伊乐藻、苦草和菹草对磷急性胁迫的响应

国家十五重大科技专项(2002AA601021); 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题; 河南省科技攻关项目(0624440039)资助

鱼类耳石微结构的计算机自动识别

本文介绍了鱼类耳石微结构图像识别系统的工作原理和应用实例 ,该系统实现了对鱼类的耳石日轮的自动识别计数和测量日轮宽度 ,并将分析结果自动保存为Excel可识别格式的数据文件。用草鱼微耳石对该系统进行测试的结果表明 ,在随机抽取的 30个样本中 ,有 2 8个样本日轮自动识别的正确率为 1 0 0 % ,其余 2个样本经过手工修改后也能达到对日轮的完全识别。此外 ,采用 768× 5 82像素的BMP格式数字图像测量日轮宽度 ,计算机的分辨率比显微镜提高了约 1 3倍。该系统还可应用于鱼类的鳞片、胸鳍棘和脊

鳜鳃部寄生河鲈锚首吸虫的扫描电镜观察

河鲈锚首吸虫头器表面分布着形状各异的孔状结构，每个中央头瓣上有两个附着器囊，而每个外侧头瓣上只有一个。口腔位于头器下方的腹面中线上，口腔表皮与周围的表皮无异。生殖孔在口腔正下方，阴道开口于虫体背侧面，周围有微纤毛的分布。交接器位于生殖孔左下方，交接管表面波纹状，辅助交配器表面布满疣状突起。后附着器的中央锚钩上具一凹槽，边缘小钩的钩尖弯向基部。虫体表面至少分布着两类可能的感受器末端，一类呈单纤毛状散布于体表，纤毛从体表凹坑中伸出，或在其基部围一环状领襟；另一类呈乳突状，位于外侧头瓣的顶部。在部分河鲈锚首吸虫

中华间吸鳅食性及年龄生长的初步研究

对金沙江下游中华间吸鳅的食性和年龄生长进行了初步研究。中华间吸鳅为杂食性鱼类,其食物主要包括藻类、高等植物碎片、水生昆虫、软体动物。适宜的年龄鉴定材料为鳞片和微耳石,两者年龄鉴定结果的符合率为85％,且以鳞径对生长的退算结果与实测体长相符。体长与体重的回归方程为:W=1.08×10~(-4)L~(2.5604),微耳石半径与体长、鳞径与体长的回归方程分别为:BL=59.995+130R和BL=36.704+117R。

Influence of nanowire density on the shape and optical properties of ternary InGaAs nanowires.

We have synthesized ternary InGaAs nanowires on (111)B GaAs surfaces by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Au colloidal nanoparticles were employed to catalyze nanowire growth. We observed the strong influence of nanowire density on nanowire height, tapering, and base shape specific to the nanowires with high In composition. This dependency was attributed to the large difference of diffusion length on (111)B surfaces between In and Ga reaction species, with In being the more mobile species. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis together with high-resolution electron microscopy study of individual InGaAs nanowires shows large In/Ga compositional variation along the nanowire supporting the present diffusion model. Photoluminescence spectra exhibit a red shift with decreasing nanowire density due to the higher degree of In incorporation in more sparsely distributed InGaAs nanowires.

Growth mechanism of truncated triangular GaAs nanowires

During the growth of GaAs nanowires on the {111}B GaAs substrate, truncated triangular GaAs nanowires were commonly observed in the bottom region of nanowires. Through detailed structural analysis by electron microscopy, we have determined the growth mechanism of truncated triangular GaAs nanowires. © 2006 IEEE.

武汉东湖铜锈环棱螺种群变动和生产量的初步观察

本文报道了东湖环棱螺的种群密度、年龄结构、种群增长率和生物量、生产量、P/B系数及其在不同湖区中的季节变化;用指数生长模型计算种群增长率。以累计总增长的方法估算种群生产量。研究结果表明,水果湖区铜锈环棱螺年平均生物量为554.37克·米~(-2),累计生产量为604.99克·米~(-2)·年~(-1),P/B系数为1.09;郭郑湖区平均生物量为286.74克·米~(-2),生产量为308.99克·米~(-2)·年~(-1),P/B系数为1.08。本文还对影响铜锈环棱螺的种群变动和生产量的生态因子作了扼要的

EST-based identification of genes expressed in the hypothalamus of male orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

The orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, is an important marine aquaculture fish, but its large-scale aquaculture has been hindered by the rarity of natural males because it is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish. Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad is an important endocrine axis in regulating reproduction and sex differentiation. To reveal the molecular mechanism of hypothalamic physiological functions, we performed he studies on identification of genes expressed in the hypothalamus of male orange-spotted grouper using EST and RT-PCR strategy. A total of 1006 ESTs were sequenced, and 402 (39.96%) clones were identified as known genes and 604 (60.04%) as unknown genes. The 402 clones of known gene products represent transcripts of 18 1 genes. Moreover, the expression patterns of 26 unknown genes were analyzed in various tissues, such as liver, kidney, spleen, fat, heart, muscle, pituitary, hypothalamus, telencephalon, cerebellum, midbrain, medulla oblongata, ovary and testes. Five different categories of expression patterns were observed from them. Several unknown ESTs, such as DN551996, DN551998, DN552082, and DN552070, were detected to be hypothalamus-specific, brains-specific, or hypothalamus and gonad-specific genes. Interestingly, DN551996, not only exhibiting expression differences between ovary and testis, but also showing sex-dependent differences in hypothalamus of grouper, might play significant role in grouper reproduction or sex inversion. Further functional studies on these genes will provide more information on molecule regulation mechanism of sex inversion in groupers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All fights reserved.

