A 49 year hindcast of surface winds over the Iberian Peninsula

The use of hindcast climatic data is quite extended for multiple applications. However, this approach needs the support of a validation process to allow its drawbacks and, therefore, confidence levels to be assessed. In this work, the strategy relies on an hourly wind database resulting from a dynamical downscaling experiment, with a spatial resolution of 10 km, covering the Iberian Peninsula (IP), driven by the ERA40 reanalysis (1959–2001) extended by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) analysis (2002–2007) and comprising two main steps. Initially, the skill of the simulation is evaluated comparing the quality-tested observational database (Lorente-Plazas et al., 2014) at local and regional scales. The results show that the model is able to portray the main features of the wind over the IP: annual cycles, wind roses, spatial and temporal variability, as well as the response to different circulation types. In addition, there is a significant added value of the simulation with respect to driving conditions, especially in regions with a complex orography. However, some problems are evident, the major drawback being the systematic overestimation of the wind speed, which is mainly attributed to a missrepresentation of frictional forces. The model skill is also lower along the Mediterranean coast and for the Pyrenees. In a second phase, the high spatio-temporal resolution of the pseudo-real wind database is used to explore the limitations of the observational database. It is shown that missing values do not affect the characterisation of the wind climate over the IP, while the length of the observational period (6 years) is sufficient for most regions, with only a few exceptions. The spatial distribution of the observational sampling schemes should be enhanced to improve the correct assessment of all IP wind regimes, particularly in some mountainous areas.

Ms. hebr. oct. 49 - Algebrah ṿe-gimaṭriyah

Vorbesitzer: Isaak Markus Jost

Ms. Barth. 49 - Frankfurter Sequentiar

Vorbesitzer: Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Ausländische Juden im Kirchenstaat während der Revolution 1948/49

Ermanno Loevinson

An das preußische Volk! Unsere Verfassung vom 5. Dezember pr. besagt im Art. 49 und 76 ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Begründung der Auflösung der zweiten preußischen Kammer (26. April 1849). In den Anlagen Rechtfertigung der Verlegung und späteren Auflösung der Preußischen Nationalversammlung sowie der Oktroyierung einer Verfassung (9. November und 5. Dezember 1848) wie auch der Ablehnung der Kaiserkrone durch Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (3. und 28. April 1849)

Thyroid function within the normal range and risk of coronary heart disease: an individual participant data analysis of 14 cohorts

IMPORTANCE Some experts suggest that serum thyrotropin levels in the upper part of the current reference range should be considered abnormal, an approach that would reclassify many individuals as having mild hypothyroidism. Health hazards associated with such thyrotropin levels are poorly documented, but conflicting evidence suggests that thyrotropin levels in the upper part of the reference range may be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). OBJECTIVE To assess the association between differences in thyroid function within the reference range and CHD risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Individual participant data analysis of 14 cohorts with baseline examinations between July 1972 and April 2002 and with median follow-up ranging from 3.3 to 20.0 years. Participants included 55,412 individuals with serum thyrotropin levels of 0.45 to 4.49 mIU/L and no previously known thyroid or cardiovascular disease at baseline. EXPOSURES Thyroid function as expressed by serum thyrotropin levels at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios (HRs) of CHD mortality and CHD events according to thyrotropin levels after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking status. RESULTS Among 55,412 individuals, 1813 people (3.3%) died of CHD during 643,183 person-years of follow-up. In 10 cohorts with information on both nonfatal and fatal CHD events, 4666 of 48,875 individuals (9.5%) experienced a first-time CHD event during 533,408 person-years of follow-up. For each 1-mIU/L higher thyrotropin level, the HR was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.90-1.04) for CHD mortality and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97-1.03) for a first-time CHD event. Similarly, in analyses by categories of thyrotropin, the HRs of CHD mortality (0.94 [95% CI, 0.74-1.20]) and CHD events (0.97 [95% CI, 0.83-1.13]) were similar among participants with the highest (3.50-4.49 mIU/L) compared with the lowest (0.45-1.49 mIU/L) thyrotropin levels. Subgroup analyses by sex and age group yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Thyrotropin levels within the reference range are not associated with risk of CHD events or CHD mortality. This finding suggests that differences in thyroid function within the population reference range do not influence the risk of CHD. Increased CHD risk does not appear to be a reason for lowering the upper thyrotropin reference limit.

Zur Geschichte des Deutschen Verfassungswerkes, 1848 - 49 : in zwei Abtheilungen

von Karl Jürgens

Einladung zu der am Sonntag, den 24. August 1930 in Würzburg im Platz'schen Garten stattfindenden 49. Mitgliederversammlung und zu der damit verbundenen 50jährigen Jubiläumsfeier des jüdischen Lehrervereins für Bayern

M. Adler

Auszug aus dem Protokoll der 49. Mitgliederversammlung : vom 24. und 25. August 1930 in Würzburg

M. Rosenfeld

Ms. germ. fol. 49 - Vom Glauben vndt leben der alten Christlichen vndt Catholischen Kirchenn

Vorbesitzer: Familie Holzhausen (?); alte Signatur: Ms. Holzhausen 2; Akzessionsnummer: 5320/27