿微囊藻培养液对大型溞的毒性效应研究

为了探讨铜绿微囊藻对浮游甲壳动物溞类的毒害效应,试验选取了两种不同株系(产毒和非产毒)的藻种,采取利用其培养液的方法,以研究铜绿微囊藻在生长过程中向水体中释放的毒素或类毒素物质对溞类的效应以及比较不同株系间效应的差异性。研究结果表明:(1)试验所选铜绿微囊藻产毒和非产毒株系的培养液均能对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的生长繁殖构成影响,表现为低剂量起促进效应,高剂量起抑制效应;(2)铜绿微囊藻产毒株较非产毒株更能影响大型溞的存活;(3)铜绿微囊藻产毒和非产毒株对大型溞的生长影响差异不大,但对其繁殖却

异育银鲫口服不同剂量淀粉后血糖和血脂代谢变化

淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助

Pulsewidth switchable, wavelength tuneable ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked by carbon nanotubes

Employing a nanotube-based saturable absorber, we demonstrate a continuously tunable (1533-1563nm) ultrafast fiber laser, with output pulsewidth switchable between picosecond (1.2 ps) and femtosecond (610 fs) regimes. © 2012 IEEE.

南极菲尔德斯半岛地区土壤原生动物生态学研究

作者于 1 994年 1 2月至 1 995年 2月设置 1 3个采样站 ,对南极菲尔德斯半岛地区土壤原生动物进行了研究。共观察到原生动物 37种 ,其中 :鞭毛虫 1 1种 ,肉足虫 9种 ,纤毛虫 1 7种 ;优势种为梨波豆虫 ,球波豆虫 ,小滴虫 ,聚滴虫 ,跳侧滴虫 ,磷壳虫和钩刺斜管虫 ;原生动物密度在采样站间的变化范围在 33- 577个 /g干土之间 ,格鲁玻科湖岸边土壤站最低 ,而阿德雷岛苔藓下土壤站最高 ,回归分析表明 :土壤原生动物密度与土壤含水量呈显著性直线相关。

瓦氏黄颡鱼的繁殖生物学研究

研究了长江中游嘉鱼至新滩口江段瓦氏黄颡鱼的繁殖生物学。性腺发育可分为6个时期。4-7月性成熟系数较高,为繁殖季节。雌、雄鱼的肥满度和脂肪系数在繁殖前和繁殖后各出现1个峰值,繁殖期出现最小值。绝对繁殖力为1088-19765(粒),平均7728±4093(粒);相对繁殖力为23-88(粒),平均55±16(粒)。绝对繁殖力与体长、体重和年龄呈显著的正相关,其中体重与绝对繁殖力的关系最密切。群体性比接近1:1。属一次性产卵类型。两性最小性成熟年龄均为2龄。为补充群体占优势的繁殖群体。

Bibliometric analysis of biological invasions research during the period of 1991 to 2007

The objective of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of all biological invasions-related publications in the Science Citation Index (SCI) from 1991 to 2007. The indicator citation per publication (CPP) was used to evaluate the impact of articles, journals, and institutions. In the 3323 articles published in 521 journals, 7261 authors from 1905 institutions of 100 countries participated. As the most productive country of biological invasions research, the US will benefit from more collaboration between institutions, countries, and continents. In addition, analysis of keywords was applied to reveal research trends.

Physiological Responses of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 to Nonanoic Acid Stress

A recent study has shown that nonanoic acid (NA) is one of the strongest allelochemicals to a cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, but the physiological responses of M. aeruginosa to NA stress remain unknown. In this study, physiological characters such as the growth rate, photosynthetic processes, phosphorus and nitrogen uptake kinetics, and the contents of intracellular microcystin of M. aeruginosa PCC7806 were studied under the NA stress. The results showed that the growth rates of M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 were significantly inhibited in all NA stress treatments during first 3 days after exposure, and the growth rate was recovered after 5-day exposure. After 2-day exposure, the contents of both phycocyanin and allophycocyanin per cell decreased at NA concentration of 4 mg L-1, and oxygen evolution was inhibited even at the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1, but carotenoid content per cell was slightly boosted in NA stress. Physiological recovery of M. aeruginosa PCC7806 was observed after 7-day exposure to NA. It was shown that NA stress had no effect on uptake of nitrogen, but could stimulate the uptake of phosphorus. The contents of intracellular microcystin have not been affected in all NA treatments in contrast with the control. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 610-617, 2009.