Benthic algae of the Xiangxi River, China

From June 2000 to June 2002, four sites on the mainstem of the Xiangxi River and one site on each of its major tributaries were sampled 16 times each for benthic algae. All total, 223 taxa (most to species and variety levels) were found (193 Bacillariophyta, 20 Chlorophyta, nine Cyanophyta and one Xanthophyta). The diatoms Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthes linearis, and Diatoma vulgare dominated the system, with relative abundance of 33.3%, 18.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. The abundances of all the other taxa were under 5%, and 210 taxa collectively contributed less than 1% of the total abundance. Taxa diversity peaked in winter and reached a minimum in summer. Species richness varied considerably but was not significantly different over time. Maximum algal density occurred in later winter/spring (1.4 x 10(9) ind./m(2)) but was not significantly different from the minimum density, which occurred in August. Chlorophyll a showed similar seasonal fluctuation but also was not significantly different over time. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that water hardness, depth, conductivity, and alkalinity had important influences on variation of epilithic algae in the Xiangxi River system.

Two unisexual artificial polyploid clones constructed by genome addition of common carp (Cyprinus carp) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

A polyploid hybrid fish with natural gynogenesis can prevent segregation and maintain their hybrid vigor in their progenies. Supposing the reproduction mode of induced polyploid fish being natural gynogenesis, allopolyploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp into allopolyploid was performed. The purpose of this paper is to describe a lineage from sexual diploid carp transforming into allotriploid and allotetraploid unisexual clones by genome addition. The diploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp reproduces an unreduced nucleus consisting of two parental genomes. This unreduced female pronucleus will fuse with male pronucleus and form allotriploid zygote after penetration of related species sperms. Allotriploid embryos grow normally, and part of female allotriploid can produce unreduced mature ova with three genomes. Mature ova of most allotriploid females are provided with natural gynogenetic trait and their nuclei do not fuse with any entrance sperm. All female offspring are produced by gynogenesis of allotriploid egg under activation of penetrating sperms. These offspring maintain morphological traits of their allotriploid maternal and form an allotetraploid unisexual clone by gynogenetic reproduction mode. However, female nuclei of rare allotriploid female can fuse with penetrating male pronuclei and result in the appearance of allotetraploid individuals by means of genome addition. All allotetraploid females can reproduce unreduced mature eggs containing four genomes. Therefore, mature eggs of allotetraploid maintain gynogenetic trait and allotetraploid unisexual clone is produced under activation of related species sperms.

The impact of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on the rotifer community in a eutrophic subtropical Chinese lake

From 20 April to 25 June in 1999, an enclosure experiment was conducted in Lake Donghu to assess the impact of planktivorous silver carp on the planktonic rotifer community. We set up four treatments with silver carp biomass at 0, 116, 176, and 316 g m(-2). Total rotifer density was significantly higher in the no-fish enclosure than in fish-present enclosures. Fish predation on the rotifers alleviated zooplankton competition and resulted in dominance of small zooplankton species (Anureaopsis fissa, Trichocerca pusilla and Moina micrura) in fish-present enclosures. However, some relatively larger species (Polyarthra vulgaris, Brachionus angularis, Brachionus calyciflorus, and Asplanchna spp.) showed higher densities in the no-fish enclosure than in fish-present enclosures.

The effects of substrate temperature on the structure and properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

ZnO thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on glass substrates with growth temperature from room temperature (RT) to 500 degrees C. The effects of substrate temperature on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission spectra, and RT photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The results showed that crystalline and (0 0 2)-oriented ZnO films were obtained at all substrate temperatures. As the substrate temperature increased from RT to 500 degrees C, the ratio of grain size in height direction to that in the lateral direction gradually decreased. The same grain size in two directions was obtained at 200 degrees C, and the size was smallest in all samples, which may result in maximum E, and E-0 of the films. UV emission was observed only in the films grown at 200 degrees C, which is probably because the stoichiometry of ZnO films was improved at a suitable substrate temperature. It was suggested that the UV emission might be related to the stoichiometry in the ZnO film rather than the grain size of the thin film. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Submicrosecond rearrangeable nonblocking silicon-on-insulator thermo-optic 4 X 4 switch matrix

A rearrangeable nonblocking silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic 4 X 4 switch matrix is designed and fabricated. A spot-size converter is integrated to reduce the insertion loss, and a new driving circuit is designed to improve the response speed. The insertion loss is less than 10 dB, and the response time is 950 us. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America