Effect of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios on growth and feed utilization in Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Gunther)

An 8-week growth trial was carried out in a semi-recirculation system at 26 +/- 0.5 degrees C to investigate the optimal dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid (CHO:L) ratio for carnivorous Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Gunther). Triplicate tanks of fish were assigned to each of five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios (0.75, 1.48, 1.98, 2.99 and 5.07). The results showed that a higher specific growth rate (SGR) and feed rate (FR) were observed in the fish fed diet ratios of 1.98 CHO:L (P < 0.05). Overloading dietary carbohydrate (5.07 CHO:L ratio) caused skeletal malformations. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADC(d)) significantly increased with dietary CHO:L ratio (P < 0.05), while significantly higher apparent digestibility of protein (ADC(p)) and apparent digestibility of energy (ACD(e)) was observed only in the 1.98 CHO:L group (P < 0.05). Whole body contents of dry matter, lipid and energy significantly increased as the CHO:L ratio decreased (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) was highest at 1.98 CHO:L ratio (P < 0.05). Highest dietary CHO:L ratio resulted in lower liver glycogen, liver lipid, plasma glucose and plasma triacylglycerol (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in plasma total cholesterol (P > 0.05). High dietary CHO:L ratio caused pathological changes in fish morphology and liver histology. Based on maximum growth, the optimal carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio was 1.98 for Chinese longsnout catfish.

Energy Levels of Hydrogenic Impurities in InAs Quantum Ring

The distribution of energy levels of the ground state and the low-lying excited states of hydrogenic impurities in InAs quantum ring was investigated by applying the effective mass approximation and the perturbation method. In 2D polar coordinates, the exact solution to the Schrodinger equation was used to calculate the perturbation integral in a parabolic confinement potential. The numerical results show that the energy levels of electron are sensitively dependent on the radius of the quantum ring and a minimum exists on account of the parabolic confinement potential. With decreasing the radius, the energy spacing between energy levels increases. The degenerate energy levels of the first excited state for hydrogenic impurities are not relieved, and when the degenerate energy levels are split and the energy spacing will increase with the increase in the radius. The energy spacing between energy levels of electron is also sensitively dependent on the angular frequency and will increase with the increases in it. The degenerate energy levels of the first excited state are not relieved. The degenerate energy levels of the second excited state are relieved partially. The change in angular frequency will have a profound effect upon the calculation of the energy levels of the ground state and the low-lying excited states of hydrogenic impurities in InAs quantum ring. The conclusions of this paper will provide important guidance to investigating the optical transitions and spectral structures in quantum ring.

Back-to-back Schottky diode adopted for the measurement of GaN films and its Schottky contacts

A new measurement method for GaN films and their Schottky contacts is reported in this paper. Instead of the fabrication of Ohmic contacts, this measurement is based on a special back-to-back Schottky diode that has a rectifying character. A mathematical model indicates that the electronic parameters of the materials can be deduced from the device's I-V data. In the experiment of an unintentionally doped n-type GaN layer with a residual carrier density 7 x 10(16) cm(-3), the analysis by the new method gives the layer's sheet resistance rho(s) = 497 Omega, the electron mobility mu(n) =, 613 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and the ideality factor of the Ni/Au-GaN Schottky contacts n = 2.5, which are close to the data obtained by the traditional measurements: rho(s) = 505 Omega, mu(n) = 585 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and n = 3.0. The method reported can be adopted not only for GaN films but also for other semiconductor materials, especially in the cases where Ohmic contacts of high quality are hard to make or their fabricating process affects the film's character.

Electrical characterization of Er- and Pr-implanted GaN films

Hall, current-voltage, and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the electrical properties of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown undoped, Er- and Pr-implanted GaN films. Only one deep level located at 0.270 eV below the conduction band was found in the as-grown GaN films. However, four defect levels located at 0.300, 0.188, 0.600, and 0.410 eV below the conduction band were found in the Er-implanted GaN films after annealing at 900 degrees C for 30 min, and four defect levels located at 0.280, 0.190, 0.610, and 0.390 eV below the conduction band were found in the Pr-implanted GaN films after annealing at 1050 degrees C for 30 min. The origins of the deep defect levels are discussed. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.